RESUMO
Background: Plasmodium falciparum existence continues to develop resistance to conventional antimalaria drugs in malaria endemic areas. Plasmodiaoften prevent drugs from interacting with the target site, hence, developing resistance to antimalaria drugs. Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt), are the major determinant of chloroquine resistance in human malaria parasite.Methodology:Malaria infection, Pfcrtand Pfmdr1 genes of isolates among school students within the age range of 11-22 years from four selected rural communities of Kwara state were studied.One hundred and eighty seven subjects (187) wereselected for the study. Blood samples were collected by finger prick method for malaria screening. Nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were done to detect alleles of pfcrtat codon 76 and pfmdr1at codon 86. DNA of isolates wasappropriately extracted from the filter paper blots using the methanol fixation method. Logistic regression was performed on the binary observations obtained while linear regression was conducted on the fifty (50) subjects that tested positive to malaria.Results:Out of 187 subjects screened, 26.7% (50) were positive to P. falciparum. Highest malaria parasite count of 36.4% was recorded in 14-16years age group while 20-22 years age group had the least malaria parasite count (15.4%). The result of the studied isolates indicated that out of 50 isolates analyzed for Pfcrtgene, wild type alleles accounted for 32% (16) while mutant alleles accounted for 68% (34). Alakuko Community accounted for the least number of T76 mutant alleles 10% (5) while Apado community recorded the highest number of T76 mutant gene 22% (11). For Pfmdr1gene analysis at codon 86, isolates from Apado community showed the highest mutant type alleles (Y86) of 22% (11), while Igbonla community in Ifelodun local government had the least mutant alleles, 6% (3).Conclusion:The overall result revealed existence of mutant alleles in both the Pfcrtand Pfmdr1genes which was higher than the wild type gene in both cases. The presence of chloroquine resistance genes among the studied population implies that alternative antimalaria drugs should be designed by pharmaceutical industry.
RESUMO
Schistosoma mansoni infection continues to be one of the most serious parasitosis worldwide due to its debilitating effects, mainly hepatic fibrosis. The present study explored the antifibrotic effect of resveratrol [RSV], either alone or in combination with praziquantel, on the murine model of intestinal schistosomiasis. We performed two parallel experiments exploring the preventive and the curative effect of RSV on inflammation and fibrosis. Parasitological measurements [adult worm burden, oogram], biochemical [AST, ALT, hydroxyproline], histopathological and histobiochemical studies were performed. The results revealed that RSV has significant curative and preventive outcome on hepatic fibrosis and this effect is augmented when coupled with praziquantel. Other parasitological and biochemical parameters were enhanced as well
RESUMO
Desmoid tumour is an uncommon connective tissue tumour arising from musculoaponevrotic tissue characterized by spindle cell fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation. Although considered as a benign lesion, it can be very aggressive locally, and has a high rate of local recurrences afer surgical excision. The cause is unknown and it most often encountered in young women. Abdominal localization is the most frequent site. Extra-abdominal desmoid tumors particularly located in the girdles or the most proximal part of the limbs. We report a case of a 31 year old woman with desmoid with tumour of the scapular region which was treated with wide excision, but in the following year the tumour reccured locally of the shoulder-girdle and infiltrated into the brachial plexus. Nevertheless, surgical treatment of recurrent tumors is difficult and often insufficient, compromising functional outcome. Radiotherapy has been advocated for better control tumor growth