Effect of adding cardamom, thyme and clove essential oils on some properties of white soft cheese made from goats' milk

This study aimed to improve the properties of white soft cheese made from goats' milk by adding spice essential oils at concentrations of 75 and 90 ppm cardamom, 50 and 75 ppm thyme and 40 and 60 ppm clove to goats' milk. All resultant cheeses were compared aganist that made from buffalos' milk [control I] and goats' milk [control II]. The quality of resultant cheeses was evaluated for their chemical composition, microbiological and organoleptic properties during storage at 6 +/- 1°C for 45 days. The results revealed that additives at two concentrations of essential oils insignificantly affected percentages of moisture, salt/ moisture and fat/dry matter. Moisture% significantly decreased [P

immuno-potentiating impact of vitamin E and zinc supplementation on buffalo calves vaccinated against rinderpest

Rinderpest is a highly contagious and fatal disease of ruminants. Complains from unsatisfactory immune response to vaccines are quite frequently raised. A study was carried out to evaluate the potential of long tem feeding of high levels of vitamin E and Zinc on buffalo calves immune response vaccinated with live attenuated tissue culture Rinderpest vaccine. Two groups of buffalo calves were used. The calves of the treated group were supplemented with a combination of 1500 IU of dl-alpha-tocopherol and 7g. zinc oxide per animal at weekly intervals 7 weeks prior to vaccination and continued for further 4 weeks post vaccination. The ingredients of the ration were analyzed for moisture, crude protein and zinc. Heparinized and non-heparinized blood samples were collected at vaccination time 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks post vaccination. Serun neutralization test and lymphayte blastogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin nitrogen were used as humeral and cell mediated immune measurements. The results showed that the serum neutralizing antibody titre as well as the blastogenic response of the supplemented group [56.0 +/- 8.0 and 2.35 +/- 0.16 respectively], were significantly [P < 0.01] higher as compared to that of the unsupplemtented group [26.69 +/- 5.33 and 1.577 +/- 0.06 respectively]. The trial confirmed that benefits from vitamin E and zinc supplementation might favorly modulate the immune competence under infectious stressfull conditions

Effect of the feeding programme on the immune response of newborn buffalo calves

The present investigation was preformed on 12 buffalo calves from birth up to 8 months of age. The impact of natural suckling and artificial rearing of using limited amount of milk for such calves on their growth rate, total serum protein and serum electrophoretic patterns were conducted from birth up to 2 months. After 6 months of age both control and experimental calves, the antibody response as well as skin test were preformed. The average values of daily body weight gain of the control [1.095] and the expermintal [1.428] calves were generally within normal limits. There was significant difference in total serum protein and electrophoretic patterns between the control and experimental calves. The antibody response revealed that there was a higher significant difference in the antibody titres of control group after 21 days following the priming dose than the experimental calves, while the changes in skin fold thickness were observed after intradermal skin test with phytohaemagglutinin but the difference lacked significance

Role of dietary zinc on immune response of broiler chickens

Tow hundred and twenty one-day old Hubbard broiler chicks were used to study the possible role of dietary zinc on chicks performance in relation to Newcastle disease vaccine challenge and relative weights of some immune lymphoid organs. Feeding different levels of supplemental zinc 50 and 150 mg/kg as zinc oxide had significantly improved 8-weeks body weight, feed efficiency, HI titres against ND virus as well as protection percentage and relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius. On the other hand, increasing the level of calcium in the corn soybean meal diet without any zinc supplement was associated with zinc deficiency symptoms as well as lowered body weight, HI titres and protection percentage against ND virus. The present study supports that corn soybean meal diet cannot cover the zinc requirements for broiler, an interesting notice, which needs further investigation that zinc supplement to such diet play an important role as an immuno-stimulant

Chlorophyll content in buffalo rumen fluid in relation to trifolium alexandrinum [berseem] pasture bloat

Ruminal fluids were collected from 28 and 20 cases of bloated as well as unbloated buffaloes respectively feeding on Trifolium alexandrium [Berseem] without any other supplement during the green seasons 1987-1989 for measuring the chlorophyll concentration in the rumen contents. Chlorophyll content in the ruminal fluids of bloated buffaloes was significantly higher [P< 0.001] than in unbloated

Rancidity and mycotoxins control in animal diets by antioxidants and mould inhibitors

Autoxidation and mould infestations are the most dangerous problems met with during manufacture and storage of animal diets associated with loss of nutritive value of feeding stuffs and production of harmful products manifested by many field problem. B.H.A. as antioxidant and Mycocurb as a mould inhibitor were tried to study their effect to inhibit autoxidation and moulding respectively. Yellow corn and soybean freshly obtained and free from rancidity and any contamination with moulds were treated with B.H.A. 500 g/ton and Mycocurb kg/ton and were stored together with untreated samples as control groups for 6 months. Samples of the treated and untreated ingredients were examined bi-weekly for the first three months and then monthly for determination of the fat percent and acid number as well as detection and determination of aflatoxin. The untreated ingredients can not be kept safe of rancidity more than 4 to 6 weeks, while the addition of B.H.A. antioxidant could keep the acid number in the stored commodities under the permissible limit for 4 months, after which rancidity appeared. Addition of Mycocurb as a mould inhibitor gave good results against moulding and aflatoxin production for 6 months, while the same commodities under the same storage conditions, but without addition of Mycocurb were affected with moulding and toxin production two weeks of storage which reached 10 times of the permissible limits

Performance of growing rabbits fed on diets containing corn or barley grains with or without addition of kemzyme

Twenty-eight California growing rabbits were divided into four equal groups and assigned, respectively, to four balanced experimental diets. Diets 1 and 2 contained corn grains as a single cereal without and with addition of Kemzyme preparation [0.05%], respectively. In diets 3 and 4, barley grains replaced corn without and with addition of Kemzyme [0.05%], respectively. All diets were fed ad libitum for 18 weeks. The results indicated that incorporation of barley instead of corn grains in growing rabbit diets is of advantage through improving growth rate, food/gain ratio and reduction of fat deposition in the rabbit carcass. Addition of Kemzyme [0.05%] to the used diets had an additional beneficial effect on the tested parameters. From the economic, nutritional and physiological st and points, it can be safely concluded that barley grain is suitable for rabbits than corn

Kemzyme and laying hen performance

An experiment was conducted using 120 brown Shaver laying hens to determine if an enzyme preparation "Kemzyme" would improve laying hen performance. Kemzyme was added at 0, 0.05 and 0.1% levels to a basal layer diet composed of corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, concentrate and limestone. The experimental diets were fed at a rate of 110 g/hen/day during five 28-day periods. Addition of Kemzyme at 0.05% level improved egg number and egg mass without affecting egg weight. The higher level of Kemzyme [0.1%] did not prove to be of additional benefit in supporting egg production. No alteration was recorded in egg weight, egg height, shell thickness, yolk weight, albumen weight and shell ash% by either dietary levels of Kemzyme supplementation