RESUMO
ABSTRACT. Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus can lead to neurological symptoms in the acute phase and in the Long COVID phase. These symptoms usually involve cognition, sleep, smell disorders, psychiatric manifestations, headache and others. This condition is more commonly described in young adults and women. This symptomatology can follow severe or mild cases of the disease. The importance of this issue resides in the high prevalence of neurological symptoms in the Long COVID phase, which entails significant morbidity in this population. In addition, such a condition is associated with high health care costs, with some estimates hovering around 3.7 trillion US dollars. In this review, we will sequentially describe the current knowledge about the most prevalent neurological symptoms in Long COVID, as well as their pathophysiology and possible biomarkers.
RESUMO. A infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 pode levar a sintomas neurológicos na fase aguda e na fase de COVID longa. Esses sintomas geralmente envolvem cognição, sono, distúrbios do olfato, manifestações psiquiátricas, dor de cabeça e outros. Esta condição é mais comumente descrita em adultos jovens e mulheres. A sintomatologia pode acompanhar casos graves ou leves da doença. A importância desta questão reside na elevada prevalência de sintomas neurológicos na fase de COVID longa, o que acarreta morbilidade significativa nesta população. Além disso, tal condição está associada a elevados custos de cuidados de saúde, com algumas estimativas em torno de 3,7 trilhões de dólares americanos. Nesta revisão, descrevemos sequencialmente o conhecimento atual sobre os sintomas neurológicos mais prevalentes na COVID longa, bem como sua fisiopatologia e possíveis biomarcadores.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the antioxidant and antiperoxidative effects of oil mixes of high ratio Omega-9:Omega-6 and low ratio Omega-6:Omega-3 in the third day after tooth extraction in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two male Wistar rats (270-310g) were randomly distributed in two groups: Control (n=24) and Test (n=8). Control group was divided into three subgroups (n=8): G1: Sham-Saline; G2: Saline; G3: Isolipid. G1 and G2 animals received NaCl 0.9% while G3 rats were treated with an isolipid mixture (alpha-linolenic acid - ALA) containing -6/-3 oils (8:1 ratio) and-9/-6 (0.4:1 ratio). Test group animals (G4) received oily mixtures (alpha-linolenic acid - ALA, docosahexaenoic acid - DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid - EPA) of -6/-3 (1.4:1 ratio) and -9/-6 (3.4:1 ratio). Saline and oils were administered by gavage during four days before and three days after first mandibular molar extraction. Following, samples (arterial blood and alveolar mucosa) were collected for glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. RESULTS: Oil mixes induced a significant decrease in GSH and TBARS tissue and plasma concentrations in the third day post-surgery. CONCLUSION: Gavage administration of oil mixes of high ratio Omega-9:Omega-6 and low ratio Omega-6:Omega-3 after molar extraction in rats induces a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation. .
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , /farmacologia , /farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extração Dentária/métodos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Glutationa/análise , Glutationa/efeitos dos fármacos , Dente Molar/cirurgia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análise , Alvéolo Dental/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Os polimorfismos da apolipoproteína E (APOE) tem sido constituído no principal método para identificar grupos de risco para desenvolver a doença de Alzheimer de início tardio e para servir de prognóstico da recuperação da função cognitiva após traumatismo craniano. Entretanto, o impacto da APOE no desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças de áreas pobres do Brasil, onde nós já temos encontrado associações profundas e significativas entre os eventos de diarréia infantil precoce (aos 0-2 anos de idade) com o comprometimento duradouro do crescimento, cognição e performance escolar, não é ainda conhecido. Portanto, nós conduzimos um estudo da genotipagem da APOE em 72 crianças da Comunidade Gonçalves Dias, em Fortaleza, Nordeste do Brasil, acompanhadas por um projeto coorte desde o nascimento, utilizando DNA extraído de amostras de células bucais. Nesse trabalho, encontramos uma elevada frequência dos alelos da APOε4 (18% vs 9-11% esperada) em crianças com baixa morbidade de diarréia. Quando avaliamos as crianças que apresentaram elevada morbidade de diarréia (>= mediana de 7 episódios nos primeiros 2 anos de vida), aquelas portadores do alelo APOε4 mostraram uma melhor performance cognitiva no subteste de coding (39 +- 9,9; n = 7, p = 0,01), quando comparadas com crianças negativas para o alelo APOε4 com similar morbidade de diarréia (25 +- 12,7; n = 27)...
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Doenças Transmissíveis , Genética Médica , Neurociências , FarmacologiaRESUMO
How to handle Western blot (WB) seroindeterminate individuals for Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) constitutes a challenge for blood banks and fam ilies. We made a cross-sectional study of 191 enzyme linked immunoassay (EIA) reactive individuals from the hematological center (HEMOCE) of Fortaleza (Brazil), examining their serological (WB) and molecular (PCR) diagnosis, and demographic profiles, as well as a possible association of their condition with other infectious pathologies and risk factors. Ethical institutional approval and personal consent were obtained. Out of 191 EIA reactive individuals, 118 were WB seroindeterminate and 73 were seropositive for HTLV-1/2. In the PCR analysis of 41 WB seroindeterminate individuals, 9 (22 percent) were positive and 32 (78 percent) were negative for HTLV-1/2. The demographic analysis indicated a trend towards a predominance of males among the seroindeterminate individuals and females in the seropositive ones. The seroindeterminate individuals were younger than the seropositive ones. We did not find any association of these conditions with syphilis, Chagas disease or HIV or hepatitis, and with risk factors such as breast-feeding, blood transfusion, STD (syphilis) and IDU
Assuntos
Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Primers do DNA , Infecções por HTLV-I , Infecções por HTLV-II , Western Blotting , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The scurvy shows an inflammatory disease and gingival bleeding. Nevertheless, in an animal model for guinea pigs, described by Den Hartog Jager in 1985, scurvy was associated with a motor neuron disease with demyelinization of the pyramidal tract, provoking neurogenic atrophy of muscles. Aiming at searching the protective role of vitamin C in nervous system, a pharmacological, morphological and behavioral study was conducted. Three experimental groups were used: A100, animals receiving 100 mg/ vitamin C/ day; A5.0, animals receiving 5.0 mg/vitamin C/ day; and A0, animals without vitamin C. We analyzed the weight gain, muscular diameter and behavioral tests. In all tests examined, we found significant differences between the supplemented groups in comparison with scorbutic group (p<0.05). Thereafter, the animals were killed for histopathology of gastrocnemius muscle, spinal cord and tooth tissues. In addition, a morphometric study of periodontal thickness and alpha-motor neuron cell body diameter were done. The vitamin C-diet free regimen seemed to induce a disruption in spinal cord morphology, involving the lower motor neuron, as confirmed by a significant reduction in neuron perycaria diameter and muscular atrophy, complicated by increased nutritional deficit