A propósito de la contingencia COVID-19. ECMO en el adulto: Oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea. A quién, cómo y cuándo / With regard to COVID-19 contingency. ECMO in adults. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation). To whom, how and when

ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) is an extracorporeal life support system in catastrophic lung failure, shock and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, in different age groups, with multiple physiologic features. When the candidate to be submitted is too unstable to be transported to a hospital with ECMO, cannulation before transfer allows stabilization and subsequent transport. The aim of this article is to review the current concepts of extracorporeal support, its indications, national and international experience, and its possible role in the SARS-Cov2 pandemic.

Reanimación cardiopulmonar extracorpórea: caso clínico de paro cardiaco extra hospitalario / Extracorporeal cardiopulmonay resuscitation: case report on an out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest

Out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) is highly lethal. Although overall survival is increasing, hospital discharge with good neurological prognosis remains low and highly variable. In some countries, protocols are being implemented, which include techniques in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, allowing a better neurological prognosis for those patients who undergo an OHCA. Following these new techniques and the incorporation of these new protocols already accepted in the guidelines of advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation, we report a 54 years old male who presented an OHCA and received advanced cardiopulmonary by a professional team in situ. He was transferred to the emergency department, where optimal advanced resuscitation was continued, until the connection to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support, with the aim of reestablishing blood flow, a technique known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR: extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation). The patient was discharged from the hospital 25 days later.

El bloqueo interescalénico provee mejor calidad e índice de satisfacción que la analgesia intra-articular en el manejo del dolor postoperatorio en las cirugías de hombro / Interscalenic block provides for higher quality and improved satisfaction indexes than intraarticular analgesia in managing post surgery shoulder pain

Introducción: La analgesia intra-articular (AI) y el Bloqueo Interescalénico Continuo (BIEC) se utilizan para el manejo del dolor postoperatorio de las cirugías de hombro. La utilidad e índice de satisfacción obtenidos por su empleo son controversiales. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la AI versus el BIEC, comparando la calidad de la analgesia postoperatoria e índice de satisfacción e incidencia de complicaciones asociadas en pacientes beneficiarios de una cirugía del hombro asistido por artroscopia. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo controlado de 47 pacientes ASA I-II, divididos en dos grupos. Grupop 1 AI: (n=23)Ropivacaína 0,20 por ciento 25 ml + Morfina 2mg.; Grupo 2: BIEC (n=24) Bupivacaína 0,0625 por ciento + Sufentanyl 1 up/ml con un débito de 7 ml/hr en IC. El dolor posquirúrgico se registro entre las 2 y 48 horas mediante Escala Visual Análoga (EVA). Se utilizó morfina endovenosa postoperatoria. Se registro el consumo de morfina, la incidencia de efectos adversos, el grado de satisfacción experimentados por los pacientes a las 48 hrs. Resultados: No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los parámetros demográficos de ambos grupos . El EVA postoperatorio y el consumo de Morfina (CM) entre las 4 y 12 horas fueron similares entre los dos grupos. El EVA entre las 24 y 48 hrs. fue significativamente menor en el grupo BIEC (25 +/- 4 mm) versus el grupo AI (47 +/-6 mm), (p=0,001). el CM entre las 24 y 48 hrs.fue de 13,5 +/- 3 mg en el grupo AI versus 6 +/- 3 mg en el grupo 2 (p=0,001). El grado de satisfacción experimentado por los pacientes fue superior en el grupo BIEC (p=0,03). HUbo mayor incidencia de náuseas y/o vómitos en el grupo AI. Conclusiones: El manejo del dolor postoperatorio mediante las técnicas de AI y BIEC es adecuado en cirugías de hombro. El BIEC se demuestra más efectivo que la AI después de las 12 hrs. postoperatorias, presentando los pacientes menor dolor y NVPO y un mayor índice de satisfacción.

Introduction: Intraarticular analgesia (IA) and Continuous Interscalenic Block (CIB) methods are used as analgesia in post shoulder surgery. The results obtained and the satisfaction index are rather controversial. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of IA vs. CIB by comparing the post surgery analgesia and degree of satisfaction to the complications associated to arthroscopic shoulder surgery (ASS). Materials and Method: Controlled clinical trial with 47 ASS I and II patients separated in two groups. Group one, IA method: (n=23): 25ml of 0.2 percent ropivacaine plus 2 mgs of morphine; Group two, CIB method: (n=24) 0.0625 percent bupivacaine and 1 up/ml continuous sufentatil supply at 7ml/hr. Post surgery pain was recorded after 2 to 48 hours by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and intravenous morphine was used for pain management. The use of morphine was recorded as well as adverse effects and the degree of satisfactions of patients after 48 hours. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic data between these two groups. Post surgery VAS and morphine use after 4 and 12 hours were similar between the two groups. VAS recorded after 24 and 48 hours was significantly lower in Group CIB (25+- 4mm) compared to Group IA (47+- 6mm), (p=0.001). The use of morphine from 24 to 48 hours was 13.5 +- 3mg in Group IA while use in Group CIB was 6 +- 3mg (p=0.01).The degree of satisfaction of patients was higher in Group CIB (p=0.03). Patients in Group IA experienced nausea and/or vomiting. Conclusions: The IA and CIB methods for pain management are adequate in post shoulder surgery. CIB proves to be more effective than IA after 12 hours with patients feeling less pain, a lower nvpo and a higher degree of satisfaction.