Kinetics of acid-base parameters in conventional hemodialysis

Details about the acid-base changes in hemodialysis are scarce in the literature but are potentially relevant to adequate management of patients. We addressed the acid-base kinetics during hemodialysis and throughout the interdialytic period in a cross-sectional study of adults undergoing conventional hemodialysis. Samples for blood gas analysis were obtained from the arterial limb of the arteriovenous fistula before the first session of the week (HD1), immediately at the end of HD1, and on sequential collections at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min post-HD1. Additional blood samples were collected after ∼20 h following the end of the first dialysis and immediately prior to the initiation of the second dialysis of the week. Thirty adult patients were analyzed (55±15 years, 50% men, 23% diabetic; dialysis vintage 69±53 months). Mean serum bicarbonate levels increased at the end of HD1 (22.3±2.7 mEq/L vs 17.5±2.3 mEq/L, P<0.001) and remained stable until 20 h after the end of the session. The mean values of pCO2 before HD1 were below reference and at 60 and 120 min post-HD1 were significantly lower than at the start (31.3±2.7 mmHg and 30.9±3.7 mmHg vs 34.3±4.1 mmHg, P=0.041 and P=0.010, respectively). The only point of collection in which mean values of pCO2 were above 35 mmHg was 20 h post-dialysis. Serum bicarbonate levels remained stable for at least 20 h after the dialysis sessions, a finding that may have therapeutic implications. During dialysis, the respiratory response for correction of metabolic acidosis (i.e., pCO2 elevation) was impaired.

Knowledge regarding emergency management of avulsed teeth among elementary school teachers in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge regarding emergency management of tooth avulsion among elementary schoolteachers in the city of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil. Materials and Methods: A total of 338 teachers answered a questionnaire with items on emergency procedures following tooth avulsion. Results: The majority of teachers (89.1%) had received no previous orientation regarding management of dental trauma and 81.4% had not witnessed an accident in which tooth avulsion had occurred. If an avulsed tooth had fallen to the ground, 84.3% of the teachers said they would pick it up, and 67.8% of them stated that they would clean it with water or some other liquid. A total of 33.1% said that they would take the student with the tooth in hand to a dental office. Of the respondents 88.5% would seek professional help immediately; 85.2% stated they would be unable to reimplant the avulsed tooth; and 39.3% would store the tooth in water. Conclusions: A lack of technical information was observed among teachers regarding management of tooth avulsion. Educational campaigns at schools are necessary to modify the behavior of the teachers with regard to management of tooth avulsion. Further studies should be carried out for the assessment of teachers who have participated in educational campaigns to make the treatment of dental trauma a matter of public interest.

Isolation of a fragment homologous to the rp49 constitutive gene of Drosophila in the Neotropical malaria vector Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: Culicidae)

The constitutive ribosomal gene rp49 is frequently used as an endogenous control in Drosophila gene expression experiments. Using the degenerate primer PCR technique we have cloned a fragment homologous to this gene in Anopheles aquasalis Curry, a Neotropical vector of malaria. In addition, based on this first sequence, a new primer was designed, which allowed the isolation of fragments of rp49 in two other species, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, suggesting that it could be used to clone fragments of this gene in a number of other mosquito species. Primers were also designed to specifically amplify rp49 cDNA fragments in An. aquasalis and Ae. aegypti, showing that rp49 could be used as a good constitutive control in gene expression studies of these and other vectorially important mosquito species.

Síndrome de Wolff-parkinson-white em cães. Relato de dois casos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Características clínico-epidemiológicas do hiperadrenocorticismo na região de Botucatu - SP

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Courtship song genes and speciation in sand flies

Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) is a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas and it might represent a complex of sibling species. Reproductive isolation between closely related species often involves differences in courtship behaviour. cacophony (cac) and period (per) are two Drosophila genes that control features of the "lovesong" males produce during courtship that has been implicated in the sexual isolation between closely related species. We are using gene fragments from L. longipalpis' homologues of these two genes to study the speciation process in this putative species complex

Hiperplasia de mastócitos na oxalose óssea / Incresead mast cell number in oxalosis of bone

Objetivos. Avaliar através de técnicas de hitomorfometria a incidência de hiperplasia de mastócitos na medula óssea de pacientes portadores de oxalose e insuficiência renal crônica. Material e Métodos. Foram estudados 18 indivíduos em 3 grupos: 6 (4 homens e 2 mulheres com média de idade de 26.31+2.5 anos) portadores de oxalose óssea e insuficiência renal crônica (IRC); 6 (5 mulheres e 1 homem com idade média de 22.1+3.56 anos) portadores de IRC e 6 indivíduos saudáveis (5 homens e 1 mulher com idade média de 23+2.78 anos). A análise do tecido ósseo foi realizada em biópsias de crista ilíaca, incluídas em resina, sem descalcificaçao prévia e coradas pela técnica do Azul de Toluidina. A contagem dos mastócitos foi feita utilizando-se sistema analisador de imagens e os valores (média+DP) foram expressos sob a forma de células por mm2 de tecido. Resultados. O número de mastócitos foi significativamente maior nos portadores de oxalose óssea, 32.67+9.59, ao comparar com os pacientes portadores de IRC sem oxalose (20.84+5.04, p<0.05) e nos indivíduos do grupo controle (3.26+1.03, p<0.001). Conclusoes. A oxalose óssea está associada com um aumento substancial do número de mastócitos na medula óssea. Esta alteraçao nao está relacionada com a IRC per se e nao parece representar uma resposta inespecífica à fibrose medular. O acúmulo anormal de mastócitos deve, de alguma forma, contribuir para o desenvolvimento da fibrose de medula óssea que acompanha esta condiçao.

Avaliacao do prognostico pos-operatorio atraves dos testes cutaneos para hipersensibilidade retardada, efeitos da nutricao parenteral. / Evaluation of the postoperative diagnosis using skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity effects of parenteral nutrition

Os autores estudaram em vinte e oito pacientes portadores de patologias cirurgicas do aparelho digestivo, nos quais se utilizou a nutricao parenteral no pre-operatorio, o valor dos testes cutaneos para hipersensibilidade retardada na avaliacao do prognostico pos-operatorio, assim como o papel da nutricao parenteral sobre esse prognostico. Os testes cutaneos realizados antes da nutricao parenteral demonstraram 12 pacientes reatores (duas ou mais respostas positivas), 5 pacientes moderadamente reatores (somente uma resposta positiva) e 11 pacientes anergicos (todas as respostas negativas).Apos o periodo de nutricao parenteral, a repeticao dos testes cutaneos demonstrou 20 pacientes reatores e 8 pacientes anergicos, que foram entao operados. As incidencias de complicacoes e mortalidade pos-operatoria nos pacientes foram de 30% e 15%, respectivamente, enquanto que nos pacientes anergicos foram de 87,5% e 75%, respectivamente. As diferencas entre essas incidencias foram estatisticamente significativas (alfa < 0,01).Concluimos que a utilizacao dos testes cutaneos para hipersensibilidade retardada no pre-operatorio e capaz de prognosticar a evolucao pos-operatoria e que os pacientes nos quais a nutricao parenteral restaura a normalidade das respostas aos referidos testes apresentam menores incidencias de complicacoes e mortalidade no pos-operatorio

Testes cutaneos para hipersensibilidade retardada em pacientes portadores de cancer gastricos (correlacao com a evolucao pos-operatoria). / Skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity in patients with gastric neoplasms (correlation with postoperative course

Os autores realizam testes cutaneos para hipersensibilidade retardade no pre-operatorio de 38 pacientes portadores de cancer gastrico e correlacionaram os resultados destes testes com a evolucao pos-operatoria. Nos pacientes com respostas normais ocorreram percentuais significativamente menores de complicacoes e obitos que nos pacientes com respostas anormais. Concluiram que existe uma correlacao positiva entre a resposta normal a uma bateria de testes cutaneos e boa evolucao pos-operatoria nos pacientes portadores de cancer gastrico