Influencing factors of early activity in patients with acute ischemic stroke based on social ecological model: A qualitative study / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the main causes of disability in middle-aged and elderly people, and early activity plays an important role in functional recovery. This study aims to understand the factors that affect the implementation of early activity in patients with AIS and to provide reference for promoting early activity implementation and developing intervention strategies for AIS patients.@*METHODS@#Using purposive sampling, 19 AIS patients and their caregivers who visited at Stroke Center in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and the Third Hospital of Changsha from June to December 2021, as well as 19 medical staff, hospital administrators, or community workers providing medical health services to stroke patients, were selected as interviewes. A semi-structured interview was conducted based on the social ecological theory model, and the Colaizzi seven-step method was used to analyze the interview data.@*RESULTS@#According to qualitative interview results, the factors affecting early activity in AIS patients were summarized into 4 themes and 12 sub-themes: medical staff factors (insufficient knowledge and skills, insufficient knowledge of early activity, unclear division of responsibilities), patient factors (severity of the disease, lack of knowledge, psychological pressure, fear of falling), social environmental factors (lack of social support, shortage of human resources and rehabilitation equipment, insufficient medical insurance support), and evidence and norms (the evidence for early activity needs improvement, lack of standardized early activity procedures).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early activity in AIS patients is impacted by factors at multiple levels, including medical staff, patients, social environment, and evidence and norms. Developing comprehensive intervention strategies to address these factors can promote early activity implementation in AIS patients.

Electric screen time of urban preschoolers during and before COVID-19 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To determine the influencing factors of electronic screen time of urban preschoolers before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, so as to provide a scientific basis for the control of digital screen use and early prevention of myopia among preschoolers.@*Methods@#Using multi stage cluster random sampling method, a cross sectional survey of 8 244 kindergarten students in a district of Shanghai was implemented, through parent questionnaire collecting the time child spent on various electronic screens before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, estimated the weighting screen time, and emphatically analyzed the relationship between family electronic screen supervision behavior and preschoolers weighting screen time.@*Results@#The proportion of daily over use time on average of mobile phones, computers and TV/projection screens among the surveyed preschool children during COVID-19 was 30.52%, 51.40% and 56.82%, respectively. On school days before the epidemic, the proportion was 21.94%, 41.80% and 47.51% respectively. After controlling for primary covariates, parents frequent control of children s electronic screen use, parents guidance for electronic screen use were significantly associated with lower weighted screen refractive time ( OR =0.60-0.77, P < 0.05 ). The use of electronic screen when parents accompanied their children, the use of electronic screen time by parents but not strictly implemented were significantly associated with higher weighted screen refractive time and increased screen refractive time ( OR =1.18-1.80, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Urban preschoolers electronic screen time was high during and before COVID-19. In the control measures of preschool children s electronic screen time, attention should be paid to the management of electronic screen use within the family and parents role model.

Screen use behavior before and after COVID-19 among primary and middle school students in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The current situation and associated factors of primary and middle school students screen time and related eye hygiene in different periods before and after COVID-19 were investigated, so as to provide a scientific basis for taking targeted measures of preventing and controlling myopia among those students.@*Methods@#A total of 11 402 students were selected from 24 primary schools, 18 junior high schools and 16 high schools by multi stage stratified cluster sampling method. And a questionnaire survey was conducted among students and their parents to understand students screen time and screen hygiene behaviors and related factors in different periods before and after the outbreak of COVID-19.@*Results@#The rate of screen overuse was 7.26%, 9.12% and 35.30% during school days, weekends and home study, respectively. The overuse rate of mobile phones and tablets at home increases with the increase of school stage. Totally 16.30% of students use mobile phones for online learning. The screen overuse rate of those who have not been diagnosed with myopia was lower than that of those who have been diagnosed during home study( OR=0.77, P <0.05). The higher the parents educational level was, the lower the screen overuse rate of children during the weekends became( P <0.05). In any period, the high proportion of screens used in homework and poor home screen eye environment increased the risk of screen overuse and poor eye hygiene ( P <0.05). Parental good behavior was conducive to reducing the risk( OR= 0.65-0.97, P <0.05). When the family had regulation on the screen use time, the implementation of laxity would increase the risk of screen overuse ( OR=1.18-2.48, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The screen overuse rate of urban primary and middle school students during home study is high, and a certain proportion of students still use mobile phones for online learning. The proportion of screens used in homework, home screen eye environment and screen use management are related to screens overuse. More attention should be paid to those with myopia and low educational level of parents.

Current situation and demands for diabetes knowledge in prediabetes patients at different self-management levels / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To understand the current situation regarding the knowledge and demand for patients with prediabetes at different self-management levels, and to provide guide for improving their knowledge.
 Methods: A total of 312 prediabetes patients from 3 hospitals in Changsha were enrolled in this survey. The questionnaires covered diabetes self-management behavior scale and prediabetes knowledge status and demand questionnaire. Diabetes knowledge acquisition and demand were analyzed among patients with different levels of self-management.
 Results: The score of self-management behavior for patients with prediabetes was 39.1±13.9. The rate of knowledge acquisition was low and the rate of demand was high. The knowledge acquisition rate was high and the knowledge demand rate was low in patients with high levels of self-management. As for the contents of health education, the dietary collocation and method for glucose detection were highly needed by all self-management levels of patients.
 Conclusion: Prediabetes patients' self-management level are low. Health education to patients with prediabetes should be based on individualized demands.

Analysis on influencing factors that leading to nonspecific responses to indeterminate results of HIV antibodies / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To identify the influencing factors that leading to nonspecific responses to indeterminate HIV antibody tests,to provide scientific evidence for the differential diagnosis of HIV infection and control strategy.Methods A case control study was conducted.The samples of HIV antibody indeterminate in confirmed Western blot (WB) tests,but were negative in HIV nucleic acid tests,were collected as HIV antibody indeterminate group from WB results of HIV confirmatory laboratories of Fujian province in 2015-2016.The general population matched group with HIV antibody screening negative samples and WB negative matched group with WB negative samples were selected as the two compared groups by matching gender and age from HIV antibody screening in Fujian province in the same period.Blood concentrations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg),anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody,anti-treponema pallidum (TP) antibody,antinuclear antibody (ANA),anti-human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) antibody,and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).x 2 test and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the influencing factors that leading to nonspecific responses,to indeterminate HIV antibody tests.Results A total of 13 WB baud patterns were observed in 110 HIV antibody indeterminate samples,in which a single p24 band (58.18％,64/110),a single gp160 band (17.27％,19/110) and a single p 17 band (7.27％,8/110) were the three most common patterns.The positive rate of anti-TP antibody was significantly higher in HIV antibody indeterminate samples than general population control group and WB negative control group (10.91％,12/110 vs.1.77％,4/226 and 3.64％,4/110),compared with two control groups (x2=13.627 and 4.314,P＜0.05).The positive rate of AFP was significantly higher in HIV antibody indeterminate samples than general population control group (18.18％,20/110 vs.0.44％,1/226,x2=39.736,P＜0.05),the different was not significant compared with WB negative control group (18.18％,20/110 vs.23.64％,26/110,x2=0.990,P＞0.05) While no significant differences were found between HIV antibody indeterminate group and two control groups in terms of the positive rates of ANA,HBsAg,anti-HCV antibody or anti-HTLV antibody.Conclusions The influencing factors that leading to nonspecific responses to indeterminate HIV antibody tests appeared complicate,and the anti-TP antibody positivity might be an influencing factor responsible for nonspecific responses to indeterminate HIV antibody tests.

Analysis on influencing factors that leading to nonspecific responses to indeterminate results of HIV antibodies / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To identify the influencing factors that leading to nonspecific responses to indeterminate HIV antibody tests,to provide scientific evidence for the differential diagnosis of HIV infection and control strategy.Methods A case control study was conducted.The samples of HIV antibody indeterminate in confirmed Western blot (WB) tests,but were negative in HIV nucleic acid tests,were collected as HIV antibody indeterminate group from WB results of HIV confirmatory laboratories of Fujian province in 2015-2016.The general population matched group with HIV antibody screening negative samples and WB negative matched group with WB negative samples were selected as the two compared groups by matching gender and age from HIV antibody screening in Fujian province in the same period.Blood concentrations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg),anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody,anti-treponema pallidum (TP) antibody,antinuclear antibody (ANA),anti-human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) antibody,and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).x 2 test and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the influencing factors that leading to nonspecific responses,to indeterminate HIV antibody tests.Results A total of 13 WB baud patterns were observed in 110 HIV antibody indeterminate samples,in which a single p24 band (58.18％,64/110),a single gp160 band (17.27％,19/110) and a single p 17 band (7.27％,8/110) were the three most common patterns.The positive rate of anti-TP antibody was significantly higher in HIV antibody indeterminate samples than general population control group and WB negative control group (10.91％,12/110 vs.1.77％,4/226 and 3.64％,4/110),compared with two control groups (x2=13.627 and 4.314,P＜0.05).The positive rate of AFP was significantly higher in HIV antibody indeterminate samples than general population control group (18.18％,20/110 vs.0.44％,1/226,x2=39.736,P＜0.05),the different was not significant compared with WB negative control group (18.18％,20/110 vs.23.64％,26/110,x2=0.990,P＞0.05) While no significant differences were found between HIV antibody indeterminate group and two control groups in terms of the positive rates of ANA,HBsAg,anti-HCV antibody or anti-HTLV antibody.Conclusions The influencing factors that leading to nonspecific responses to indeterminate HIV antibody tests appeared complicate,and the anti-TP antibody positivity might be an influencing factor responsible for nonspecific responses to indeterminate HIV antibody tests.

Research progress of AIDS treatment / 中国人兽共患病学报

AIDS antiviral therapy (ART) has achieved great success.Originaly,AIDS had been regarded as a fatal disease,but it has become a kind of infectious disease that could be cured and administrated.Global HIV / AIDS cases were still up to about 38 million,but more than half have been effectively treated.In addition to drug treatment,at present,some new technologies and new methods,such as genome editing,have also been involved in the treatment of AIDS,and in the humanized animal experiment has shown very good results.There is no doubt that AIDS will eventually be stopped its epidemic.However,with the continuous development of AIDS antiviral treatment,the most fundamental problem is that HIV latent library has become increasingly prominent one,whether molecular therapy and hybrid cure have being developed for AIDS treatment,there are still such problem existence.Great efforts shoud be made to continuously search for new markers of latent viral cells and to reduce the latent pool.In addition,despite the prevention and treatment of AIDS has made great achievements,but the world still produces nearly 6000 cases of HIV/AIDS every day.Therefore,the development of safe and effective vaccine,whether in the field of prevention,or in clinical treatment,has its positive significance.

Epidemiological investigation and follow-up study of different populations with indeterminate results of HIV antibody test in Fujian / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the ratios and the distribution of subjects with indeterminate results of HIV antibody in different populations who were positive for HIV screening test in Fujian and to ana-lyze the features of Western blot bands for further understanding the relationships between the Western blot band patterns and HIV infection. Methods The subjects who were diagnosed with indeterminate results of HIV antibody at the first examination were re-tested with Western blot assay every month until the results turned into HIV antibody-positive or HIV antibody-negative. Results The detection rate of indeterminate results of HIV antibody was 3. 69% in Fujian in 2015. Higher rates were detected in blood donors, pregnant woman and other clinical patients. The most common band patterns of HIV antibody-indeterminate samples were p24, gp160+p24 and gp160. Results of the follow-up confirmatory tests showed that 76% of the sam-ples of p24 band pattern were HIV antibody-negative and 76. 47% of the samples of gp160+p24 band pattern were HIV antibody-positive. The nucleic acid test showed that positive results were detected in 29 samples whose band patterns were gp160+gp120+p24,gp160+gp120+p66andgp160+gp120+p31. Conclusion The detection rates of indeterminate results of HIV antibody varied in different populations. The most com-mon band patterns of HIV antibody-indeterminate samples were p24, gp160+p24 and gp160. The more bands the samples presented themselves in Western blot assay, the more likely they would be HIV antibody-positive. Follow-up should be strengthened to prevent the spread of HIV infection. Samples with the band pattern of gp160+gp120+p24 showed a low probability of false positive and they were more likely to be end-stage AIDS with immunosuppression.

Genetic subtype and epidemiological feature of HIV-1 circulating strains among recently infected patients in Fujian province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to evaluate the distribution of genetic subtypes and epidemiological feature of HIV-1 circulating strains in Fujian province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples and epidemiological data were collected from 104 newly infected patients who were distinguished by BED-CEIA methodology, during 2011-2012. Viral sequences(n = 81) of HIV-1 gag, env, and pol segments were amplified by nested PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Subtypes B and four Circulating Recombinant Forms, (CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC and CRF55_01B) were found in the samples, CRF01_AE(45.68%)and CRF07_BC(35.80%) were the two main HIV-1 strains in Fujian province. Compared with previous data, the proportion of CRF07_BC rose significantly while it gradually decreased in CRF01_AE. Heterosexual contact was still the principal transmission route in Fujian province, but the number of infection among men-who-have-sex-with- men grew rapidly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results from this study suggested that different subtypes of HIV-1 strain existed in Fujian province. The distribution of subtypes and the mode of transmission were changing with the progress of epidemic. Dynamic monitoring of the molecular epidemiology trends of HIV-1 infection should be enhanced.</p>

Genetic subtype and epidemiological feature of HIV-1 circulating strains among recently infected patients in Fujian province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective In order to evaluate the distribution of genetic subtypes and epidemiological feature of HIV-1 circulating strains in Fujian province. Methods Blood samples and epidemiological data were collected from 104 newly infected patients who were distinguished by BED-CEIA methodology,during 2011-2012. Viral sequences (n=81) of HIV-1 gag,env,and pol segments were amplified by nested PCR. Results Subtypes B and four Circulating Recombinant Forms,(CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,CRF08_BC and CRF55_01B) were found in the samples, CRF01_AE(45.68%)and CRF07_BC(35.80%)were the two main HIV-1 strains in Fujian province. Compared with previous data,the proportion of CRF07_BC rose significantly while it gradually decreased in CRF01_AE. Heterosexual contact was still the principal transmission route in Fujian province, but the number of infection among men-who-have-sex-with- men grew rapidly. Conclusion Results from this study suggested that different subtypes of HIV-1 strain existed in Fujian province. The distribution of subtypes and the mode of transmission were changing with the progress of epidemic. Dynamic monitoring of the molecular epidemiology trends of HIV-1 infection should be enhanced.

Genetic subtype and epidemiological feature of HIV-1 circulating strains among recently infected patients in Fujian province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective In order to evaluate the distribution of genetic subtypes and epidemiological feature of HIV-1 circulating strains in Fujian province. Methods Blood samples and epidemiological data were collected from 104 newly infected patients who were distinguished by BED-CEIA methodology,during 2011-2012. Viral sequences (n=81) of HIV-1 gag,env,and pol segments were amplified by nested PCR. Results Subtypes B and four Circulating Recombinant Forms,(CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,CRF08_BC and CRF55_01B) were found in the samples, CRF01_AE(45.68%)and CRF07_BC(35.80%)were the two main HIV-1 strains in Fujian province. Compared with previous data,the proportion of CRF07_BC rose significantly while it gradually decreased in CRF01_AE. Heterosexual contact was still the principal transmission route in Fujian province, but the number of infection among men-who-have-sex-with- men grew rapidly. Conclusion Results from this study suggested that different subtypes of HIV-1 strain existed in Fujian province. The distribution of subtypes and the mode of transmission were changing with the progress of epidemic. Dynamic monitoring of the molecular epidemiology trends of HIV-1 infection should be enhanced.

The clinical study of gamma knife in dose fraction treatment of brain gliomas / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the dose fraction of gamma knife treatment brain deep larger glioma clinical efficacy.Methods To adopt rotating gamma knife in dose fraction treatment of brain deep larger(d＞3 cm),64 cases of gliomas,were installed stereotactic head frame can repeat accessories,for a day,for two consecutive days to five,each around 5-10 Gy for each treatment,fixed the first-place after the removal,the next treatment repeat.ReslIlts After 6 to 24 months of follow-up was 57 patients,complete response(CR)in 8 cases,partial response(PR)in 29 cases,the total efficiency of 64.9%,no change(NC)in 14 cases,clinical benefit rate of 83.4%,progressive disease(PD)in 6 cases.Brain edema response after treatment was the major side effects.Conclusion For deep larger brain glioma,dose fraction of gamma knife treatment was clearly effective recently,it could ease symptoms and improve quality of life.

Doppler tissue imaging to assess right ventricular function in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To investigate the right ventricular function of patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension using Doppler tissue imaging(DTI)and to evaluate the relationship between DTI parameters and pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP).Methods Thirty-five patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension and thirty-five healthy subjects underwent Doppler tissue echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function.The tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity(Sm),early(Em)and late(Am)peak diastolic velocities,isovolumic contraction time(IVCT)and isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT)were acquired from apical 4-chamber view.Results When compared with control group,Sm,Ea and Em/Am values were found to be lower and Am,IVRT values higher in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension.When all patients were analyzed,there was a significant positive correlation between PASP and IVRT(r=0.78,P

Application of heteroduplex mobility assay in genetic subtyping on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Using heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) to subtype human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) for the purpose of understanding HIV-1 subtype epidemic in Fujian province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA fragments of HIV-1 env gene were amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cocultures of HIV-1 infected individuals by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Heteroduplexs were formed through hybridizing PCR products from the samples and reference plasmid. According to the mobility of heteroduplexs in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, HIV-1 subtype from that sample was characterized and further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen of 15 (86.67%) samples were successfully subtyped by HMA, except 2 failures. Subtype E and B took up 80% (12/15) and 6.67% (1/15) respectively. Results indicated a high concordance between HMA and nucleotide sequencing analysis and concordance rate was 86.67% (13/15).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Subtype E appeared to be the major epidemic strain of HIV-1 in Fujian. HMA showed the characteristics of fastness, easiness, economic and with high specificity, and can be used in the surviellance for the epidemic strain of HIV-1.</p>