Perfil do usuário e tempo de espera para tratamento endodôntico público em um município brasileiro / User profile and waiting time for public endodontic treatment in a Brazilian municipality / Perfil del usuario y tiempo de espera para tratamiento endodóncico público en un municipio brasileño

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o perfil do usuário e o tempo de espera para tratamento endodôntico no Centro de Especialidade Odontológicas (CEO) Positivo, localizado na cidade de Curitiba, PR. Brasil. Métodos Este estudo transversal utilizou dados primários de 77 pacientes que aguardavam na fila de espera para a especialidade de Endodontia, de março a de julho de 2017. Os dados coletados foram: tempo de espera, gênero, idade, dentes referenciados e quantidade de encaminhamentos por Unidade de Saúde do serviço público. Resultados O tempo médio de espera foi de aproximadamente 11 meses. Do total, 56% eram do gênero feminino, com média de idade de 35,5 anos. Os dentes mais referenciados foram os póstero-inferiores. Conclusão O tempo na fila de espera é considerado longo, o que requer maior diálogo com a atenção básica para a formulação de estratégias voltadas à redução dos agravos bucais e à maior capacitação profissional para diagnóstico e condução dos casos.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the user's profile and waiting time for endodontic treatment at the Center of Dental Specialties (CDS) Positivo, located in the city of Curitiba, PR. Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using primary data from 77 patients queue specialty of Endodontics, from March to July 2017. Data collected were: waiting time, sex, age, referenced teeth and number of referrals per Public Service Health Unit. Results The mean waiting time was approximately 11 months. Of the total, 56% were female, with a mean age of 35.5 years. The most referenced teeth were the lower posterior. Conclusion Waiting time in queue is considered long, which requires a greater dialogue with the primary attention for the formulation of strategies aimed at the reduction of the oral diseases and the greater professional capacity for the diagnosis and the conduction of the cases.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el perfil de usuario y el tiempo de espera para tratamiento endodóncico en el Centro de Especialidad Odontológica (CEO) Positivo, localizado en la ciudad de Curitiba, PR. Brasil. Métodos Este estudio transversal utilizó datos primarios de 77 pacientes en lista de espera para la especialidad de Endodoncia, de marzo a julio de 2017. Los datos recolectados fueron: tiempo de espera, género, edad, dientes referenciados y cantidad de encaminamientos por Unidad de Salud del Servicio Público. Resultados El tiempo promedio de espera fue de aproximadamente 11 meses. Del total, 56% eran del género femenino, con promedio de edad de 35,5 años. Los dientes más referenciados fueron los postero-inferiores. Conclusión El tiempo en la lista de espera es considerado largo, lo que requiere mayor diálogo con la atención básica para la formulación de estrategias dirigidas de reducción de las enfermedades bucales y la mayor capacitación profesional para diagnóstico y conducción de los casos.

Impacto do uso de próteses totais na qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados / Impacto del uso de prótesis total en la calidad de vida de los ancianos institucionalizados / Impact of the use of complete dentures on the quality of life of institutionalized elderly people

RESUMO Introdução: O uso de próteses totais tem impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e os idosos são uma parcela da população a ser pesquisada sob essa perspectiva. Objetivo: Avaliar a autopercepção do impacto do uso de próteses totais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: Participaram 20 idosos do Lar dos Idosos Recanto do Tarumã, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Foram avaliados aspectos demográficos, econômicos, de hábitos e clínicos, juntamente com aplicação do questionário Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e bivariada (Teste do Qui-Quadrado), com significância de 5 porcento. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 75,2 anos (DP= 8,8) e o tempo médio de uso de prótese foi de 27,9 anos (DP= 18,5). Renda inferior a um salário mínimo foi indicada por 80,0 porcento, e visitas ao cirurgião-dentista pela última vez há mais de um ano, por 70,0 porcento. Os piores relatos foram referentes à mastigação, representados por problemas para mastigar alimentos e desconforto ao comer, com 25 porcento de respostas positivas em cada questão; a soma das frequências das respostas "às vezes" e "sempre" quanto à insatisfação ou à infelicidade com a aparência da boca foi reportada 60 porcento dos pesquisados. A retenção insatisfatória da prótese inferior se deu em 50,0 porcento casos, enquanto os problemas com oclusão estiveram presentes também em metade da amostra. Os defeitos estiveram presentes em 70,0 porcento das próteses superiores e 45,0 porcento das inferiores. Não foi encontrada associação significativa (p> 0,05) entre as variáveis independentes e o desfecho. Conclusões: Os idosos avaliados, independentemente das condições das próteses totais, relataram qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal satisfatória(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: El uso de prótesis totales tiene un impacto en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal, y los ancianos son parte de la población que se investigará desde esta perspectiva. Objetivo: Evaluar la autopercepción del impacto del uso de prótesis totales en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de ancianos institucionalizados. Métodos: Participaron 20 ancianos de "Lar dos Idosos Recanto do Tarumã", Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Los aspectos demográficos, económicos, de hábitos y clínicos se evaluaron junto con la aplicación del cuestionario Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivo y bivariado (prueba de chi cuadrado), con significación del 5 por ciento. Resultados: La edad media fue de 75,2 años (DE= 8,8) y el tiempo medio de uso de la prótesis fue de 27,9 años (DE= 18,5). Los ingresos menores a un salario mínimo se indicaron en el 80,0 por ciento, y las visitas al cirujano dental la última vez, hace más de un año, en el 70, 0 por ciento. Los peores informes estaban relacionados con la masticación, representados por problemas para masticar los alimentos y la incomodidad al comer, con el 25 por ciento de respuestas positivas en cada pregunta. La suma de las frecuencias de las respuestas "a veces" y "siempre" sobre la insatisfacción o la infelicidad con la apariencia de la boca se informó en el 60 por ciento de los encuestados. La retención insatisfactoria de la prótesis inferior se produjo en el 50 por ciento de los casos, mientras que la oclusión también presentó problemas en la mitad de la muestra. Los defectos estuvieron presentes en el 70,0 por ciento de las prótesis superiores y en el 45,0 por ciento de las inferiores. No se encontró asociación significativa (p> 0,05) entre las variables independientes y el desenlace. Conclusiones: Los ancianos evaluados, independientemente de las condiciones de las prótesis totales, informaron una calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal satisfactoria(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of complete dentures has an impact on oral health-related quality of life. Elderly people are the population sector to be researched into from this perspective. Objective: Evaluate the self-perception of the impact of the use of complete dentures on the oral health-related quality of life of institutionalized elderly people. Methods: The study sample was 20 elderly people from Lar dos Idosos Recanto do Tarumã, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Evaluation of demographic and economic details, habits and clinical aspects was based on the information collected with the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index questionnaire. The data were subjected to descriptive and bivariate analysis (Chi-squared test), with a significance of 5 percent. Results: Mean age was 75.2 (SD = 8.8) years and mean time of denture use was 27.9 (SD = 18.5) years. Income was below minimum wage in 80.0 percent of the participants, whereas the last visit to the dentist had occurred more than a year ago in 70.0 percent. The worst reports had to do with chewing, represented by problems to chew food and discomfort when eating, with 25 percent positive answers to each question. The sum of the frequencies of the answers "sometimes" and "always" about dissatisfaction with or unhappiness about the appearance of the mouth was reported by 60 percent of the respondents. Unsatisfactory retention of the lower denture occurred in 50.0 percent of the cases, whereas occlusion problems were present in half of the sample. Defects were present in 70.0 percent of the upper dentures and 45.0 percent of the lower dentures. No significant association (p> 0.05) was found between independent variables and outcome. Conclusions: The elderly people evaluated, regardless of the conditions of their complete dentures, reported satisfactory oral health-related quality of life(AU)

Perfil dos pacientes atendidos na clínica de odontopediatria de uma universidade privada de Curitiba, PR, Brasil / Profile of patients attended in the clinic of pediatric dentistry of a private university of Curitiba, PR, Brazil

Introdução: Propôs-se traçar o perfil dos pacientes atendidos na Clínica de Odontopediatria da Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Métodos: Com desenho analítico, observacional e transversal, foram selecionados todos os prontuários (n=1527) dos pacientes atendidos no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2017. As informações coletadas foram: ano de atendimento, gênero, cor da pele, motivo da consulta, idade da primeira consulta, hábitos deletérios, escovação e uso do fio dental. Os dados foram tabulados e apresentados em tabelas de frequências por meio do SPSS, versão 21. Resultados: A média da idade foi igual a 8 } 2,7 anos, com maior frequência de meninas (51,3%) e crianças de cor branca (83,7%). Como motivo da consulta houve predomínio da categoria "rotina" (43,5%) e "tratamento ortodôntico" (20,6%). A maioria das crianças (69,4%) realizou a primeira consulta na clinica com idade superior a quatro anos. Constatou-se que 52,9% das crianças não apresentaram hábitos deletérios. Em relação a escovação dentaria, 99,0% da amostra relataram faze-la, entretanto, o uso do fio dental não foi uma pratica adotada por boa parte dos pesquisados (64,6%). Conclusões: O perfil aqui determinado poderá servir de subsídios para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de promoção e de recuperação da saúde ofertadas pelo serviço em questão.

Introduction: It was proposed to delineate the profile of patients attended in the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Methods: With analytical, observational and cross-sectional design, all records (n=1,527) of patients attended in the period from January 2009 to December 2017, were selected. The data collected were: year of attendance, gender, skin color, reason for consultation, age at first examination, deleterious habits, brushing, and flossing. Data were tabulated and shown in frequency tables using the SPSS, version 21. Results: The mean of the age was 8 } 2,7 years old, with higher frequency of girls (51.3%) and white children (83.7%). The prevailing reason for the consultation was "routine" (43.5%) and "orthodontic treatment" (20.6%). Most of the children (69.4%) performed the first consultation above four years of. It was found that 52.9% of children did not present showed deleterious habits. Regarding tooth brushing, more than 99.0% of the sample reported doing so, however, the use of dental floss was not a practice adopted by a good part of the total sample of researched (64.6%). Conclusions: The profile determined here may serve as a basis for the development of health promotion and recovery strategies offered by the service in question.

Associação entre doença periodontal, parto prematuro e baixo peso ao nascer / Asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal, el nacimiento prematuro y bajo peso al nacer / Association between periodontal disease, preterm birth and low birth weight

Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre doença periodontal, parto prematuro e recém-nascidos de baixo peso, em um grupo de mulheres no município de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Métodos: no presente caso-controle foram avaliadas 51 mães, com idade entre 16 e 40 anos, divididas em dois grupos: as que tiveram parto prematuro, sendo os recém-nascidos de baixo peso; e as que não tiveram parto prematuro também com recém-nascidos de baixo peso. Foram coletados dados das mães e dos recém-nascidos por meio de questionários e análise de registros médicos. O exame periodontal foi realizado em seis sítios de cada dente presente, com exceção dos terceiros molares. Resultados: foi encontrado que 82,4 porcento das mulheres tiveram partos normais, 25,5 porcento das mães tiveram seus bebês prematuramente, 19,6 porcento dos bebês nasceram com peso inferior a 2 500 g e 5,9 porcento das mulheres tinham doença periodontal. Conclusão: nesta amostra não foi identificada associação entre doença periodontal, parto prematuro e recém-nascidos de baixo peso(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal, los nacimientos prematuros y recién nacidos con bajo peso en un grupo de mujeres en la ciudad de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Métodos: en estudio de casos y controles se evaluaron 51 madres, de edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 40 años, divididas en dos grupos: las que habían tenido un parto prematuro y con bajo peso y las que no habían tenido un parto prematuro pero sí bebés con bajo peso. Se recogieron datos de las madres y los recién nacidos a través de cuestionarios y análisis de los registros médicos. El examen periodontal se llevó a cabo en seis sitios de cada diente presente, excepto los terceros molares. Resultados: se encontró que 82,4 por ciento de las mujeres tuvieron un parto normal, el 25,5 pr ciento de las madres tenían a sus bebés antes de tiempo, el 19,6 por ciento de los bebés que nacieron con un peso inferior a 2 500 g, y 5,9 por ciento de las mujeres tenían enfermedad periodontal. Conclusiones: en esta muestra no se identificó ninguna asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal y los partos prematuros y el bajo peso al nacer(AU)

Objective: evaluate the association between periodontal disease, preterm births and low birth weight neonates in a group of women from the city of Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Methods: in this case-control study, an evaluation was conducted of 51 mothers aged 16-40 years divided into two groups: those with a preterm delivery and low birth weight babies, and those without a preterm delivery but with low birth weight babies. Data about the mothers and the neonates were collected via questionnaires and medical record analysis. Periodontal examination was performed at six sites of each tooth present, except for the third molars. Results: it was found that 82.4 percent of the women had had a normal delivery and 25.5 percent a preterm delivery. 19.6 percent of the babies weighed less than 2 500 g at birth, and 5.9 percent of the women had periodontal disease. Conclusions: no association was found in the sample between periodontal disease and preterm delivery and low birth weight(AU)

Child abuse: perception and knowledge by Public Health Dentistry teams in Brazil

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the experience, knowledge and attitudes of dentists and oral health technicians (OHTs) who work in Basic Health Units in the city of Curitiba, PR, Brazil, regarding cases of abuse against children and adolescents. Methods: In this observational study, three hundred eighty-three questionnaires (validated for Brazilian Portuguese) were sent to dentists and OHTs who work in public health units. The response rate was 38.12% (n = 146) for dentists and 40% (n = 77) for OHTs. Results: The mean age of the dentists was 40±8.29 years, and 53.43% treated more than 10 children per week. The OHTs' mean age was 45.39±9.71 years, and 62.35% attended to more than 10 children per week. Although the dentists perceived 185 suspected cases of maltreatment, only 35.67% were reported to authorities. In the OHT group, 22.08% were reported to authorities. Sixty-eight dentists (47%) and 11 OHTs (14.28%) reported having treated at least one case of orofacial trauma in the previous 6 months, totalizing 166 orofacial traumas. About the mechanism for reporting suspected cases, 83% of the respondents knew how to report. Over 50% of the responses concerning why the professionals did not report cases of physical violence against children included fear of retaliation and difficulties in diagnosis. Conclusions: Suspected cases of maltreatment against children and adolescents are underreported. More information is required to recognize suspected maltreatment cases and notify authorities.

Oral health status of patients with special needs from a rehabilitation association in Curitiba (PR, Brazil)

Introduction:Patients with special needs commonly show significant systemic and oral diseases. Objective:We carried out a survey on the oral health status from individuals with special needs of Associação Paranaense de Reabilitação (APR), in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Material and methods: Clinical oral examination was performed and a specific questionnaire was applied to 87 individuals, aged from 5 to 14 years-old. Results: The mean age average was 9 yearsold, and 57.5% were males. The mean DMFT was 1.4, and 54% of the sample showed DMFT = zero. The oral health status from the studied sample was similar to that found in the same age group of the general population. Conclusion: We indicate that strategies for controlling oral health diseases tailored for this group must be stimulated, once the vulnerability is present.

Epidemiological study to determine factors associated with dental caries in schoolers

Introduction:Dental caries is a large problem affecting all population. In Brazil, caries prevalence has decreased over the last years, but it is still a public health issue requiring frequent evaluation and care by dentists. Objective: To evaluate the oral health conditions of schoolers aged 5-12 years relating them with socioeconomic and demographic determinants. Material and methods: The children were examined by a previously calibrated examiner to obtain DMF and dmf scores. The parents answered a questionnaire regarding to the socioeconomic condition. Prior to the examinations, the parents signed a free and clarified consent form and only their children were evaluated. The results were analyzed descriptively and by Chi-square test, at significance level of p<0.05. Results: : The sample (n=111) showed a mean age of 7+1.7 years (mean + standard deviation), composed of 58 boys and 58 girls. 66.6% of the sample exhibited dmf values = 0, while 102 schoolers had DMF values = 0. With regard to the parents' education level, 78.37% of the mothers had more than 9 years of education and 43.34% of the fathers had 9 to 11 years of study. Concerning to family income, 36.93% of the families presented mean income of 1-3 minimum wages (R$ 788.00 to R$ 2,364.00). No statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) were seen between caries rates vs. parents' education and caries rates vs. family income. Conclusion: 5-12 year schoolers showed low dmf and DMF values, suggesting that parents' education and income might have influenced on the results. Further studies are necessary to understand/assess the predisposing factors to dental caries development.

Evaluating of oral and salivary conditions of two specific groups of workers

Introduction and Objective: Tooth decay is one of the most common chronic oral diseases found in industrial countries and is a multifactorial disease which has sugar as a key dietary factor. The amount of saliva concentration and presence of cariogenic bacteria will favor the development of caries. Because of this, the aim of this study was to collect and analyze data on oral alterations referred to tooth decay, oral pH changes, and changes of the oral microbiota in two distinct groups of workers. Material and methods: 30 individuals belonging to two different groups of workers: group A (GA) - workers who maintain daily contact with the confectionery; group B (GB) - workers who do not have such contact. Saliva collection was done by analysis of the salivary pH in both groups, as well as cultivation of Lactobacillus spp and S. mutans. We also evaluate the dental status of individuals belonging to the two groups through the DMFT index. Results: After the examinations of 30 workers (17 from the GA [9 men and 8 women] and 13 in the GB [7 men and 6 women]), the mean DMFT of the individuals in the group A and group B, was 7.41 (SD 5.14) 7.08 (SD 5.56), respectively, without statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp, was not statistically significant. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between presence of dental caries and the fact that workers are in contact with sugar because they work on candy food industry, but new studies are needed for more precise research.

Domestic Violence Against Children and Adolescents: Prevalence of Physical Injuries in a Southern Brazilian Metropolis

Violence against children and adolescents is a public health issue worldwide that threatens physical and mental wellbeing and causes irreparable harm. Reports on this violence are an essential way to prevent it and to protect the children and adolescents. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of physical injuries that occur in domestic environments and reported to the Child and Adolescent Protection Network. This retrospective study was conducted at the Epidemiology Center of the Municipality of Curitiba. A total of 10,483 reports for the years 2010 (5,112) and 2011 (5,371) were analyzed and from them were selected reports of physical injuries that occurred in the family environment. The children and adolescents were 0-17 years old, comprising 322 cases of physical abuse within the family in 2010. Out of these, 57.1% were male and 42.9% were female, and 58% (187) presented head and neck injuries. There were 342 reports in 2011, 49% were male and 51% were female; head and neck injuries corresponded to 65% (222) of the reported cases. The prevalence of injuries increased by 6% and head and neck injury increased by 19% between 2010 and 2011. It may be concluded that physical abuse is associated with a high prevalence of head and neck injury, which is easily observed by the health and education professionals. Notification organs should be created in Brazilian hospitals and health centers, which is essential to conduct epidemiological surveillance and appropriate policies.

A violência contra crianças e adolescentes é um grave problema mundial e de saúde pública, que ameaça o bem estar físico e mental, deixando sequelas irreparáveis. A notificação desta violência permite sua prevenção e proteção das crianças e adolescentes. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de lesões na região de cabeça e pescoço contra crianças e adolescentes, bem como caracterizar o tipo das lesões, o agressor e unidades notificadoras. Essa pesquisa retrospectiva foi realizada no Centro de Epidemiologia da Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba. Um total de 10.483 notificações dos anos de 2010 (5.112) e 2011 (5.371) foi analisado, para compor a amostra das lesões físicas ocorridas no ambiente intrafamiliar, na faixa etária de 0 a 17 anos de idade. Em 2010, a frequência de abuso físico intrafamiliar foi de 322 casos. Destas, 57,1% eram do sexo masculino e 42,9% do sexo feminino, e 58% (187) delas tiveram lesões em cabeça e pescoço. No ano de 2011 foram 342 notificações, sendo que 49% eram do sexo masculino e 51% do sexo feminino e as lesões em cabeça e pescoço corresponderam a 65% (222) dos casos notificados. Houve aumento na prevalência de 6% das lesões físicas e 19% das lesões na região de cabeça e pescoço, do ano de 2010 para 2011. Conclui-se que é alta a prevalência de lesões na região de cabeça e pescoço, áreas facilmente observadas pelo profissional de saúde e da educação. A criação de órgãos notificadores em hospitais e unidades de saúde é fundamental para a vigilância epidemiológica e para definição de políticas adequadas.

The role of the university and post-graduation courses in improving health and life of quality of the society

The relationship between health systems and higher education is of fundamental importance to establish oral health improvements for population. Currently, primary attention's goal is to determine the quality of life of a given population through total denture rehabilitation. Thus the aim of this study was to report the integrated actions between the Health Secretary of the city of Curitiba and the University during the training in Total Denture of primary attention professionals. Fifty dental professional from nine sanitary districts of the city of Curitiba were enrolled in the training. The project comprised theoretical and practical classes during a period of five weeks, from June to July of 2013. More similar actions reinforce the university's role in improving the quality of life of the population and the university integration with public service aiming at updating dental professionals.

Child abuse: validation of a questionnaire translated into Brazilian Portuguese

This study sought to validate the Portuguese translation of a questionnaire on maltreatment of children and adolescents, developed by Russell et al. and to test its psychometric properties for use in Brazil. The original questionnaire was translated into Portuguese using a standardized forward-backward linguistic translation method. Both face and content validity were tested in a small pilot study (n = 8). In the main study, a convenience sample of 80 graduate dentistry students with different specialties, from Curitiba, PR, Brazil, were invited to complete the final Brazilian version of the questionnaire. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the results obtained from the questionnaire for different specialties (pediatric dentistry, for example). The respondents completed the questionnaire again after 4 weeks to evaluate test-retest reliability. The comparison of test versus retest questionnaire answers showed good agreement (kappa > 0.53, intraclass correlation > 0.84) for most questions. In regard to discriminant validity, a statistically significant difference was observed only in the experience and interest domains, in which pediatric dentists showed more experience with and interest in child abuse compared with dentists of other specialties (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05). The Brazilian version of the questionnaire was valid and reliable for assessing knowledge regarding child abuse by Portuguese-speaking dentists.

Effects of a motivational program for caregivers on the oral hygiene quality of 10-to-36-month-old children: a pilot study

Introduction: Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in childhood and a major problem for world public healthcare. For dental caries onset, the presence of dental plaque is primordial, being plaque removal one of caries preventive measures. Children younger than 3 years old depend on adults for dental plaque controlling. Objective: To assess the quality of oral hygiene of children before and after a motivational program conducted with their caregivers. Material and methods: Twelve caregivers and 16 children (from 10 to 36 months old) entered the study. The children's oral hygiene quality was assessed with the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) of upper and lower incisors at baseline, 1 and 3 months after the instructional lecture on oral health given to the caregivers. Results: It was verified a statistical difference in OHI of upper/lower incisors between baseline and 3 months after the lecture. At 1-month assessment after the lecture, there was an improvement in OHI of the upper incisors. There was no statiscally significant difference between upper and lower incisors. All incisors OHI for the three assessments showed a statiscally significant difference between the groups at baseline and 1 month after the lecture, returning to the initial indexes after 3 months. Conclusion: Punctual health education activities are not effective. They need to be continuous to institute changes in behavior regarding oral health.

Analysis of fluoride concentration in solutions prepared at dispensing pharmacies

Introduction: Fluoride plays an important role in oral health promotion and is considered important in dental caries prevention both in children and adults. Fluoride is widely used at high-risk conditions of caries, when the use of fluoride-containing mouthwashes is recommended, considering that fluoride itself reduces the risk of dental caries. Objective: To evaluate the fluoride concentration in solutions prepared at different dispensing pharmacies in the city of Curitiba - PR, Brazil. Material and methods: The analysis of fluoride concentration was preformed through Ion Chromatography method (DIONEX). Results: The results obtained through this analysis showed that all solutions presented fluoride concentration above that required in the dentist's prescription, varying between 5.48% and 24.02% more fluoride, at absolute concentration. Conclusion: This finding highlights the increasing risk of fluoride acute intoxication in cases of accidental ingestion of the solution.

Severidade de fluorose dental em um grupo de escolares / Dental fluorosis severity in a group of school children

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência e a severidade de fluorose dental em um grupo de escolares do município de Campo do Tenente (PR), de modo a comparar o teor médio de flúor presente na água de abastecimento público e discutir acerca dos valores efetivos para fluoretação das águas de abastecimento e da necessidade de um controle da concentração de flúor na água de que a população dispõe. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram examinadas 362 crianças, todas matriculadas em escolas públicas de ensino fundamental, procedimento feito por uma única examinadora previamente calibrada para aplicação do índice de Dean. Das crianças analisadas, 90 estavam acometidas por algum grau de fluorose; dessas 90, 40 retornaram com o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido assinado pelos pais/responsáveis para assim participar da pesquisa. RESULTADOS: Das crianças que consentiram em fazer parte da investigação, 42,5 por cento apresentaram grau leve de fluorose e 32,5 por cento tinham grau moderado. Observou-se ainda que a média dos teores de flúor das águas de abastecimento público de 2004 foi de 1,7 ppm. CONCLUSÃO: Tais resultados demonstram que é preciso maior atenção para a situação na referida cidade, com a inclusão de heterocontrole e monitoramento constante das condições de saúde bucal da população.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in a group of school children in the city of Campo do Tenente (Parana, Brazil) in order to compare the mean fluoride concentration in public water supply and discuss the effective values for fluoridation of water supply, as well as, the need of control of fluoride concentration within the water consumed by population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Firstly, 362 children enrolled in regular public schools, at elementary level, were examined by a single researcher, previously calibrated for Dean's index application. From these, 90 children were affected by some degree of fluorosis, but only 40 returned the signed free and clarified consent form for participating in the research. RESULTS: It was found that 42.5 percent of the children presented mild fluorosis and 32.5 percent moderate fluorosis. Moreover, it was observed that the average fluoride concentration in public water supply, in 2004, was 1.7 ppm of fluoride. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the need of a closer supervision of the city situation, by the inclusion of fluoridation external control and constant monitoring of the oral health status of the population.

Banco de dentes humanos: perfil sócio-cultural de um grupo de doadores / Human tooth bank: sociocultural profile of a group of donors

Objetivo: Levantar o perfil sócio-cultural de um grupo específico de indivíduos que doaram elementos dentais ao Banco de Dentes Humanos da Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná. Métodos: A pesquisa consistiu-se em questionário contendo informações sobre: idade do paciente, gênero, ocupação, escolaridade, motivo da perda dentária e intenção de repor o dente perdido por meio de prótese ou implante. O questionário foi preenchido por 50 pacientes após realização do procedimento de exodontia e doação do órgão dental. Os dados foram compilados e analisados através de estatísticas descritivas e multivariadas. Resultados: O perfil sócio-cultural do doador compreendeu principalmente indivíduos na faixa etária dos 30 a 50 anos, com escolaridade variando de zero a nove ou mais anos de estudo formal. A doença cárie foi o motivo para perda dental mais frequente (36%), seguida da doença periodontal (34%). Dos doadores analisados, mais da metade não tinha a intenção de repor o elemento dental. Ainda, segundo a análise multivariada, os mais relevantes fatores para avaliação do perfil dos doadores foram as variáveis idade, indicação ortodôntica, cárie e doença periodontal. Conclusão: Tais informações mostram-se relevantes na estruturação dos serviços de atenção em saúde bucal, bem como na estratégia de captação de elementos dentais junto às Unidades de Saúde públicas.

Objective: To survey the sociocultural profile of a specific group of individuals who donated teeth to the Human Tooth Bank of Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Methods: The research consisted of a questionnaire containing the following information about: Patient's age, sex, occupation, education, reason for tooth loss and intention to replace the missing tooth by means of prosthesis or implant. The questionnaire was filled out by 50 patients after having the extraction procedure performed and donating the dental organ. The data were compiled and analyzed by means of descriptive and multivariate statistics. Results: The sociocultural profile of the donor was basically composed of individuals in the age group between 30 and 50 years, with educational level ranging from zero to nine or more years of formal schooling. Caries disease was the most frequent reason for tooth loss (36%), followed by periodontal disease (34%). Of the donors analyzed, more than half did not intend to replace the tooth. Furthermore, according to the multivariate analysis, the most relevant factors for assessing the profile of donors were the variables age, orthodontic indication, caries and periodontal disease. Conclusion: This information was shown to be relevant for structuring the oral health care services, as well as in the strategy for obtaining teeth from the Public Health Units.

Avaliação da acessibilidade do paciente à clínica de especialidades de Endodontia em dois distritos de saúde do município de Curitiba (PR) / Evaluation of patient access to medical specialty of Endodontics in two health units in the city of Curitiba (PR)

Introdução: No Brasil o atendimento odontológico predominante acontece pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, que tem nas unidades básicas de saúde a porta de entrada a diversos serviços. Na consulta odontológica o paciente é referendado a especialidades, entre elas a Endodontia. No entanto inquéritos nacionais de saúde bucal indicam que uma significativa parcela da população nunca passou por uma consulta com o cirurgião-dentista. Objetivos: Avaliar a acessibilidade dos pacientes inscritos em fila de espera à especialidade Endodontia em duas unidades de saúde de Curitiba (PR), sendo uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) e outra Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, com coleta de dados obtidos por meio de relatórios. Além disso, observou-se a movimentação do número de inscritos em tal especialidade numa determinada unidade de saúde e em outra foi realizada intervenção na fila de espera. Resultados: No período de abril a julho de 2008, houve uma redução de 95% no total de inscritos para a especialidade de Endodontia na Unidade Básica de Saúde Pilarzinho e de 88% na Unidade de Saúde da Família São Domingos, que tiveram intervenção na fila. Conclusão: Aponta-se para a necessidade de melhorar a resolutividade dos profissionais que atuam na atenção básica, a intervenção periódica na fila de espera (validação), a triagem, o agendamento da consulta especializada e a descentralização baseada na proximidade geográfica do Centro de Referência.

Introduction: In Brazil dental treatment occurs mainly through the Unified Health System (SUS), which can direct to various services in its basic health units. Whenever needed, other specialties including Endodontics are recommended to patient at the dental visit. Nevertheless, oral health national inquiries indicate that a part of Brazilian population has never been attended by a dental surgeon. Objectives: To evaluate the access of patients enrolled in the waiting line to Endodontics specialty in two health units in Curitiba-PR and a Basic health Unit (UBS) and the other strategys Family Health (ESF) Material and methods: A qualitative, quantitative, descriptive and explorative study was performed, with data collection from reports. Furthermore, the variation of people enrolled in Endodontics in a particular health unit was observed, while an intervention in the waiting line was performed in a different health unit. Results: From april to July 2008, there was a 95% reduction in the total number of enrolled patients in the waiting line for Endodontic treatment in the Basic Health Unit of Pilarzinho, while an 88% reduction of the same aspect occurred in the Basic Health Unit of São Domingos (Family Health Program), which had suffered intervention in the waiting line. Conclusion: There is a need to improve the professionals working care in basic health units (validation), as well as it is necessary to optimize the periodical intervention in the waiting line, the screening, the booking to special attendance and the decentralization based on geographical proximity from the Reference Center.

Avaliação histológica de película alternativa para técnicas regenerativas: estudo experimental em mandíbula de ratos / Histological evaluation of alternative film for regenerative techniques: experimental study in rat mandibles

Introdução: Atualmente o Teflon possui várias aplicações biológicas e é utilizado tanto em medicina como em odontologia. Na odontologia, é empregado principalmente como barreira, nas técnicas de regeneração tecidual guiada (RTG) e regeneração óssea guiada (ROG), apresentando diferentes níveis de sucesso. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar histologicamente o uso de uma película de Teflon sobre defeitos ósseos intraorais criados cirurgicamente em ratos. Material e métodos: Foram usados 16 ratos machos (Wistar) adultos, os quais foram divididos em 2 grupos: grupo T (teste) e grupo C (controle). Dois tempos experimentais foram analisados, com 1 e 3 semanas. Os defeitos ósseos foram cirurgicamente criados na mandíbula, unilateralmente, por ação de broca esférica multilaminada (Carbide) de 3 mm de diâmetro anteriormente à região mentoniana dos animais. No grupo T, o defeito ósseo foi recoberto com uma película de Teflon (politetrafluoretileno expandido, PTFE-e). No grupo C, o defeito foi preenchido somente com coágulo sanguíneo. Esperou-se o tempo necessário e realizou-se a eutanásia dos animais. Resultados: Em virtude da alta maleabilidade, a película de Teflon acabou por preencher os defeitos experimentais, o que gerou uma reação tecidual local caracterizada pela presença de infiltrado inflamatório crônico e agudo, tanto no grupo T de 1 semana como no grupo T de 3 semanas. No grupo T de 3 semanas observou-se o desenvolvimento de tecido ósseo com mineralização inicial da matriz apenas a partir das bordas do defeito. O desenvolvimento ósseo a partir das bordas também aconteceu no grupo C, com ausência de processos inflamatórios intensos; no entanto a manutenção do volume tecidual foi baixa. Conclusão: No modelo experimental apresentado, concluiu-se que o preenchimento do defeito ósseo pela película de Teflon foi prejudicial ao reparo ósseo local. Para uso dessa película em técnicas regenerativas é necessário melhorar as propriedades física...

Introduction: Today, Teflon is used for many biological applications in medicine and dentistry. In dentistry, it is used especially as a barrier, in the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques, presenting different levels of success. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate through histological analysis the use of a Teflon film placed over intra-oral bone defects surgically created in rats. Material and methods: 16 adult male rats (WISTAR) were divided in two groups: group T (test) and C (control). Two experimental monitoring periods were analyzed: one and three weeks. Bone defects were surgically created in the right mandible, with the use of a carbide bur (3 mm diameter), anterior to the mentonian region. In T group, bone defect was covered with a film of Teflon (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, e-PTFE). In C group, defect was filled only with blood clot. After monitoring periods went through, animals were euthanized. Results: Due to the high malleability Teflon film filled the experimental defects, which caused a local tissue response characterized by the presence of a chronicle and acute inflammatory infiltrate, either at 1 or 3 weeks T groups. In 3-week T group, it was possible to observe the development of bone tissue with initial matrix mineralization only from the edges of the defect. Bone development from the edges also happened in C group, with absence of intense inflammatory processes. However, maintenance of tissue volume was poor. Conclusion: In the presented experimental model it was possible to conclude that filling bone defect with Teflon film was prejudicial to local bone repair. To use Teflon film for regenerative techniques it is necessary to improve physical properties, diminishing its malleability.

Immunoexpression of p53 and p16 proteins as biomarkers in oral carcinogenesis

Objective: Defects in the cell cycle control system can lead to phenotype changes and consequently to the progression of oral cancer. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of p53 and p16 and their connection with hyperplastic and neoplastic progression. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four histopathologic specimens were submitted to immunohistochemical technique to anti-p53 and anti-p16. Results: This study showed a significant increase in the level of p53 in dysplasia and oral carcinomas. Regarding p16 immunoexpression, a decrease was observed in mild to moderate dysplasia, and remained consnt between moderate dysplasia to poorly differentiated carcinoma. Conclusion: The study confirmed that the higher expression of p53 protein plays a significant role in tumor development and oral cancer progression, while the loss of p16 expression seems to be related only for the progression of carcinogenesis.Keywords: Proteins. Immunohistochemical. Genes, p53. Genes, p16. Mouth. Neoplasms.