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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 72(3): 230-234, mayo-jun. 2001. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-300019

RESUMO

La leptospirosis es una zoonosis, causada por una espiroqueta, de amplia difusión mundial que sin embargo se ha descrito con poca frecuencia en nuestro país. La infección humana es principalmente accidental o recreacional, siendo el hombre su huésped final, ya que la transmisión entre personas es extremadamente rara. En 1886 fue descrita por Well, a pesar de lo cual recién en las últimas décadas se ha visto un incremento en su diagnóstico. Se reporta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, 14 años de edad, quien la adquirió al bañarse en aguas estancadas; evolucionó con fiebre, ictericia, trombocitopenia, meningitis y falla renal aguda no oligúrica, con hipokalemia y leve acidosis metabólica compensada. Recibió tratamiento antibiótico con penicilina (150,000 U/kg/día. Las pruebas de laboratorio fueron positivas para leptospira, serotipo ictorohaemorrhagiae. Tuvo una evolución favorable y libre de complicaciones. En pacientes que se presenten con fiebre, ictericia y falla renal aguda, debe sospecharse leptospirosis


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Injúria Renal Aguda , Icterícia , Leptospirose , Leptospira , Leptospirose , Penicilinas , Águas Residuárias
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(11): 1341-9, nov. 1996. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-194502

RESUMO

Ten children (7 males), aged between 6 and 13 years old, with histologically or serologically confirmed cat scratch disease are reported. Lympadenopathy location was pre auricular in four cases, axillary in two, inguinal in 2 and epitrochlear in 2. Three children had fever over 39ºC and 2 had a Parinaud syndrome. Nine children had a history of cat scratch and one of a cat byte. Six had an arythrocyte sedimentation rate over 40. Lymph node ultrasound examination was a useful diagnostic tool. Two patients had splenic granulomas. Lymph node biopsies were obtained in 4 cases, showing a suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis in all and positive Warthin-Starry stain in 2. Serology, done in patients without histological confirmation was positive with titles ranging from 1:64 to 1:8192. All patients had a satisfactory outcome with regression of lymphadenopathy. Infection by bartonella henselae occur in the Chilean population and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of regional lymph node enlargement


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/diagnóstico , Bartonella henselae/patogenicidade , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/patologia , Imunocompetência/fisiologia , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Linfadenite/patologia
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(8): 975-9, ago. 1996.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-185127

RESUMO

Lyme disease, caused by spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, has several clinical manifestations and is transmitted to man by tick bites. In Chile and Latin America, several cases have been reported, but none with inmunoblot confirmation or isolation of the infecting organism. We report a 9 year old boy consulting with bilateral facila palsy, polyradiculoneuritis with tetraparesis and meningeal irritation. Cerebrospinal fluis analysis showed increased protein concentration without pleocytosis and negative viral or bacterial cultures. IgM antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi, were positive by ELISA and were confirmed by immunoblot at the Reference Laboratory of the University of Connecticut. The child had a recent contact with hamsters brought from Germany. The substantiation of Lyme disease existence in Chile should prompt the search and isolation of the causal agent


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Doença de Lyme/diagnóstico , Borrelia burgdorferi/isolamento & purificação , Manifestações Neurológicas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Immunoblotting , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/diagnóstico , Animais Domésticos/parasitologia
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(12): 1447-52, dic. 1995. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-173283

RESUMO

To study the rate of infection by Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in Santiago, Chile, the prevalence of antibody to the viral capsid antigen (VCA-IgG) was determined in a group of 663 helthy individuals grouped by age and socioeconomic level (SEL). In addition, several risk factors for infection were studied. VCA-IgG was determined by ELISA. The total prevalence was 76,6 percent. When grouped by age and SEL, 50 percent of the children from low and medium SEL had been already infected by the age two, compared to 5,9 percent in the high SEL (p<0.01). However, by age twenty, 90 percent of the total sample had already specific antibodies to EBV. Age and number of household members were positively associated with the infection. High socioeconomic level represented a delay factor in the acquisition of the virus, (p<0.01). These results show that EBV infection is frequent in Santiago, occurring early in childhood among medium and low SEL. Hence, the classical infectious mononucleosis should be recognized more frequently among adolescents and young adults belonging to high SEL, while the clinical spectrum of associated manifestations different from the typical mononucleosis syndrome should be investigated among those exposed in early age


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Mononucleose Infecciosa/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Testes Sorológicos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos
6.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 66(3): 150-5, mayo-jun. 1995. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-164957

RESUMO

Las pruebas disponibles para detección de rotavirus (RV) presentan diferente eficiencia en el diagnóstico. Se evaluaron aquí cuatro métodos de diagnóstico de RV en deposiciones. Con este objeto se analizaron 51 muestras de niños con diarrea aguda (21 RV positivos) por los métodos de electroforesis de ARN viral (Rotagel, ISP-Chile), aglutinación de látex (Rotavirus Antigen Látex Test, Meridian), ELISA (Pathfinder, Kallestad), e inmunoensayo ligado a aglutinación (RV-Test Pack, Abbott). Todas las muestras fueron corroboradas con un ensayo de ELISA confirmatorio y su resultado fue considerado el estándar para comnparaciones. La sensibilidad y específicidad para ELISA fue 100 y 90 por ciento; RV-Test Pack: 95 y 97 por ciento; electroforesis de ARN 81 y 100 por ciento; aglutinación de látex 71 y 100 por ciento. El tiempo de procesamiento de la muestra tuvo un rango entre 15 min (RV-Test Pack) a 120 min (Rotagel). El precio de costo por muestra (en US$) fue: RV-Test Pack 10,2; ELISA-Pathfinder; látex 2,4; y Rotagel 0,5. RV-Test Pack aparece como la prueba de elección para el diagnóstico de RV por su rapidez y confiabilidad, sin embargo su precio podría impedir su uso en numerosos centros clínicos. La prueba de ELISA mostró eficiencia diagnóstica similar, su precio es más bajo, pero tiene mayores requerimientos técnicos y un tiempo de procesamiento más largo


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Fezes/parasitologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Estudos de Coortes , Diarreia Infantil/diagnóstico , Eficiência , Eletroforese , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , RNA , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes de Fixação do Látex/métodos
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