Evidence-based standardized nutrition protocol can shorten the time to full enteral feeding in very preterm/very low birth weight infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate whether evidence-based standardized nutrition protocol can facilitate the establishment of full enteral nutrition and its effect on short-term clinical outcomes in very preterm/very low birth weight infants.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 312 preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks or a birth weight of <1 500 g. The standardized nutrition protocol for preterm infants was implemented in May 2020; 160 infants who were treated from May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020 were enrolled as the control group, and 152 infants who were treated from June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021 were enrolled as the test group. The two groups were compared in terms of the time to full enteral feeding, the time to the start of enteral feeding, duration of parenteral nutrition, the time to recovery to birth weight, the duration of central venous catheterization, and the incidence rates of common complications in preterm infants.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the test group had significantly shorter time to full enteral feeding, time to the start of enteral feeding, duration of parenteral nutrition, and duration of central venous catheterization and a significantly lower incidence rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mortality rate and the incidence rate of common complications in preterm infants including grade II-III necrotizing enterocolitis (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Implementation of the standardized nutrition protocol can facilitate the establishment of full enteral feeding, shorten the duration of parenteral nutrition, and reduce catheter-related bloodstream infection in very preterm/very low birth weight infants, without increasing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Clinical study of intermittent use of 1% atropine on retardation of myopia progression in Chinese school children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate the long-term ef efficacy and safety of topical 1% atropine for retarding pregressive myopia.@*Methods@#A randomized controlled study evaluating atropine and placebo in 570 Chinese children aged 8~14 years recruited from pediatric ophthalmology in Yunnan Provincial the Second People s Hospital during Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2019. In experimental group, patients received drops every two weeks for 24 months, then every three weeks for 12 months, followed by no drops for 12 months. In control group, all children wear single focus frame glasses. Spherical equivalent, axial length, intraocular pressure and atropinerelated side effects were examined at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months for all children.@*Results@#At the end of stage Ⅰ, the myopia progression in the atropine treatment group (-0.27±0.81)D was significantly lower than that in the control group (-1.29±0.13)D, and the increase of axial length in the atropine group (0.11±0.13)mm was also significantly lower than that in the control group (0.41±0.19)mm (P<0.05). At the end of stage Ⅱ, the average myopia progression in the atropine treatment group (-0.31±0.28)D was significantly lower than that in the control group (-0.80±0.66)D (P<0.01). Similarly, the axial growth of the experimental group (0.14±0.09)mm was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.39±0.14)mm (P<0.01). After the withdrawal of atropine eye drops (stage Ⅲ), there was no significant refractive regression in the experimental group. During the whole follow-up period, no serious adverse events related to atropine were found.@*Conclusion@#Local intermittent use of 1% atropine eye drops and the gradual reduction of atropine eye drops can ensure the effectiveness in the treatment of myopia, reducing the side effects of atropine, avoiding refractive regression after drug withdrawal, and improving children s compliance at the same time.

Application of surface electromyography in children with dysphagia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the application value of surface electromyography in children with dysphagia.@*METHODS@#A total of 20 children with dysphagia were enrolled as the observation group, and 20 healthy children, matched for sex and age, were enrolled as the control group. Surface electromyography was used to record the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups in the resting state and the state after water swallowing. The two groups were compared in terms of the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups in the resting state and the state after swallowing 5 mL water. The observation group was observed in terms of the changes in the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups after 1 month of rehabilitation treatment. A Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of the degree of dysphagia with the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups in the observation group.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference between the two groups in the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups in the resting state (P>0.05), while after water swallowing, the observation group had significantly higher electromyography integral values than the control group (P<0.05). The observation group had significant improvements in the clinical symptoms of dysphagia after treatment, with significant reductions in the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups (P<0.05). The severity of dysphagia was positively correlated with the electromyography integral values of the submental and infrahyoid muscle groups (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Surface electromyography is useful in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation for dysphagia in children.

Effects of metoprolol or/and pravastatin on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats / 药学学报

This study investigates the effects of metoprolol (METO) or/and pravastatin (PRAV) on the pharmacokinetics of metformin (METF) in rats. Twenty-eight male SD rats were divided into METF group, METF+METO group, METF+PRAV group and METF+METO+PRAV group. Blood samples were collected at 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480 and 600 min after oral administration of metformin, and concentration of metformin in plasma was determined by HPLC. Compared to the METF group, Cmax of metformin was significantly decreased (P0-t, t1/2 and V were significantly increased in the METF+METO group; t1/2 was significantly decreased in the METF+PRAV group; Cmax was significantly decreased and MRT0-t was significantly increased in the METF+METO+PRAV group. Compared to the METF+METO group, MRT0-t of metformin was significantly decreased in the METF+METO+PRAV group. Compared to the METF+PRAV group, Cmax of metformin was significantly decreased (P0-t, t1/2 and V were significantly increased in the METF+METO+PRAV group. There exist multiple drug interactions of metformin, metoprolol and pravastatin in rats.

Comparison of NT-proBNP in the diagnosis of acute heart failure in different age groups / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the influence of age on the diagnosis of acute heart failure (AHF) with amino terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) ,and to explore the best cut‐off value of NT‐proBNP in the diagnosis of AHF .Methods Totally 457 inpatients suspected with AHF obtained a blood NT‐proBNP measurement within 24 hours when in charged ,including 194 patients with AHF .Patients were divided into three groups according to their age :≤50 years ,>50-70 years and >70 years . The relationship between NT‐proBNPand AHF was analyzed .The diagnostic value of NT‐proBNP was evaluated for AHF in differ‐ent age groups .Results The median NT‐proBNP levels of AHF in all age groups were significantly higher than those without (P50-70 years and >70 years groups were 0 .95 ,0 .91 ,0 .88 ,the best diagnos‐tic cut‐off points were 1 100 ,1 800 ,3 000 pg/mL ,respectively .The diagnostic specificity was 88% ,76% and 73% ,respectively .O‐verall ,the specificity of NT‐proBNP cut‐off values for age group was higher than non‐age groups .Conclusion NT‐proBNP has a good value in the diagnosis of AHF in patients with different ages .According to the age group ,the different NT‐proBNP cut‐off values can be used to improve the specificity of diagnosis .

Clinical study on the incidence of vancomycin intraocular injection in treatment with suppurative endophthalmitis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

? AlM: To estimate the clinical significance of the microculture of humor and vitreous and vancomycin intraocular injection in treatment of suppurative endophthalmitis associated with intraocular foreign bodies. ?METHODS: Totally 65 patients with penetrating eye trauma and retained intraocular foreign bodies in emergency operation and intraocular injection from January 2012 to September 2014 were regarded as the study group, another 62 patients with penetrating eye trauma and retained intraocular foreign bodies in emergency operation without intraocular injection before August 2011 were regarded as the control group. Aqueous humor and vitreous humor were taken from each patient of the study group and the control group for bacteria and fungus cultivation. The study group was treated with 1mg vancomycin intraocular injection after operation, while the control group was not. ?RESULTS: The incidence of endophthalmitis in the control group was 16% ( 10 cases ) , while in the study group was 3% ( 2 cases ) , with significant difference between two groups (x2 =6. 32, P0. 05). The positive rate of vitreous humor germiculture in study group was 14% (9 cases), and the incidence of endophthalmitis was 3%. The positive rate of vitreous humor germiculture in control group was 11% (7 cases) and the incidence of endophthalmitis was 16%, with significant differences between two groups (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSlON: lntraocular foreign bodies treated with emergency operation and vancomycin intraocular injections can decrease the incidence of suppurative endophthalmitis and have a good vision prognosis for the second stage of operation.

Influence of atrial fibrillation on NT-proBNP for diagnosing acute heart failure / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the influence of atrial fibrillation(AF) on N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide(NT‐proB‐NP) for the assist diagnosis of acute heart failure(AHF) .Methods Totally 457 inpatients with suspected AHF due to acute dysp‐nea and conducting blood NT‐proBNP detection and electrocardiogram(ECG) within 24 h of admission were collected and devided into groups according to whether AHF was diagnosed and complicated with AF identified by ECG on admission ,that was AHF +AF group ,AHF + non AF group ,non AHF + AF group ,non AHF + non AF group .The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was adopted to evaluate the value of NT‐proBNP for diagnosing AHF .Results Among 457 cases ,194 cases (42 .5% ) were diagnosed as AHF and 140 cases (42 .5% ) as AF .The NT‐proBNP level in the AF group was significantly higher than that in the non AF group (4 482 .0 pg/mL vs .1 302 .0 pg/mL ,P 0 .05) .The NT‐proBNP level in the non AHF + AF group was significantly increased compared with the non AHF + non AF group (403 .3 pg/mL vs .2 892 .0 pg/mL ,P< 0 .01) .The area under the curve(AUC) of NT‐proBNP for diagnosing AHF in the AF group and the non AF group was 0 .759(95% CI :0 .677 - 0 .841 ,P < 0 .01) and 0 .931(95% CI :0 .903 - 0 .985 ,P < 0 .01) .Conclusion The NT‐proBNP level in AF patients without AHF is significantly increased ,which might affect the value of NT‐proBNP in the diagnosis of AHF .In the clinical applica‐tion ,whether the patient has AF cardiac rhythm should be paid attention to for better interpretating the detection result of NT‐proBNP .

Analysis on death causes of cardiovascular disease cases / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the usual death causes of cardiovascular disease and the differences in gender and age .Methods By adopting the retrospective study method ,the clinical data of death cases in cardiovascular disease were collected and analyze on the situation suffering from cardiovascular disease ,direct death causes ,gender and age difference .Results (1) among 181 cases of cardiovascular disease death ,coronary heart disease(115/181 ,64% ) and hypertension(96/181 ,53% ) were the most common dis-ease ,lung infection(104/181 ,57% ) was the most common complication ;(2)There was no significant difference in the situation suf-fering from basic diseases between male and female(P>0 .05);(3)The basic diseases in cardiovascular death cases aged over 60 years old were dominated by coronary heart disease and hypertension ;the proportion of complicating pulmonary infection was grad-ually increased with age increase ;(4) in the direct death causes ,the top 3 places were sudden cardiac death (44/181 ,24 .3% ) ,multi-ple organ dysfunction syndrome(24/181 ,13 .3% ) and cardiogenic shock(24/181 ,13 .3% ) .Conclusion Strengthening the manage-ment of diagnosis and treatment on elderly patients with coronary heart disease ,hypertension ,especially those complicating diabe-tes ,strengthening the treatment intervention of lung infection in cardiovascular disease population and conducting the emphasis pro-tection on the target organ function may reduce the mortality of cardiovascular inpatients .

Investigation on dietary nutrients among rural stranded children of 2-7 year olds in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the dietary nutrients among rural stranded children.Methods 2551 children aged 2 to 7, including 1278 stranded children in the rural areas and another 1273 children served as controls were selected, using multistage stratified cluster random sampling. Dietary survey was performed with three-day weighing dietary method and questionnaire on food intake. Data on diet were analyzed and evaluated by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) recommend by Chinese Nutrition Society, to evaluate the levels on energy and nutrient intake among stranded children in the rural areas. Results The dietary pattern among rural stranded children mainly consisted of grains and vegetables, but the intakes of animal products, fruits, and snacks were significantly less than in the control group. The intakes of three major energy-producing nutrients were below the recommend nutrient intake. Minerals as calcium, zinc, selenium, kalium and vitamins as vitamin A, B1, B2were insufficient.Most of the rural stranded children took nutrients insufficiently, with 50% lack of adequate energy and 80% of protein, 90% of minerals (calcium, zinc etc.) and vitamins (vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 etc.).Sources from high quality protein was insufficient, only consisting 35% of the total protein, but overabundant (over 64 % ) from the plants. The intake of plant-sourced iron was overabundant, accounted for 87%. Conclusion The dietary pattern was unsatisfactory with insufficient intake of energy-sourced proteins and some nutrients. The sources of energy, protein, and iron were mostly obtained from underbalaneed foods. It is necessary to improve the dietary nutrients status among rural stranded children aged 2-7 years.

Study on Population of Bacterial Physiological Groups in Tomato with Different Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum / 微生物学通报

The population of bacterial physiological groups in tomato with different resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum was studied. The results suggested that endophytic bacterial communities and population in tomato variety changed with different resistant cultivars, different stages of tomato and seasons. It was con-ducted that the amount of ammoniation bacteria was the highest among the seven physiological bacterial groups. There were more ammoniation bacteria in high resistant tomato cultivars than that in high suscepti-ble cultivars. It may indicate that ammoniation bacteria played a key role in the occurrence of tomato bacte-rial wilt. In addition, the total amount of physiological bacteria in resistant cultivars was more than that in susceptible cultivars in different stages of tomato, and the tendency of changing displayed fluctuation. The average level of quantities of the ammoniation bacteria, nitrifiers bacteria, erobic nitogenfixing bacteria and desulphate reducer bacteria in summer were higher than that in winter, while the population of the sulphate reduced bacteria in winter was higher than that in summer. Furthermore, the amount of anaerobic bacteria was the least among them.

Effect of berberine on nitric oxide release of rat intestinal mucous microvascular endothelial cells / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of berberine on the release of nitric oxide (NO) by rat intestinal mucous microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) cultured in vitro for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of berberine in treating intestinal disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured RIMECs in vitro were identified adopting immunofluorescent stain with factor VIII-related antigen. NO level in the supernatant of normal cell culture or cell culture treated with different concentrations of berberine was detected with colorimetry at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th h and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with that in the normal control group, NO level increased more obviously in the berberine treated groups, and the best effect was shown in the 5 microg/mL berberine treated group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>One of the important pharmacological mechanisms of berberine might be through promoting the endogenous NO release to induce endothelium-dependent dilatation of microvascular in intestinal mucosa, thus to improve the local microcirculation of intestine.</p>

Changes of Adrenodullin and C-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Children with Chronic Heart Failure / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of plasma adrenodullin(ADM) and C-type natriuretic peptide(CNP) level in children with chronic heart failure(CHF) and its clinical implications.Methods Forty-two children with CHF were collected.The patients suffered from dilated cardiomyopathy,congenital heart defects,and other heart diseases.According to a modified scoring system described by Ross and Reithman,16 patients were classified as class Ⅱ,14 as class Ⅲ,and 12 as class Ⅳ.Plasma levels of ADM and CNP were measured by radioimmunoassay assay in these patients and 11 healthy children.Echocardiography was performed to measure left ventricular function and the ratio of E/A.Results Plasma ADM and CNP levels of CHF patients were significantly elevated as compared with those of the control subjects [(218.27?106.53) ng/L vs(74.39?53.99) ng/L,P=0;(190.27?108.38) ng/L vs(92.59?(59.46) ng/L),P0.05).ADM levels were elevated with the advancing severity of CHF determined by a modified scoring system described by Ross.However,the plasma CNP levels in the normal state wasn′t significantly different from those observed in class Ⅱ.Likewise,the plasma CNP level in the class Ⅲ was not significantly different from that observed in class Ⅱ.Conclusions ADM and CNP might play a compensatory and defensive roles in the pathophysiology of the pediatric CHF.ADM may be a biochemical marker for evaluation the severity of the chronic heart failure in children,but also a new prognostic indicator of this syndrome.

Changes of Interleukin-18 and Lymphocyte CD_(54) in Children with Congestive Heart Failure / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To discover the role of interleukin-18(IL-18) and CD_(54) in congestive heart failure(CHF),and evaluate the diagnostic value of IL-18 and CD_(54) in CHF.Methods Blood samples were collected from 52 children with CHF,included 18 cases in classⅡ,17 cases in class Ⅲand 17 cases in class Ⅳ.Fifteen healthy children were normal control group.The levels of IL-18 was(detec-)ted by ELISA method and the expression of CD_(54) was examined by flow cytometry.Results The levels of IL-18 and CD_(54) in CHF were significantly higher than those of control subjects(P0.05),but the levels were respectively significantly higher than that of control subjects(P

Effect of electroacupuncture on expression of IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive substance in spinal cord of the rat / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effect of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-like immunoreactive substance in spinal cord of the rat and to probe the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive positive cell number in spinal cord of the rat was investigated with immunohistochemical SP method and microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36), IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive positive cell number in the spinal cord of the rat with electroacupuncture plus immunosuppression did not significantly change (P > 0.05). The number of positive cells in the dorsal horn in the rats with immunosuppression was significantly less than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05) with no significant change in other parts and with no significant difference between the electroacupuncture group and the control group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) can increase expression of IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive substance in spinal cord of the rat, and acupuncture activates the nerve-immunoregulative network possibly by IFN-gamma as medium.</p>

Examination of serum hyaluronic acid level in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the level of hyaluronic acid (HA) in serum of patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy and to investigate the correlation between the levels of serum HA and stage of the malignant lesions and treatment response.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>44 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy were analyzed and 24 healthy individuals served as controls. Venous blood was collected from the patients before treatment and the healthy individuals. One week after therapy, venous blood were collected in 24 patients once again. Serum levels of HA were measured with quantitative radioimmunoassay (RIA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before treatment, the serum HA concentration in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy was significantly higher than that of the controls (P < 0.05). Also, the serum HA concentration in patients with OSCC was significantly higher than that of the controls (P < 0.05). No difference was noted in serum HA concentration between patients with salivary ACC and the control group (P > 0.05). The serum HA concentration of patients in stage III and IV was significantly higher than that of patients in stage I and II (P < 0.05). Serum HA levels decreased in patients after a complete treatment, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum levels of HA may be useful in diagnosis of OSCC and was associated with clinical stages in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy. However, it may not be contributory to monitoring treatment response in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy.</p>

Treatment of primary hepatic cancer with portal venous tumor thrombosis / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate an effective method of treating primary hepatic cancer(PHC) with portal venous tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Methods The clinical data Of 23 patients with PHC and PVTT were retrospectivly analysed. Results Of the 23 patieats after hepatoma resection and PVTT extraction, continuous micro dose infusion chemotherapy or perfusion chemotherapy by DDS was adopted. In 8 patients with main portal vein tumor thrombus, 2 died, 4 recured in 6 months. In 8 patients with the first class branch of portal vein tumor thrombus, 2 recurrd in 6 months and 6 recurred in 12 months. In 4 patients with secondary class branch of portal vein tumor thrombus, l recurred in 12 months (P