Group A Streptococcal infections are still not negligible / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Recently, there have been outbreaks of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection in foreign countries.The reasons are varied.With the relaxation of control for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection, it is very likely that concurrent or secondary GAS infection peaks will occur at the same time as the number of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) cases increases dramatically.Children are generally susceptible to GAS and are more vulnerable.In response to possible outbreaks, early identification of GAS infections and rational use of antibiotics are particularly important.

Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from children in Shenzhen / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes, namely β-hemolytic Group A Streptococcus (GAS) in children in Shenzhen. Methods:Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data on the epidemic clonal population of GAS infection in children in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.In the present study, 32 GAS strains belonging to 7 different emm types were from 32 children′s with impetigo, cellulitis, scarlet fever, sepsis, pneumonia, obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, bronchitis, allergy with rhinitis, buttock abscess, allergic purpura or pharyngeal tonsillitis, which were isolated from 23 throat swabs, 5 sputum samples, 3 pus and 1 blood.Using polymerase chain reaction technology, 7 pairs of allelic housekeeping genes ( gki, gtr, murI, mutS, recP, xpt and yqiL) of 32 GAS isolates were analyzed, and the target gene products were subjected to sequencing.Then the obtained gene sequences of each allele were submitted to the MLST database to obtain the allele profile.Finally, the allele profiles were introduced in the MLST database again to confirm the sequence typing (ST). Results:The GAS clone groups of emm 1.00 and its subtypes, emm 4.00, emm 12.00 and its subtypes, emm 22.00, emm 28.00, emm 75.00, and emm 89.00 belonged to the sequence typing ST28, ST39, ST36, ST46, ST52, ST49, and ST921, respectively. Conclusions:From 2016 to 2018, the MLST clone populations of GAS isolates causing infections in children in Shenzhen are classified as ST28, ST39, ST36, ST46, ST52, ST49 and ST921.

Epidemiology, prevention and control strategy of Group A Streptococcus infection / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

As a pathogen of public health significance, group A Streptococcus (GAS) infects 18.1 million people and leads to 500 000 deaths all over the world every year.GAS is often transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact with damaged skin.Children, the elderly and immunocompromised people are highly susceptible to GAS infection.Schools, kindergartens, hospitals, nursing homes and other densely populated areas are high-risk areas for GAS transmission.Prevention and control measures should highlight the improvement of living conditions and hand hygiene.Adherence to infection prevention and control measures should be emphasized in high-risk environments.In this paper, the risk factors, prevention and control strategies of GAS infection and transmission were summarized, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of GAS.

Acute necrotizing fasciitis and Group A Streptococcus / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Acute necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and life-threatening soft-tissue infection characterized by the rapid spread of inflammation and subsequent necrosis of the fascial planes and surrounding tissue.Its fatality rate in children reaches up to 10%.Group A Streptococcus is the common cause of acute necrotizing fasciitis.Patients with this disease should be treated promptly with antibiotics and surgical debridement.

Chinese experts′ consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Group A Streptococcus infection related diseases in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a very important pathogen, especially for children.On a global scale, GAS is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.But the burden of disease caused by GAS is still unknown in China and also has not obtained enough attention.For this purpose, the expert consensus is comprehensively described in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of GAS diseases in children, covering related aspects of pneumology, infectiology, immunology, microbiology, cardiology, nephrology, critical care medicine and preventive medicine.Accordingly, the consensus document was intended to improve management strategies of GAS disease in Chinese children.

Pay attention to the progress of monkeypox epidemic and the clinical management of monkeypox in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Monkeypox outbreaks began in non-endemic countries in 2022, and the World Health Organization declared this outbreak a public health emergency of international concern.Although most cases present with mild symptoms, children are still a susceptible population.The expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of monkeypox in children of China was published on July 5, 2022.This article supplements with the latest Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations on monkeypox in children.

Pay attention to the progress of monkeypox epidemic and the clinical management of monkeypox in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Monkeypox outbreaks began in non-endemic countries in 2022, and the World Health Organization declared this outbreak a public health emergency of international concern.Although most cases present with mild symptoms, children are still a susceptible population.The expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of monkeypox in children of China was published on July 5, 2022.This article supplements with the latest Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations on monkeypox in children.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of monkeypox in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.Previous studies have shown that children are vulnerable to monkeypox and are also at high risk for severe disease or complications.In order to improve pediatricians′ understanding of monkeypox and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and early disposal, the committee composed of more than 40 experts in the related fields of infectious diseases, pediatrics, infection control and public health formulate this expert consensus, on the basis of the latest clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox released by the World Health Organization (WHO), the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (version 2022) issued by National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and other relevant documents.During the development of this consensus, multidisciplinary experts have repeatedly demonstrated the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, prevention, case management process and key points of prevention and control about monkeypox.

Concern about monkeypox in many countries / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

New infectious disease threats, caused by movement of people globally, remain omnipresent.In recent days, unprecedented cases of human monkeypox have been reported in Europe, the Americas and Australia.Which is enough to arouse people′s great attention.This article summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, transmission route, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and prevention of monkeypox, so as to improve the understanding of this disease and take preventive measures as soon as possible.

Observation on the composition and distribution of human papillomavirus infection and its aging changes in female genital tract of Zhuang and Han nationality in Guangxi / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To study the composition and distribution of human papillomavirus(HPV)in female genital tract of Zhuang and Han nationality in Guangxi.Methods:The composition and distribution of cervical human papillomavirus(HPV)infection in Han and Zhuang women visiting Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from August 2012 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed to provide the basic data for prevention and treatment of HPV infection.A total of 20 736 cases were divided into Han nationality group(n=16 390 cases)and Zhuang nationality group(n=4 346 cases). Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to detect HPV type 21 and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of cervical HPV in women of different ethnic groups in this area.Results:In the 20, 736 cases, the proportion of positive HPV was 27.0%(5 591/20, 736). Among them, positive HPV accounted for 27.7%(4 536)in the Han group, and 24.3%(1 055)in Zhuang group, which were statistically significant( χ2=20.17, P<0.01). Peak age of infection in Zhuang women was more than 65 years.The most common HPV genotypes in both ethnics groups in Guangxi were HPV 16, 52, 58, 18, and 53.In women with positive HPV, the constituent ratio of HPV16 and HPV 52 rose with age ageing, while constituent ratio of HPV 6 and 11 presented the opposite trend. Conclusions:The HPV and HR(high-risk)-HPV positive composition ratio is lower in Zhuang women than in Han women in Guangxi.Among Han and Zhuang females, HPV 16, 52, 58, 18 and 53 have the highest positive composition ratio.HPV genotyping shows an age-increasing change.

The mediating effect of conflict management model between perceived social support and psychological distress of psychiatric nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To examine the relationship between conflict management model, perceived social support and psychological distress in psychiatric nurses, and to analyze the mediating effect of conflict management model in the relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress in psychiatric nurses.Methods:In November 2019, a total of 208 nurses in Shandong Mental Health Center were investigated with General Demography Questionnaire, Nurses' Interpersonal Conflict Handling Form Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale.Results:The total score of psychological distress of psychiatric nurses was 22.74±7.71, and the level of psychological distress was negatively correlated with the integrated conflict management model and perceived social support ( r values were -0.329--0.266, P<0.001). The most commonly used conflict management model of psychiatric nurses was "integration". The integrated conflict management model had a partial mediating effect in perceived social support and psychological distress, and the mediating effect accounted for 20.2% of the total effect. Conclusions:Psychological distress of psychiatric nurses is at a moderate to severe level, and integrated conflict management model and perceived social support play an important role in reducing psychological distress of psychiatric nurses. Nursing administrators should carry out relevant intervention studies to improve nurse-patient conflict and guide nurses to adopt integrated conflict management model to reduce psychological distress and improve mental health level.

The mediation effect of psychiatric nurses' communication ability on the relationship between personality characteristics and conflict management patterns / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the relationship between psychiatric nurses' communication ability, personality characteristics and conflict management patterns, and to provide a basis for training psychiatric nurses' conflict management ability courses.Methods:A convenient sampling method was used to investigate and investigate 208 nurses in the first-line clinical hospitals of a third-class psychiatric hospital, used the nurses′ clinical communication ability scale, the nurse′s interpersonal conflict management morphology scale, and the simplified version of the Chinese Big Five Personality Questionnaire.Results:Integration dimension (18.67±2.58) points, concession dimension (12.93±2.43) points, escape dimension (14.05±2.02) points, dominance dimension (14.49±3.06) points, and integration dimension and gender ( t value was -2.57, P=0.01)), education ( F value was 3.76, P=0.02), technical title ( F value was 3.03, P=0.02), position ( t value was 2.08, P=0.03), whether to participate in nurse-patient communication training ( t value was 2.54, P=0.02). Nurses with pleasant personality could better deal with interpersonal conflict ( r=0.361, P<0.01), and the nurse′s personality had a direct effect on the form of interpersonal conflict ( P=0.036, 95% CI 0.107-0.422), the nurse′s communication ability plays a part of indirect effect ( P=0.031, 95% CI 0.001-0.063). Conclusion:The form of interpersonal conflict management of psychiatric nurses was closely related to communication ability and personality characteristics. Nursing managers could carry out targeted training to improve the conflict management ability of nursing staff.

The impact of perceived organizational support and self-efficacy on nursing handover among psychiatric nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the situation of nursing handover among psychiatric nurses, and explore the association between perceived organizational support, self-efficacy and quality of nursing handover.Methods:A total of 186 clinical nurses in Shandong Mental Health Center were enrolled by convenience sampling method. They were assessed with handover evaluation scale, perceived organizational support scale and general self-efficacy scale for the evaluation of nursing handover, perceived organizational support and self-efficacy.Results:The average score of quality of nursing handover was 5.85±1.14, and bi-variate correlations were found between perceived organizational support, self-efficacy and quality of nursing handover. Self-efficacy could mediate the relationship between organizational support and nursing handover, and the value of mediating effect was 13.4%.Conclusions:Self-efficacy might mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support and nursing handover among psychiatric nurses.

Levels of serum let-7 and miR-26b in patients with diabetes mellitus and their relationships with insulin resistance / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the expressions of let-7 and microRNA-26b (miR-26b) in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their relationships with insulin resistance (IR).Methods:60 newly diagnosed patients with T2DM from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected as the T2DM group, and 70 healthy people in the same period were selected as the control group. The clinical data of the two groups were collected and the expression levels of let-7 and miR-26b in serum were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression levels of let-7 and miR-26b in serum of patients with T2DM and their correlations with other clinical indicators were observed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive values of let-7 and miR-26b levels in serum for IR in patients with T2DM.Results:Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the T2DM group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05), while insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β) were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The serum levels of let-7 and miR-26b in patients in T2DM group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The serum levels of let-7 and miR-26b in patients in T2DM group were negatively correlated with TC, TG, HbA1c, FPG, FINS and HOMA-IR ( P<0.05), and positively correlated with ISI and HOMA-β ( P<0.05). ISI, HOMA-IR and the serum levels of let-7 and miR-26b were independent risk factors for IR in patients with T2DM ( P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of serum let-7 expression predicting IR in patients with T2DM was 0.858, and the best cut-off value was 0.73, with sensitivity and specificity 77.50% and 80.00% respectively. The AUC of miR-26b in serum predicted the occurrence of IR in patients with T2DM was 0.908, and the best cut-off value was 0.60, with sensitivity and specificity 80.00% and 92.50%. Conclusions:The expression levels of let-7 and miR-26b in serum of patients with T2DM are significantly decreased, both of them may participate in the occurrence and development of IR, and have certain predictive value for the occurrence of IR in patients with T2DM, while miR-26b is more effective.

Relation of perceived social support,job insecurity and psychological distress among clinical nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To examine the potential mediating effect of perceived social support on job insecurity and psychological distress among clinical nurses. Methods A total of 462 clinical nurses in Shandong Province were selected by convenience sampling method. They were assessed with job insecurity scale, perceived social support and 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ( K10) for the evaluation of job insecurity, self-esteem and psychological distress. Results The mean score of K10 was (23.72 ± 7.22) points among clinical nurses, and 85.9% (397/462) of them had psychological distress problems. The K10 scores were positively correlated with the scores of job insecurity (r=-0.282, P＜0.01), and the K10 scores were negatively correlated with perceived social support scores (r=-0.282, P＜0.01). Job insecurity was negatively correlated with perceived social support (r =-0.365, P＜0.01). The confidence interval from Bootstrap method indicated perceived social support played a partial mediating role between job insecurity and psychological distress,and the value of mediating effect was 13.7% . Conclusion The relation of perceived social support to job insecurity and psychological distress among clinical nurses are intimate. Perceived social support might mediate the relationship between job insecurity and psychological distress.

Role of self-efficacy in the relationship between self-acceptance and positive coping style of psychiatric nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy, self-acceptance and coping style, and to explore the intermediary role of psychiatric nurses′self-efficacy in self-acceptance and positive coping style. Methods Totally 813 clinical nurses in 6 prefectural and municipal psychiatric hospitals in Shandong Province were investigated with general information questionnaire, simple coping style scale and self-acceptance questionnaire, and the results were analyzed. Results The scores of self-efficacy and positive coping styles of psychiatric nurses were (2.40 ± 0.54) and (2.09 ±0.47) points.The difference was statistically significant (t=-15.072, 12.76, P<0.01), the total score of self-acceptance was (42.28 ±4.91) points, the score of self-acceptance factor was (21.76 ±3.60) points, the score of self-evaluation factor was (20.53 ± 3.36) points. There was no significant difference compared with the domestic norm (P>0.05). Positive coping style was positively correlated with self-efficacy, self-acceptance and self-evaluation (P < 0.01), negative coping style was negatively correlated with self-acceptance and self-evaluation (P<0.01). Self-acceptance and self-efficacy were important predictors of coping style, Self-efficacy plays an intermediary role in self-acceptance and coping style, and the mediating effect was 0.155, 95% CI (0.117- 0.202). Conclusion Improving self- efficacy of psychiatric nurses was one of the effective ways to improve coping style of nurses.

Investigation on work burnout of psychiatric nurses and its influencing factors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of work burnout of psychiatric nurses, and to provide theoretical basis for formulating intervention strategies for work burnout of psychiatric nurses. Methods A questionnaire was conducted on 812 nurses selected from 6 tertiary A psychiatric hospitals in Shandong province as the research object by stratified random sampling, and the questionnaire was conducted by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and Emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ). Results There were significant differences in job burnout among psychiatric nurses with different educational background, age, nurse-patient conflict and income level. There were significant differences in the dimensions of job burnout among psychiatric nurses with different titles (P< 0.05), There were significant differences in emotional exhaustion (F=8.417, P=0.000) and depersonalization level (F=7.918, P=0.000) between psychiatric nurses with different frequency of nurse-patient conflict .There were significant differences in affective exhaustion (F=6.426, P=0.002) and personal accomplishment (F=3.444, P=0.032) between psychiatric nurses with different monthly income levels. Psychiatric nurses'age, working years, psychological distress, cognitive reappraisal, inhibition of expression were associated with job burnout(r=0.075～0.570).Regression analysis revealed that the factors impacting emotion exhaustion (R2=0.374, F=81.627, P=0.000) and depersonalization (R2=0.240, F=65.014, P=0.000) were psychological distress, inhibition of expression, cognitive reappraisal, conflict between nurses and patients. The factors impacting diminished personal accomplishment (R2=0.199, F=68.332, P=0.000) were psychological distress, cognitive reappraisal and age. Conclusions The work fatigue of psychiatric nurses was at the moderate level.Emotional regulation and psychological distress were the influencing factors of job burnout .Nursing administrators in psychiatric department should pay attention to the improvement of nurses' sense of burnout, improve the ability of nurses' emotional management, cultivate positive mood and behavior pattern, reduce anxiety and depression and so on, so as to effectively improve the mental health level of nurses in psychiatric department.

Relation of perceived social support, job insecurity and psychological distress among clinical nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To examine the potential mediating effect of perceived social support on job insecurity and psychological distress among clinical nurses.@*Methods@#A total of 462 clinical nurses in Shandong Province were selected by convenience sampling method. They were assessed with job insecurity scale, perceived social support and 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) for the evaluation of job insecurity, self-esteem and psychological distress.@*Results@#The mean score of K10 was (23.72±7.22) points among clinical nurses, and 85.9% (397/462) of them had psychological distress problems. The K10 scores were positively correlated with the scores of job insecurity (r=-0.282, P<0.01), and the K10 scores were negatively correlated with perceived social support scores (r = -0.282, P<0.01). Job insecurity was negatively correlated with perceived social support (r = -0.365, P<0.01). The confidence interval from Bootstrap method indicated perceived social support played a partial mediating role between job insecurity and psychological distress, and the value of mediating effect was 13.7%.@*Conclusion@#The relation of perceived social support to job insecurity and psychological distress among clinical nurses are intimate. Perceived social support might mediate the relationship between job insecurity and psychological distress.

Role of self-efficacy in the relationship between self-acceptance and positive coping style of psychiatric nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy, self-acceptance and coping style, and to explore the intermediary role of psychiatric nurses′ self-efficacy in self-acceptance and positive coping style.@*Methods@#Totally 813 clinical nurses in 6 prefectural and municipal psychiatric hospitals in Shandong Province were investigated with general information questionnaire, simple coping style scale and self-acceptance questionnaire, and the results were analyzed.@*Results@#The scores of self-efficacy and positive coping styles of psychiatric nurses were (2.40 ±0.54) and (2.09 ±0.47) points.The difference was statistically significant (t=-15.072, 12.76, P < 0.01), the total score of self-acceptance was (42.28 ±4.91) points, the score of self-acceptance factor was (21.76 ±3.60) points, the score of self-evaluation factor was (20.53 ±3.36) points. There was no significant difference compared with the domestic norm (P>0.05). Positive coping style was positively correlated with self-efficacy, self-acceptance and self-evaluation (P < 0.01), negative coping style was negatively correlated with self-acceptance and self-evaluation (P<0.01). Self-acceptance and self-efficacy were important predictors of coping style, Self-efficacy plays an intermediary role in self-acceptance and coping style, and the mediating effect was 0.155, 95%CI (0.117-0.202).@*Conclusion@#Improving self-efficacy of psychiatric nurses was one of the effective ways to improve coping style of nurses.

Investigation on work burnout of psychiatric nurses and its influencing factors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of work burnout of psychiatric nurses, and to provide theoretical basis for formulating intervention strategies for work burnout of psychiatric nurses.@*Methods@#A questionnaire was conducted on 812 nurses selected from 6 tertiary A psychiatric hospitals in Shandong province as the research object by stratified random sampling, and the questionnaire was conducted by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and Emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ).@*Results@#There were significant differences in job burnout among psychiatric nurses with different educational background, age, nurse-patient conflict and income level. There were significant differences in the dimensions of job burnout among psychiatric nurses with different titles (P< 0.05), There were significant differences in emotional exhaustion (F=8.417, P=0.000) and depersonalization level (F=7.918, P=0.000) between psychiatric nurses with different frequency of nurse-patient conflict.There were significant differences in affective exhaustion (F=6.426, P=0.002) and personal accomplishment (F=3.444, P=0.032) between psychiatric nurses with different monthly income levels. Psychiatric nurses' age, working years, psychological distress, cognitive reappraisal, inhibition of expression were associated with job burnout (r=0.075~0.570) . Regression analysis revealed that the factors impacting emotion exhaustion (R2=0.374, F=81.627, P=0.000) and depersonalization (R2=0.240, F=65.014, P=0.000) were psychological distress, inhibition of expression, cognitive reappraisal, conflict between nurses and patients. The factors impacting diminished personal accomplishment (R2=0.199, F=68.332, P=0.000) were psychological distress, cognitive reappraisal and age.@*Conclusions@#The work fatigue of psychiatric nurses was at the moderate level. Emotional regulation and psychological distress were the influencing factors of job burnout.Nursing administrators in psychiatric department should pay attention to the improvement of nurses' sense of burnout, improve the ability of nurses' emotional management, cultivate positive mood and behavior pattern, reduce anxiety and depression and so on, so as to effectively improve the mental health level of nurses in psychiatric department.