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After multidisciplinary treatment including radiotherapy, the median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains approximately 1 year. The heterogeneity of the genome and proteome of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) is the fundamental factor affecting the prognosis. Proteomics-based sensitization of key radioresistance proteins is expected to improve the prognosis of GBM patients. In this article, literature review was conducted from PubMed and other databases in the previous 10 years to systematically discuss the research progress on various commonly used protein quantitative techniques, tools for data processing analysis and the application in radioresistance and radiosensitization of GSCs.
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After multidisciplinary treatment including radiotherapy,the median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains approximately 1 year.The heterogeneity of the genome and proteome of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) is the fundamental factor affecting the prognosis.Proteomics-based sensitization of key radioresistance proteins is expected to improve the prognosis of GBM patients.In this article,literature review was conducted from PubMed and other databases in the previous 10 years to systematically discuss the research progress on various commonly used protein quantitative techniques,tools for data processing analysis and the application in radioresistance and radiosensitization of GSCs.
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Objective@#To evaluate the precision of image registration between MRI simulation (MRIsim) and CT simulation compared to diagnostic MRI(MRIdiag) and to provide information for further application of MRIsim.@*Methods@#A total of 24 patients who underwent both MRIsim and MRIdiag were enrolled, including 8 patients with gliomas, 8 with nasopharyngeal carcinomas and 8 with prostate cancers. MRIsim and MRIdiag images of each patient were fused with CT. The OARs were delineated on three modalities of images and targets were delineated on fusion image of MRIsim with CT (F_CTMsim) and fusion image of MRIdiag with CT (F_CTMdiag) respectively. The concordance index (CI), Dice′s similarity coefficient (DSC) between the OARs and image similarity index (S) based on images from MRIsim, MRIdiag and CT were evaluated. IMRT plans were designed based targets on F_CTMsim and OARs on CT images, and differences in dosimetry of targets and OARs were evaluated subsequently.@*Results@#Volumes of most OAR from three modalities of images showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). All the CI and DSC between the OARs derived from MRIsim and CT were higher than those corresponding values from MRIdiag, and a statistically significant difference was achieved in 50% of these OARs (t=2.58-5.47, P<0.05). The S values of MRIsim and MRIdiag compared with CT were 0.89 and 0.83 respectively (t=5.77, P<0.05). MRIsim improved the S value by 10% (2%-56%) compared with MRIdiag. No further differences in dosimetry were found on all OARs and all targets(P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The precision of image registration can be significantly improved by introducing MRIsim into radiotherapy planning design compared with MRIdiag. However, no significant differences in dosimetry were found on targets produced by rigid registration and manual adjustment method .
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Objective To explore the effects of various radiation doses on the NFAT3/c4 signaling pathway and the improvement effect of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)on this pathway. Methods Four groups of one-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats received radiation doses of 0,2,10,and 20 Gy, respectively, in a single radiation. At three days after radiation, exogenous BDNF was injected stereotaxically into the bilateral hippocampus. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to assess the levels of NFAT3/c4-related proteins in the hippocampus. Results The results of Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that the level of NFAT3/c4 was reduced in a dose-and time-dependent manner after ionizing radiation. Compared with the radiation alone group,the ionizing radiation plus BDNF group had significantly increased levels of NFAT3/c4 and CaN with increases in radiation dose and time. Conclusions Whole brain radiotherapy inhibits the CaN/NFAT3/c4 signaling pathway. Exogenous BDNF can promote the NFAT-dependent transcription and then improve the cognitive function.
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Objective To investigate the difference of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) changes in three major salivary glands after gustatory stimulation using two different stimuli. Methods Thirty healthy volunteers were examined with a 1.5 T MR unit. A diffusion-weighted MR imaging (MR DWI) sequence was performed once at rest and continuously repeated 13 times after gustatory stimulation using a commercially available lemon juice and vitamin C tablets in the same volunteer by using self-controlled method. The subsequence of two stimuli was random. In addition, the salivary flow rates at rest and after stimulation were measured. Characteristics and differences in ADCs curves of three salivary glands before and after stimulation between two stimuli were analyzed. Comparison of maximum ADCs, maximum ADCs increase rates (IRs) and times to maximum ADCs(Tmax) between two stimuli was performed by using independent-samples t test. Correlation analysis between rest salivary flow rates and rest ADCs, the maximum salivary flow rates and ADCs after stimulation, the maximum salivary flow IRs and ADC IRs after stimulation were performed by using Pearson correlation test. Results In lemon juice stimulation group, the mean ADCs mostly showed a steady increase to peak values during the first DW MRI scan after stimulation in all glands, followed by a gradually decrease fluctuating slightly around the baseline values. In vitamin C stimulation group, the mean ADCs were significantly increased in all glands during the first DW MRI scan after stimulation, followed by a gradual upward trend till peak values. In lemon juice stimulation group, the mean Tmax of submandibular and sublingual glands[(184±122)s, (345±232)s, respectively] were significantly earlier than those[(454 ± 301)s, (528 ± 297)s, respectively] in vitamin C stimulation group (t=-3.517 and-2.548 respectively, P0.05). Conclusion MR DWI with transient stimulation using lemon juice is more stable for evaluating the physiologic changes of salivary glands in vivo.
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Objective To compare the dosimetry between inversely optimised intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy using the field-in-field technique (FIF) for whole-breast radiotherapy with a boost to the tumor bed after breast-conserving surgery.Methods IMRT and FIF treatment plans were respectively performed and optimised for 9 patients with early stage leftbreast cancer after breast-concerving surgery.The prescribed dose of breast was 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions,1.8 Gy per fraction and that of tumor bed was 61.6 Gy in 28 fractions,2.2 Gy per fraction.The conformity index,the dose and volume for OAR( organs at risks),time of planning and treatment for the two plans were compared.Results The conformity index(CI) for IMRT was improved compared with the FIF in breast [(1.82±0.16) vs.(2.21±0.15)] and tumor bed [(1.19±0.04) vs.(1.59±0.11),t=2.08,3.97,P ＜ 0.05 ].There was no difference for V20 of ipsilateral lung and V30 of heart between two plans.The Dmax and Dmean of the contralateral lung of FIF were (5.41 ±2.76) and (0.51 ±0.10) Gy,lower than those of IMRT [ (25.72 ± 2.61 ) and (7.46 ± 0.39) Gy,t =-22.44,- 21.14,P ＜ 0.05 ].The Dmax and Dmean of the contralateral breast of FIF were (8.50 ± 5.61 ) and (0.47 ± 0.11 ) Gy,lower than those of IMRT [(27.73±4.30) and (6.38±0.48) Gy,t=-5.66,-14.83,P＜0.05].ForFIF,theV5of the contralateral lung and breast were (0.09 ± 0.09) ％ and (0.45 ± 0.45 ) ％,respectively,lower than those of IMRT,which were (84.66 ±3.06) ％ and (60.79 ±4.94)％ (t =-28.19,- 12.80,P＜0.05).The time of optimised plan was (61.57 ± 0.89) min for FIF and(241.28 ± 1.06) min for IMRT (t=-32.35,P＜0.05),and that of treatment were (16.14±1.42) min for FIF and (29.85 ±0.59) min for IMRT (t =- 8.82,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions For patients with early stage breast cancer after breast-concerving surgery,IMRT could improve the conformity index of target but increase the dose of eontralateral lung and breast.However,FIF has advantage on the time of optimising plan and treatment.