[ effect of diclofenac sodium injection on stomach of male rats]

Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID]. It is widely used because of its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the effects of intramuscular injection of diclofenac sodium in therapeutic and high doses for different periods on the stomach of rats. Forty young adult male albino rats ranging from 180-220 g body weight were used. They were divided into 5 groups of 8 animals for each. Group A and B were the control groups, they received intramuscular injection of normal saline for 7 and 14 weeks respectively. Group C received intramuscular injection of therapeutic doses of diclofenac sodium [2.2 mg/kg/day] for 7 weeks. Group D received therapeutic doses of diclofenac sodium intramuscularly for 14 weeks, while group E was administered intramuscular injection of high doses of diclofenac sodium [11 mg/kg/day] for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the stomachs were obtained from all groups for light microscopic examinations. No changes were observed in stomachs of groups A, B and C, while in group D there were destruction of glandular architecture, damage of surface epithelium and submucosal blood vessels congestion. Group E reveals destruction and shedding of surface epithelium, necrosis in the gastric mucosa with mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration, in addition to submucosal blood vessels congestion, edema and hemorrhage. Diclofenac sodium is safe and cause no gastric damage when administered intramuscularly as a single daily therapeutic dose in young adult rats for 7 weeks or less, but it causes gastric damage when the period of administration or the dose of the drug increase [i.e gastric damage depends on the period of exposure and the dose of the drug]

Hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases in Algeria people

Epidemiological research has shown that elevated total homocysteine [thcy] is a risk factor for atherosclerosis disease. This study was carried in symptomatic patients with cardiovascular disease n= 63 and asymptomatic n= 27. There was a significant decrease in Total-cholesterol [3.65mmol/l +/- 1.25] and HDL-cholesterol [0.84mmol/l +/- 0.48] in symptomatic patients and compared with asymptomatic the concentration of Total-cholesterol was [4.12mmol/l +/- 0.84] and HDL-cholesterol was [1.17mmol/l +/- 0.54]. The concentration of enzymes LDH, CK and ALP [271.47units/l +/- 129.18, 121.34units/l +/- 142.50 and 232.57units/l +/- 95.72], respectively in symptomatic patient and in asymptomatic control group were [170units/l +/- 46.3, 74.3units/l +/- 38.5 and 50 and 132.73units/l +/- 59.81], respectively, these values are increased significantly between two groups. The main values of thiols [homocysteine; cysteinylglycine, glutathione oxidized and reduced] were higher in patients with cardiovasculardisease [10.21micro mol/l +/- 5.59, 32.38 micro mol/l +/- 22.34, 17.91 micro mol/l +/- 8.83 and 32.96 micro mol/l +/- 17.34], respectively than in asymptomatic subjects where the concentration of thiols were [7.67 micro mol/l +/- 2.66, 25.48 micro mol/l +/- 11.11, 6.66 micro mol/l +/- 2.79 and 12.09 micro mol/l +/- 5.18]. The main value of homocysteine [12.89 micro mol/l +/- 4.59] was increased highly and significantly in symptomatic postmenopausal women in contrast to homocysteine concentration [8.45 micro mol/l +/- 4.94] in male patients. Our study suggests that plasma level total homocysteine is an independent risk factor in atherogenic process

Antiphospholipid syndrome and retinal vein occlusion in adults

Antiphospholipid antibodies may play and important role in the pathogenesis of retinal vascular occlusions; investigated the prevalence among 33 patients with retinal vein and artery occlusions and 80 controls. Prevalence was 33% and 5% respectively. Ophthalmic examination and fluorescein angiography showed that occlusions were due to ischaemic events. The 11 patients were diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome: 9 patients were treated successfully with laser photocoagulation and anticoagulant and anti-aggregant therapy. Two patients with antiphospholipid antibodies associated with resistance to activated protein C had unfavourable outcomes. Our results suggest a correlation between antiphospholipid syndrome and retinal vein occlusions; we recommend a systematic search for antiphospholipid antibodies in occlusions of unexplained origin and laser photocoagulation treatment and long-term oral anticoagulant and anti-aggregant therapy

Localization of non palpable breast lesions

Eighty patients underwent localization for non-palpable breast lesions. The indication for performing a localizing procedure before the excision biopsy were suspicious or grouped microcalcifications, stellate shadows with or without microcalcifications, rounded opacities larger than 1 cm of distorted breast parenchyma. The highest incidence of malignancy was found in patients with grouped microcalcifications. The procedure for localization of a non-palpable breast lesion is well-described and the various localizing needles were far also described. The advantages and disadvantages of the different needles were discussed. The only complication was a vasovagal attack which was of no clinical significance

M.R. imaging of aneurysmal bone cysts

6 patients with aneurysmal bone cysts were evaluated by plain films, CT and MRI. The study consists of 3 parts. The first part evaluated the appearance of aneurysmal bone cysts and revealed that MRI showed that characteristic appearance in the form of bone expansion, cortical thinning, lobulation, multiple cavities or compartments containing hematomas of variable ages, fluid/fluid level suggestive of chronic hematomas and the presence of a thin rim of low signal intensity lining the aneurysmal bone cysts. The second part of the study compared CT with MRI, while the third part of the study evaluated the hemodynamic changes within aneurysmal bone cysts. To determine the hemodynamic changes or the presence of low flow within those compartments or blood-filled spaces, post-contrast CT and post- gadolinium DTPA MR studies, as well as flow sensitive MR images, were performed

Fungal sinusitis: diagnosis with CT and MR imaging

Fifteen patients with surgically proven diagnosis of fungal sinusitis were examined by plain film, CT and MRI. Plain films revealed calcifications within the sinuses in 8 cases, while CT showed calcifications either in the form of a cast or of focal calcifications in 11 cases. The remaining 4 cases were false negative by CT. The attenuation of the calcifications was always above 120 HU. MR showed a characteristic signal pattern in the form of a central signal void within the sinus, representing the fungal ball surrounded by a hyperintense rim on the T2-weighted images representing the inflamed mucosa. Following contrast media injection, there was a strong enhancement of the inflamed mucosa but not of the central void or mycetoma. The void caused by the mycetoma ball may either be due to the calcifications or the presence of trace amounts of manganese and magnesium, as well as by the decreased water content of the mycetoma balls and the high concentration of its protein content, being above 40%. MRI gave an important information about the content of the sinuses allowing the differentiation of lesions which are otherwise indistinguishable by CT. Still MR seems to be not specific as the abovementioned characteristic signal pattern could be seen in patients with mucocele, acute intrasinus hemorrhage, partially aerated and inflamed paranasal sinuses, dentigerous cysts of the maxillary sinuses and postoperative sinuses with fibrosis. To differentiate between these different entities, one has to resort to CT