Duplicación del colédoco asociado a unión biliopancreática anómala: Reporte de caso / Common bile duct duplication associated with anomalous biliopancreatic junction: A case report

Introducción. La duplicación del colédoco es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente. En la mayoría de los casos este defecto se asocia a cálculos en la vía biliar, unión pancreatobiliar anómala, pancreatitis, cáncer gástrico o colangiocarcinoma. Por esta razón, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano son importantes para evitar las complicaciones descritas a futuro. Métodos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años, con antecedente de pancreatitis aguda, con cuadro de dolor abdominal crónico, a quien se le realizaron varios estudios imagenológicos sin claro diagnóstico. Fue llevada a manejo quirúrgico en donde se documentó duplicación del colédoco tipo II con unión pancreatobiliar anómala. Resultados. Se hizo reconstrucción de las vías biliares y hepatico-yeyunostomía, con adecuada evolución postoperatoria y reporte final de patología sin evidencia de tumor. Conclusión. El diagnóstico se hace mediante ecografía endoscópica biliopancreática, colangiorresonancia o colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. El tratamiento depende de si está asociado o no a la presencia de unión biliopancreática anómala o cáncer. Si el paciente no presenta patología neoplásica, el tratamiento quirúrgico recomendado es la resección del conducto con reconstrucción de las vías biliares.

Introduction. Double common bile duct is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. This anomaly may be associated with bile duct stones, anomalous biliopancreatic junction, pancreatitis, bile duct cancer, or gastric cancers. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment is important to avoid complications. Clinical case. We report a rare case of double common bile duct associated with an anomalous biliopancreatic junction in a 30-year-old female, with prior history of acute pancreatitis, who presented with chronic abdominal pain. She underwent several imaging studies, without clear diagnosis. She was taken to surgical management where duplication of the type II common bile duct was documented with anomalous pancreatobiliary junction. Results. Reconstruction of the bile ducts and hepatico-jejunostomy were performed, with adequate postoperative evolution and final pathology report without evidence of tumor. Conclusion. Diagnosis is usually performed by an endoscopic ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancrea-tography, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Treatment depends on the presence of anomalus biliopancreatic junction or concomitant cancer. In cases without associated malignancy, resection of bile duct and biliary reconstruction is the recommended surgical treatment.

Ejercicio multicomponente en el adulto mayor y su efecto en el síndrome de fragilidad / Multicomponent exercise in the older adult and its effect on frailty syndrome

El envejecimiento ocasiona un aumento en la vulnerabilidad del adulto mayor. El ejercicio multicomponente se ha propuesto como una práctica para mejorar la funcionalidad física y cognitiva del adulto mayor, reducir la frecuencia de caídas y fracturas y prevenir la sarcopenia. Por tanto, en esta revisión bibliográfica se propone determinar los efectos del ejercicio multicomponente en el adulto mayor para evitar la progresión del síndrome de fragilidad. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Hinari, PubMed, Scopus y Embase utilizando los operadores booleanos «AND¼ y «OR¼ y como palabras clave «fragilidad¼, «adulto mayor¼, «caídas¼, «fracturas¼, «sarcopenia¼ para delimitar literatura de utilidad a esta investigación. Se tomaron en cuenta artículos de revisión bibliográfica, casos y controles, metaanálisis, artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas con vigencia menor a cinco años, en los idiomas inglés y español. El ejercicio multicomponente ocasiona una mejoría en la funcionalidad física, dependencia, prevención de caídas y reducción de la sarcopenia, siendo una herramienta útil para la regresión del síndrome de fragilidad en el adulto mayor

Aging causes an increase in the vulnerability of older adults. The practice of multicomponent exercise has been proposed to improve the physical and cognitive functionality of the older adult, reduce the frequency of falls and fractures, and prevent sarcopenia. Therefore, this literature review aims to determine the effects of multicomponent exercise in the older adult to prevent the progression of frailty syndrome. A literature search was performed in the Hinari, PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases, using the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" and as keywords "frailty", "older adult", "falls", "fractures", "sarcopenia" to delimit useful literature for this research. Literature review articles, case-controls, meta-analysis, original articles, systematic reviews less than five years old, published in both English and Spanish were taken into account. Multicomponent exercise causes an improvement in physical functionality, independence, fall prevention, and reduction of sarcopenia, being a useful tool for the regression of frailty syndrome in the elderly.

A Comparative Study Regarding the Impact of Covid-19 on Latin American College Students

COVID-19 has changed educational opportunities for students around the world, and, in the process, affected their lifestyle, happiness, and engagement. The present research is part of a project from six universities in different countries across Latin America to examine the impact of COVID-19 on university students. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle changes, orientations to happiness, and student engagement among a sample of college students in Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Peru, and the US. Methods: Participants were 1764 students from the six previously identified countries. Data were collected using the Student Health Behavior Inventory, the Orientations to Happiness Scale, and the University Student Engagement Inventory. Results: Student respondents were mostly female, with a median age of 22. Most reported no changes in academic performance and statistically significant changes in some lifestyle behaviors such as nutrition and physical activity. Conclusions: The global pandemic led to behavioral changes among college students in Latin America, and it affected their orientations to happiness and engagement. Institutions of higher learning are called to create opportunities for their students to reintegrate into an in-person learning environment to facilitate positive lifestyle changes for their students.

El COVID-19 ha cambiado las oportunidades educativas para los estudiantes de todo el mundo y en el proceso afectó su estilo de vida, felicidad y compromiso. La presente investigación es parte de un proyecto de seis universidades en diferentes países de América Latina para determinar el impacto de COVID-19 en estudiantes universitarios. Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar el impacto del COVID-19 en los cambios de estilo de vida, las orientaciones hacia la felicidad y el compromiso de los estudiantes entre una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en México, El Salvador, Colombia, República Dominicana, Perú y Estados Unidos. Métodos: Los participantes fueron 1764 estudiantes de los seis países previamente identificados. Los datos se recolectaron utilizando el Inventario de Conducta de Salud del Estudiante, la Escala de Orientaciones a la Felicidad y el Inventario de Participación de los Estudiantes Universitarios. Resultados. Los estudiantes encuestados eran en su mayoría mujeres con una edad promedio de 22 años. La mayoría informó que no hubo cambios en el rendimiento académico y cambios estadísticamente significativos en algunos comportamientos de estilo de vida, como la nutrición y la actividad física. Conclusiones: La pandemia global provocó cambios de comportamiento entre los estudiantes universitarios de América Latina y afectó sus orientaciones hacia la felicidad y su compromiso. Las instituciones de educación superior están llamadas a crear oportunidades para que sus estudiantes se reintegren en un entorno de aprendizaje en persona para facilitar cambios positivos en el estilo de vida de sus estudiantes.

Esofagitis necrotizante aguda / Acute necrotizing esophagitis / Esofagite necrotizante aguda

La esofagitis necrotizante aguda es un trastorno poco común que puede ser causa de hemorragia digestiva alta. Predomina en el sexo masculino en la sexta década de la vida. El diagnóstico es endoscópico y muestra una mucosa esofágica de apariencia negra que afecta al esófago distal en toda su circunferencia y se detiene abruptamente en la unión gastroesofágica. Clínicamente suele presentarse con hematemesis y melenas, shock hipovolémico por sangrado masivo, siendo otras manifestaciones el dolor epigástrico, molestia retroesternal y disfagia. Se vincula a pacientes con antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular, alcoholismo, diabetes mellitus, desnutrición, hernia hiatal, estenosis gastroduodenal, cáncer, así como pacientes en shock, traumatizados, sometidos a cirugía mayor e inmunosuprimidos. El tratamiento se basa en fluidoterapia, inhibidores de la bomba de protones y suspensión de la vía oral, siendo controvertido el uso de antibioticoterapia. Su pronóstico es malo y dependerá de la gravedad de la enfermedad esofágica y del terreno del paciente, con una mortalidad de hasta el 36 %. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente de 81 años, hipertenso, que presenta hematemesis, confirmándose en la endoscopía una esofagitis necrotizante aguda, que evoluciona favorablemente con tratamiento médico.

Acute necrotizing esophagitis is a rare disorder that can cause upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It predominates in males in the sixth decade of life. The diagnosis is endoscopic and shows a black-appearing esophageal mucosa that affects the entire circumference of the distal esophagus and stops abruptly at the gastroesophageal junction. Usually, patients present with hematemesis and melena, with other manifestations such as epigastric pain, retrosternal discomfort, dysphagia, and hypovolemic shock. Almost all patients reported comorbidities: cardiovascular disease, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, hiatal hernia, gastroduodenal stenosis, and malignant neoplasia; is related as well to patients with shock, trauma, undergoing major surgery, and immunosuppression. The treatment is based on fluid reposition, proton pump inhibitors and suspension of the oral route, the use of antibiotic therapy being controversial. Its prognosis is poor and will depend on the severity of the esophageal disease and the patient comorbidities, with a mortality rate up to 36 %. Case: A 81-year-old male patient with hypertension, who presented hematemesis, confirmed by endoscopy as acute necrotizing esophagitis, whose evolution was favorable with medical treatment.

A esofagite necrosante aguda é uma doença rara que pode causar hemorragia digestiva alta. Predomina no sexo masculino na sexta década de vida. O diagnóstico é endoscópico e mostra uma mucosa esofágica circunferencial difusa com aspecto preto que envolve quase universalmente o esôfago distal e para abruptamente na junção gastroesofágica. Clinicamente, geralmente se apresenta com hematêmese e melena, com outras manifestações sendo dor epigástrica, desconforto retroesternal, disfagia e choque hipovolêmico. Está relacionado a pacientes com histórico de doenças cardiovasculares, alcoolismo, diabetes mellitus, desnutrição, hérnia hiatal, estenose gastroduodenal e neoplasia maligna, bem como pacientes em choque, trauma, cirurgia de grande porte e imunossupressão. O tratamento é a medicação dietética higiênica baseada em fluidoterapia, inibidores da bomba de prótons e suspensão da via oral, sendo o uso de antibioticoterapia controverso. Seu prognóstico é ruim e dependerá da gravidade da doença esofágica e do terreno do paciente, com mortalidade de até 36 %. Apresentamos o caso clínico de um paciente hipertenso de 81 anos que apresentou hematêmese, confirmada por endoscopia como esofagite necrosante aguda, que evoluiu favoravelmente com tratamento higiênico-dietético e medicamentoso.

Satisfacción laboral en el personal de enfermería de un hospital de segundo nivel / Work satisfaction in the nursing staff of a second level hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN. La satisfacción laboral se considera un indicador clave de la atención de calidad por lo tanto el personal de enfermería debe estar inmerso en un ambiente laboral positivo que impacte en su desarrollo profesional y en la atención que proporciona. OBJETIVO. Determinar la satisfacción laboral del personal de enfermería en un hospital de segundo nivel. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal en una muestra de 92 enfermeras(os) de los servicios de hospitalización de un hospital de segundo nivel. Se aplicó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos y laborales y el cuestionario Font-Roja, versión ampliada, se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 24 para el análisis de los datos mediante estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS. La media de edad de los participantes fue de 38,9 años(DE= 10,2), respecto al sexo predominó el femenino (77,2%). El 84,8% del personal de enfermería se encuentra satisfecho laboralmente, seguido por el 14,1% como insatisfecho y solo el 1,1% como medianamente satisfecho. Los factores con mayor satisfacción laboral fueron presión en el trabajo (M= 3,6, DE= 0,61), seguido por relación interpersonal con sus superiores (M= 3,6, DE= 0,82) y satisfacción por el trabajo (M= 3,5, DE= 0,71).CONCLUSIONES. El personal de enfermería se encuentra satisfecho con su trabajo, pero es importante explorar a profundidad los factores que pueden influir y repercutir en su actividad profesional.

INTRODUCTION. Because work satisfaction is considered a key indicator of quality care, nurses should be immersed in an environment that positively impacts their professional development and the care they provide. OBJECTIVE. To determine the work satisfaction of nursing staff in a second level hospital. METHODOLOGY. Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study based on a sample of 92 nurses from the inpatient services of a second level hospital. A sociodemographic and labor data questionnaire, and an extended version of the Font-Roja questionnaire, were applied, and SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis by means of descriptive statistics. RESULTS. The mean age of the participants was 38.9 years (SD= 10.2), with female the dominant gender (77.2%). A total of 84.8% of the nursing personnel were satisfied with their work, followed by 14.1% as dissatisfied and only 1.1% as moderately satisfied. The factors related to the highest overall work satisfaction were job pressure (M= 3.6, SD= 0.61), followed by interpersonal relationship with superiors (M= 3.6, SD= 0.82) and job satisfaction (M= 3.5, SD= 0.71). CONCLUSIONS. The nursing staff were generally satisfied with their work, but it is important to explore in depth the factors that may have an impact on their professional activity.

Relationship between pain, functional limitations, dependence, depression and osteoarthritis in older adults / Relação da dor, limitação funcional, dependência e depressão com a osteoartrite em idosos

Abstract Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent pathology in older adults, with physical, social and psychological impacts that reduce their quality of life. Objective Analyze the correlation between KOA in older individuals and biopsychosocial aspects such as pain, functional limitation, dependence, anxiety and depression. Methods A systematic review of English and Portuguese articles published on the Cochrane Library, PUBMED/MEDLINE, SciELO and Web of Science databases between 2016 and 2021, selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results After cross-checking specific to each database, studies were selected by reading the title (2,304), abstract (136) and full article (72), with 30 ultimately included based on the eligibility criteria. Conclusion Knee osteoarthritis has a significant negative impact on patients' lives and is correlated with pain, functional limitation, dependence, anxiety and depression, compromising interpersonal relationships, physical and mental status and causing disability due to chronic pain, making osteoarthritis (OA) a public health issue with a high financial, physical and emotional cost for patients.

Resumo Introdução A osteoartrite de joelho é uma patologia prevalente em idosos, impactando suas vidas em um contexto físico, social e psicológico, o que ocasiona redução na qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Objetivo Analisar a correlação entre a osteoartrite de joelho em idosos e aspectos biopsicossociais como dor, limitação funcional, dependência, ansiedade e depressão. Métodos Revisão sistemática de artigos publicados nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, PUBMED/MEDLINE, SciELO e Web of Science, entre 2016 e 2021, em português e inglês. Após isso, realizou-se a seleção dos artigos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados Após cruzamentos específicos em cada base, selecionaram-se os artigos por meio da leitura do título (2.304), do resumo (136) e do artigo na íntegra (72). Assim, 30 artigos foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Conclusão Confirmou-se que a osteoartrite de joelho impacta negativamente a vida dos pacientes e está correlacionada com dor, limitação funcional, dependência, ansiedade e depressão, prejudicando as relações interpessoais, afetando condições físicas e mentais e gerando incapacidade devido à dor crônica, tornando a osteoartrite uma questão de saúde pública de alto custo financeiro, físico e emocional aos pacientes.

Influencia del modelo social, actividad físico-deportiva y salud en alumnos de secundaria

Introducción: La inactividad física en adolescentes es uno de los problemas actuales que ha cobrado relevancia, debido a que investigaciones proyectan hábitos de vida no saludables en la adultez. Es por ello, que instancias públicas y privadas buscan romper con esta mala práctica. Esto estimula a investigar sobre los actores que interactúan de forma continua con los adolescentes, de tal manera que los motive a entrar a un entorno que promueva la realización de actividades físicas. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de los modelos sociales que influyen en la realización de actividades físicas y en la salud de los estudiantes del nivel secundario en República Dominicana. Métodos: El estudio fue realizado en base a un enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal mediante encuesta, empleando el muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, debido a la disponibilidad mostrada por la población objeto de estudio al llenado del instrumento. La población estuvo integrada por 777 estudiantes, quienes brindaron las informaciones relativas al índice de actividad física y modelos sociales que influyen a su práctica. En la investigación se utilizó Cuestionario Internacional sobre el Estilo de Vida del Alumnado. Resultados: Los datos alcanzados muestran altos niveles de sedentarismo sobrepasando el 83 % en ambos sexos, con mayor presencia en las mujeres. En lo concerniente a los modelos sociales que tributan a la práctica de actividad física, se reafirman los padres y las amistades como los más influyentes. Conclusiones: Existen altos niveles de sedentarismo chicos y chicas adolescentes contrastado con la influencia positiva que reciben de padres y amigos para la realización de actividad física, lo cual puede ser utilizado con el objetivo de crear proyectos que incentiven la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva y contribuyan a la prevención de las enfermedades no transmisibles.

Introduction : Physical inactivity in adolescents is one of the current problems that has gained relevance, due to the fact that research projects unhealthy lifestyle habits in adulthood in this age group. For this reason, public and private instances seek to break this bad practice. The aforementioned, stimulates research on the actors that interact continuously with adolescents, in such a way that motivates them to enter an environment that promotes physical activities. Objective: To evaluate the impact of social models that influence the performance of physical activities and the health of secondary school students in the Dominican Republic. Methods: The present study was carried out based on a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative approach by means of a survey, using non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, due to the availability shown by the population under study when filling out the instrument. The population consisted of 777 students, who provided information on the rate of physical activity and social models that influence its practice. The International Student Lifestyle Questionnaire was used in the research. Results: The data obtained show high levels of sedentary lifestyles, exceeding 83% in both sexes, with a greater presence in women. Regarding the social models that contribute to the practice of physical activity, parents and friends are reaffirmed as the most influential. Conclusions: There are high levels of sedentary adolescent boys and girls contrasted with the positive influence they receive from parents and friends for the practice of physical activity, which can be used with the aim of creating projects that encourage the practice of physical-sports activities and contribute to the prevention of non-communicable diseases.

Diamond-coated ultrasonic tip decreases debris and uninstrumented surface after preparation of curved canals with isthmus

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate root canal preparation with nickel titanium rotary instruments and complementary preparation with ultrasonic tip in curved canals of mandibular molars with isthmus. Twenty-eight mesial roots of mandibular molars with curvature between 20° and 40° and presence of isthmus throughout the entire extension of the root canals were prepared using ProDesign Logic CM (PDL) up to size 40.05, or HyFlex EDM (HFEDM) up to size 40.04. Complementary preparation was performed in the isthmus region using the ultrasonic insert E18D (Helse, Istmo Diamantada). The root canals were scanned using micro-CT (SkyScan 1176) at 9 µm voxel size before and after each preparation step. Transportation, percentage of increase in volume, debris and uninstrumented surface (UNS) were evaluated. Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon, paired and non-paired t-tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). The canals prepared with PDL and HFEDM obtained similar results for all the variables assessed before using E18D (p > 0.05). E18D significantly decreased the percentage of debris and UNS values in both Groups (p < 0.05). The complementary preparations with E18D caused a smaller quantity of debris in the isthmus of the canals previously prepared with PDL in comparison with HFEDM (p < 0.05). PDL and HFEDM provided similar root canal preparation. PDL promoted a smaller quantity of Debris in the isthmus than HFEDM after using E18D. E18D significantly improved cleaning, and reduced Debris and UNS.

Relationship of advanced glycation end-products in hypertension in diabetic patients: a systematic review / Relação dos produtos finais de glicação avançada na hipertensão de pacientes com diabetes: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are among the five risk factors that increase mortality in the world. Both are chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), that have a pathophysiological association. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), produced by the lack of glycemic control in diabetic patients, interact with their AGE receptors (AGER) resulting in increased arterial stiffness, inflammation and endothelial changes - which increases the risk of developing hypertension and other complications. We ran a systematic review in Pubmed, SciELO, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases using keywords and Boolean operators to optimize the search, with the objective of assessing the mechanism of non-enzymatic glycation of proteins present in patients with diabetes and its correlation with the onset of hypertension, exposing all the endothelial and cellular damage caused by AGEs. We found 719 papers, of which 99 were read in full, and 26 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the present review. AGEs should be considered one of the main cardiometabolic risk factors. Reducing the AGE-AGER interaction will result in cardiovascular protection and increased life expectancy.

Resumo Diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial estão entre os cinco fatores de risco que elevam a mortalidade no mundo. Ambas são doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) que têm associação fisiopatológica. Os produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs), produzidos pela falta de controle glicêmico nos pacientes diabéticos, interagem com seus receptores para AGEs (RAGE) resultando no aumento da rigidez arterial e da inflamação e em alterações endoteliais, fatores que intensificam o risco do desenvolvimento da hipertensão e de demais complicações. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO, Cochrane Library e Web of Science utilizando descritores e operadores booleanos para otimizar a busca, com o objetivo de fornecer o mecanismo da glicação não enzimática de proteínas presente em pacientes com diabetes e sua correlação com o aparecimento da hipertensão, expondo todo o dano endotelial e celular ocasionado pelos AGEs. Foram encontrados 719 artigos, dos quais 99 foram lidos na íntegra, e 26 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos na presente revisão. Os AGEs devem ser considerados um dos principais fatores de risco cardiometabólico. A redução da interação AGE-RAGE resultará na proteção cardiovascular e no aumento da expectativa de vida.

Inclisiran, ARN interferente pequeño: un nuevo enfoque para el tratamiento del colesterol / Inclisiran, small interfering RNA: a new approach to cholesterol treatment

Resumen: La hiperlipidemia es altamente prevalente y contribuye de forma sustancial a la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica, que es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en Colombia. La reducción del colesterol LDL (c-LDL) produce una disminución del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica y de eventos cardiovasculares adversos. La terapia dirigida a la proproteína convertasa subtilisina/kexina tipo 9 (PCSK9; su sigla en inglés) ha surgido como una herramienta novedosa para el tratamiento de la hiperlipidemia. Inclisiran es un ARN pequeño de doble hebra, que actúa inhibiendo la transcripción de PCSK-9 en los hepatocitos, lo que conduce a una reducción marcada y sostenida del c-LDL. En contraste con otras terapias hipolipemiantes, como estatinas, ezetimibe y anticuerpos monoclonales (MAbs; su sigla en inglés) e inhibidores de PCSK9, inclisiran propone un régimen de dosificación infrecuente de dos o tres veces al año. Su efecto prolongado representa una ventaja frente al incumplimiento del tratamiento, que es una de las principales causas por las que no se alcanzan los objetivos de c-LDL con la terapia estándar. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo presentar y discutir los datos científicos actuales con relación a la eficacia, tolerabilidad y seguridad del inclisiran en el tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia.

Abstract: Hyperlipidemia is a highly prevalent condition and contributes substantially to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Colombia. The reduction of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) decreases the risk of ASCVD and adverse cardiovascular events. Targeted therapy for the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) has emerged as a novel tool for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Inclisiran is a small double-stranded small interfering RNA that acts by blocking PCSK-9 transcription in hepatocytes, leading to a marked and sustained reduction in circulating LDL-C levels. In contrast to other lipid-lowering therapies such as statins, ezetimibe and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) PCSK-9 inhibitors, Inclisiran proposes an infrequent dosing regimen of twice or three times a year. Its prolonged effect represents an advantage over non-compliance of the treatment, which is one of the main reasons why LDL-C goals are not achieved with standard therapy. This review aims to present and discuss current scientific data regarding the efficacy, tolerability and safety of Inclisiran in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Covid-19, manejo obstétrico de un caso exitoso / COVID-19, obstetrical management of a successful case / COVID-19, gestão obstétrica de um caso de sucesso

RESUMEN La infección COVID-19 en su amplia manifestación de sintomas y comportamiento clínico hemodinámico en la paciente embarazada, ha demostrado que puede variar su espectro desde leve a severo. En el presente trabajo se reporta el manejo y abordaje exitoso de paciente de 24 SS de gestación con insuficiência respiratoria tipo I asociada al Sindrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) primario severo con fenotipo H de tipo infamatorio con hipoxemia severa y ocupación alveolar de los cuatro cuadrantes con choque séptico y neumonía severa por SARS-CoV-2 con PCR positiva para COVID-19.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 infection, in its broad manifestation of symptoms and hemodynamic clinical behavior in the pregnant patient, has shown that its spectrum can vary from severe level. In the present work, we report the successful management and approach of a 24-SS patient with type I respiratory failure associated with severe primary Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) with inflammatory-type H phenotype with severe hypoxemia and alveolar occupation quadrants with septic shock and severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 with positive PCR for COVID-19.

RESUMO A infecção pela COVID-19 em sua ampla manifestação de sintomas e comportamento clínico hemodinâmico na paciente grávida mostrou variar em espectro de leve a grave. No presente trabalho relatamos a gestão e abordagem bem sucedida de um paciente de 24 semanas de gestação com insuficiência respiratória tipo I associada à síndrome de desconforto respiratório agudo primário grave (SARS-CoV-2) com fenótipo H de tipo inflamatório com hipoxemia grave e ocupação alveolar dos quatro quadrantes com choque séptico e pneumonia grave devido à SARS-CoV-2 com PCR positiva para COVID-19.

Una vida dedicada a la Salud Pública: el enfermero Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez / A life dedicated to Public Health: the nurse Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez

RESUMEN El artículo socializa resultados de la investigación sobre la historia de vida del enfermero empírico Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez, "Perico" y su contribución, desde edad muy temprana, al desarrollo de los servicios de salud en su localidad, así como el influjo de su personalidad en el poblado. Se enmarca en el período comprendido desde 1930 a 1996; desde la perspectiva sociocultural brinda aportes sobre la asistencia médica a pobladores de la comunidad marinera Castillo de Jagua-Perché. Se realizaron análisis de documentos y entrevistas a personas que conocieron de su labor. Se comprobó que Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez realizó importantes funciones brindando atención a la salud. El artículo proporciona una visión sociocultural para tratar figuras y procesos históricos locales, y aporta al conocimiento de un tema que resulta de interés general y para la historia de la enfermería en Cienfuegos.

ABSTRACT The article socializes the results of the research on the life history of the empirical nurse Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez, "Perico" and his contribution, from a very early age, to the development of health services in his locality, as well as the influence of his personality. in the town. It is part of the period from 1930 to 1996; From a sociocultural perspective, it provides contributions on medical assistance to residents of the Castillo de Jagua-Perché seafaring community. Analysis of documents and interviews were carried out with people who knew about their work. It was found that Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez performed important functions providing health care. The article provides a sociocultural vision to deal with local historical figures and processes, and contributes to the knowledge of a topic that is of general interest and for the history of nursing in Cienfuegos.

Alternância de máscara nasal com pronga nasal reduz a incidência de lesão nasal moderada a grave em prematuros em uso de ventilação não invasiva / Rotating nasal masks with nasal prongs reduces the incidence of moderate to severe nasal injury in preterm infants supported by noninvasive ventilation

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre dispositivos de ventilação não invasiva e incidência de lesão do septo nasal em recém-nascidos pré-termo. Métodos: Este estudo de coorte retrospectivo e unicêntrico incluiu prematuros em uso de ventilação não invasiva. A incidência de lesão nasal foi comparada entre três grupos, de acordo com o dispositivo de ventilação não invasiva (G1 para máscara nasal; G2 para prongas binasais e G3 para alternância entre máscaras e prongas nasais). As lesões nasais foram classificadas de acordo com o National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel como estágios 1 - 4. Foram realizadas análises de regressão multivariada para estimar os riscos relativos, a fim de identificar possíveis preditores associados a lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos. Resultados: Entre os 300 lactentes incluídos no estudo, a incidência de lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos no grupo em uso alternado foi significativamente menor do que a nos grupos de máscara ou prongas de uso contínuo (n = 68; 40,48%; valor de p < 0,01). O grupo de prongas nasais apresentou mais lesões de estágio 2 (n = 15; 55,56%; p < 0,01). A permanência ≥ 7 dias em ventilação não invasiva foi associada a maior incidência de lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos, independentemente do dispositivo (63,81%; p < 0,01). Os incrementos diários na ventilação não invasiva aumentaram o risco de lesões nasais em 4% (IC95% 1,02 - 1,06; p < 0,01). Um maior peso ao nascer indicou proteção contra lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos. Cada grama extra representou diminuição de 1% no risco de desenvolver lesão do septo nasal (RR: 0,99; IC95% 0,99 - 0,99; p < 0,04). Conclusão: A alternância entre máscaras e prongas nasais reduz a incidência de lesão nasal moderada a grave em comparação com dispositivos únicos. O incremento de dias em uso de ventilação não invasiva parece contribuir para lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos, e um maior peso ao nascer é um fator de proteção.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between noninvasive ventilation delivery devices and the incidence of nasal septum injury in preterm infants. Methods: This retrospective singlecenter cohort study included preterm infants supported by noninvasive ventilation. The incidence of nasal injury was compared among three groups according to the noninvasive ventilation delivery device (G1 - nasal mask; G2 - binasal prongs; and G3, rotation of nasal mask with prongs). Nasal injury was classified according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel as stages 1 - 4. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to estimate relative risks to identify possible predictors associated with medical device-related injuries. Results: Among the 300 infants included in the study, the incidence of medical device-related injuries in the rotating group was significantly lower than that in the continuous mask or prong groups (n = 68; 40.48%; p value < 0.01). The basal prong group presented more stage 2 injuries (n = 15; 55.56%; p < 0.01). Staying ≥ 7 days in noninvasive ventilation was associated with a higher frequency of medical device-related injuries, regardless of device (63.81%; p < 0.01). Daily increments in noninvasive ventilation increased the risk for nasal injury by 4% (95%CI 1.02 - 1.06; p < 0.01). Higher birth weight indicated protection against medical device-related injuries. Each gained gram represented a decrease of 1% in the risk of developing nasal septum injury (RR: 0.99; 95%CI 0.99 - 0.99; p < 0.04). Conclusion: Rotating nasal masks with nasal prongs reduces the incidence of moderate to severe nasal injury in comparison with single devices. The addition of days using noninvasive ventilation seems to contribute to medical device-related injuries, and higher birth weight is a protective factor.

Paradigma transcomplejo: aventura intelectual necesaria en la residencia médica de medicina física y rehabilitación / Transcomplex paradigm: necessary intellectual adventure in the medical residence of physical medicine and rehabilitation

OBJETIVO. Reflexionar sobre la importancia del paradigma transcomplejo en la formación de los residentes de la especialidad de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación que permita comprender la realidad compleja y diversa que caracteriza la discapacidad. METODO. Revisión teórica de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo sobre la aplicabilidad del paradigma transcomplejo en la formación de los especialistas en Medicina Física y Rehabilitación. Las estrategias de búsqueda se realizaron de la literatura científica publicado en español e inglés en bases de datos como Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane, Pubmed y Google Scholar, Dialnet. DESARROLLO Y DISUSION. La trascendencia de la transcomplejidad evidencia la necesidad de la coexistencia con los paradigmas preexistentes con visión integrada complementaria, favoreciendo así el conocimiento científico y la reflexión filosófica. Las patologías emergentes junto con la revolución de nuestra especie en todos sus ámbitos también llaman a un cambio dentro los paradigmas. CONCLUSIONES. El arte de la transcomplejidad hace que la investigación salte al mundo multidimensional, mismo que es ineludible frente a la necesidad de la complementariedad dentro de los trabajos de investigación y educación de los residentes en Medicina Física y Rehabilitación.

OBJECTIVE. To reflect on the importance of the transcomplex paradigm in the training of residents of the specialty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation that allows understanding the complex and diverse reality that characterizes disability. METHOD. Theorretical review of an exploratory and descriptive nature on the applicability of the transcomplex paradigm in the training of specialists in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The search strategies were carried out from the scientific literature published in Spanish and English in databases such as Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane, Pubmed, Google Scholar and Dialnet. DEVELOPMENT AND DISCUSSIO. The significance of transcomplexity shows the need for coexistence with preexisting paradigms with a complementary integrated vision, thus favoring scientific knowledge and philosophical reflection. The emerging pathologies together with the revolution of our species in all its fields also calls for a change within the paradigms. CONCLUSIONS. The art of transcomplexity makes research jump into the multidimensional world, which is necessary in view of the need for complementarity within the research and education of residents in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Hábitos de alimentación y práctica de actividad física del alumnado de nivel secundario / Eating habits and physical activity practice of secondary school students

RESUMEN Introducción: Los niveles de actividad física y la ingesta de alimentos son los elementos principales en los que entidades de salud privadas y gubernamentales les prestan mucha atención, debido a los efectos que pueden causar en caso de que haya una falta de equilibrio entre ambas variables; ya que ambos crean un binomio capaz de controlar la buena salud del individuo. Objetivo: Conocer los hábitos alimenticios y práctica de actividad física del nivel secundario del distrito 03 de la regional 08, provincia Santiago, República Dominicana. Métodos: Se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal mediante una encuesta, se empleó un muestreo aleatorio estratificado con la finalidad de extraer una muestra significativa; de los 48 centros educativos que componen dicho distrito educativo de nivel secundario. La muestra fue de 372 estudiantes, quienes proporcionaron la información referente a: frecuencia, consumo de alimentos y práctica de actividad física. El instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario Internacional sobre el Estilo de Vida del Alumnado, se emplearon los ítems 1, 12 y 13. Resultados: Se evidencia un bajo nivel de actividad física reflejado en el caso de los varones un 74,3 % y en las hembras un 83,2 %. En cuanto a la ingesta de alimentos se presentan situaciones equilibradas en ambos sexos tanto en activos como en sedentarios, de igual manera llama la atención el bajo consumo de carnes y proteínas provenientes del mar. Conclusiones: Los bajos niveles de actividad física en ambos sexos sumados a la alimentación desequilibrada colocan en riesgo a este grupo etario a enfermedades no transmisibles.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Levels of physical activity and food intake are the main elements which private and government health entities pay a lot of attention to, due to the effects that they can cause in case of disproportionality, since both make a couple able to control the good health of individuals. Objective: To know the eating habits and physical activity practice of the Secondary Level of District 03, of Regional 08, province of Santiago, Dominican Republic. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative approach was used by means of a survey, using a stratified random sampling in order to extract a significant sample from the 48 educational centers that make up said secondary level educational district. The sample consisted of 372 students, who provided information on frequencies, food consumption and physical activity. The instrument used was the International Student Lifestyle Questionnaire, using items number 1, 12 and 13. Results: A low level of physical activity is evidenced, reflected in the case of males, by 74,3 % and in females by 83,2 %. Regarding food intake, there are balanced situations in both sexes, both active and sedentary, in the same way, the low consumption of meat and proteins from the sea is striking. Conclusions: The low levels of physical activity in both genders, added to an unbalanced diet, put this age group at risk of non-transmisable diseases.

COVID-19 related acute genital ulcer: a case report

ABSTRACT Acute vulvar ulcer (Lipschütz's ulcer) is a rare lesion with local hyperimmunoreactivity triggered by infection, which is characterized by acute, painful, and necrotic ulcerations. This condition is usually found in non-sexually active adolescents, and it resolves spontaneously. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman who was diagnosed with COVID-19 who did not have severe symptoms, but had high levels of D-dimer for 9 days. The COVID-19 diagnosis was followed by the appearance of an acute, necrotic, extremely painful vulvar ulcer, although symptoms caused by COVID-19 had improved. We emphasize the importance of the differential diagnosis to exclude diseases such as Behçet's syndrome, Sexually Transmitted Infections, as well as the presence of viruses that generally trigger Lipschütz's ulcer, such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. No treatment is usually necessary, however, in the present report due to the pain experienced by the patient, we successfully used oral prednisone.

The reading contracts in the advertising discourse of health communication campaigns: an analysis of the "I know. Do you know?" campaign / Os contratos de leitura no discurso publicitário de campanhas de comunicação em saúde: uma análise da campanha "Eu sei. Você sabe?"

Introduction: In view of the syphilis epidemic that Brazil is experiencing and the need to strengthen the discourse on preventing this sexually transmitted infection (STI), the campaign "Eu sei, você sabe?" (I know. Do you know?) was conducted for dissemination of the pieces on social media. Objective: The of aim of this study was to perform a qualitative descriptive analysis of the posts published on the social network Instagram of the National Campaign to Fight Syphilis 2020-21 aimed at young people. Methods: The analysis performed was based on the method suggested by Eliseo Véron and aimed to establish relationships between the "reading contracts" offered and the processes of focusing (strong direct relevance) and defocusing (interdiscursive relevance) acting in the messages with the results of the communication indicator "Reach/Exposure". Results: The analysis was conducted from October 2020 to April 2021. In all, 31 cards were published. Among them, eight publications presented in their content a discourse directed at young people including individuals in the 20-29 age bracket. In general, the pieces provided a common proposal of visual structuring and aimed to address the deficiencies identified in previous campaigns developed and presented in the perspective of the project itself, as well as the propositions established by control agencies for dealing with syphilis in Brazil. Conclusion: Some hypotheses raised on the basis of the analysis were as follows. There is the possibility that the distinction between grammars of production and recognition produce negotiations or resistance to the meaning of the interpellation contained in the theme "Sífilis. Eu sei. Você sabe?" Even if the characters presented in the cards did not include some specific audiences, such as young transgenders, the language offered can generate empathy in these audiences. The production strategies of cards with a more visual aesthetic and added to a predominantly graphic distribution of important information possibly contributed to a greater reach/impact on the social network audience.

Introdução: Diante da epidemia de sífilis vivida pelo Brasil e tendo em vista a necessidade de fortalecer o discurso de prevenção dessa infecção sexualmente transmissível, realizou-se a campanha "Eu sei. Você sabe?", voltada para divulgação das peças nas redes sociais digitais. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetiva realizar análise qualitativa descritiva das postagens publicadas na rede social Instagram da Campanha Nacional de Combate à Sífilis 2020-21, destinadas ao público jovem. Métodos: A análise realizada baseia-se na metodologia sugerida por Eliseo Véron e visa estabelecer relações entre os contratos de leitura ofertados e os processos de focalização (pertinência forte direta) e desfocalização (pertinência interdiscursiva) atuantes nas mensagens com os resultados do indicador de comunicação alcance/exposição. Resultados: A análise adotou o recorte temporal de outubro/2020 até abril/2021. Ao todo 31 cards foram publicados. Entre eles, oito publicações apresentaram em seu conteúdo um discurso direcionado ao público jovem, como também personagens na faixa etária entre 20 e 29 anos. De maneira geral, as peças trazem uma proposta comum de estruturação visual e visam contemplar as deficiências identificadas em campanhas anteriores desenvolvidas e apresentadas na perspectiva do próprio projeto, bem como das proposições estabelecidas por órgãos de controle para o enfrentamento da sífilis no Brasil. Conclusão: Algumas hipóteses levantadas com base na análise realizada: há a possibilidade de que a distinção entre gramáticas de produção e reconhecimento produza negociações ou resistências ao sentido da interpelação contida no tema "Sífilis. Eu sei. Você sabe?"; mesmo que as personas apresentadas nos cards não englobem alguns públicos específicos, como jovens transgêneros, a linguagem ofertada pode gerar empatia nesses públicos; as estratégias de produção de cards com estética mais visual e somados a uma distribuição das informações importantes predominantemente gráfica possivelmente contribuíram para maior alcance/impacto no público das redes sociais.

Cuidado de enfermería perdido y factores contribuyentes en un hospital de Tabasco, México / Missed nursing care and contributing factors in a hospital in Tabasco, México

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar el cuidado de enfermería perdido y factores contribuyentes en un hospital de Tabasco, México. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional en 50 enfermeras(os) de diferentes turnos de un hospital público de tercer nivel de atención, se utilizó la encuesta MISSCARE, para el análisis de los datos se empleó estadística descriptiva y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, se consideró lo estipulado en el Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud en Materia de Investigación para la salud. Resultados: La dimensión que presentó mayor cuidado de enfermería perdido fue la de intervenciones de cuidado básico (M= 22.6, DE= 14.2), seguido de planificación del alta y educación del paciente (M= 21.2, DE= 15.4), las intervenciones de cuidado con evaluaciones continuas resultaron la dimensión con menor cuidado perdido (M= 9.6, DE= 7.9). Los factores de mayor contribución para que se dé el cuidado de enfermería perdido, fueron los del recurso humano (M= 75.8, DE= 18.3), seguido de los factores del recurso material (M= 68.2, DE= 21.1). Éstos últimos mostraron asociación negativa y significativa con las intervenciones con evaluaciones continuas (rs= -0.318, p= 0.025). Conclusiones: La mayor presencia de cuidado de enfermería perdido recae en las intervenciones de cuidado básico, los factores del recurso humano son calificados en primer orden, para que se presente la omisión o retraso de las intervenciones del cuidado; sin embargo, solo los factores del recurso material mostraron relación negativa significativa con las intervenciones de evaluación continua.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the missed nursing care and the contributing factors in a hospital in Tabasco, Mexico. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive and correlational study in 50 nurses from different shifts of a public hospital of the third level of care, the MISSCARE survey was used, descriptive statistics and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. considered what is stipulated in the Regulation of the General Health Law on Research for health. Results: The dimension that presented the most missed nursing care was basic care interventions (M= 22.6, SD= 14.2), followed by discharge planning and patient education (M= 21.2, SD= 15.4), care interventions with continuous evaluations resulted in the dimension with the least care lost (M= 9.6, SD= 7.9). The factors with the greatest contribution to the provision of lost nursing care were human resources (M= 75.8, SD= 18.3), followed by material resource factors (M= 68.2, SD= 21.1). The latter showed a negative and significant association with the interventions with continuous evaluations (rs= -0.318, p= 0.025). Conclusions: The greater presence of missed nursing care falls on basic care interventions, human resource factors are ranked first so that the omission or delay of care interventions occurs; however, only the material resource factors showed a significant negative relationship with the continuous assessment interventions.