[ relationship between social trust and prosocial tendencies]

Introduction: Trust and optimism are integral parts of social life. Social trust is an important aspect of human relations that underlie collaboration and cooperation among members of the society. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between social trust and prosocial tendencies

Methods: In this correlational study, 370 female students of Isfahan University were selected in cluster sampling completed Prosocial Tendencies Measure Revised [PTM-R] and Social Trust Questionnaire [Safarinia and Sharif, 1389]. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and regression methods

Results: The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social trust and prosocial tendencies [p<0/01] also there is a significant relationship between social trust and dimensions of prosocial tendencies such as public prosocial tendencies, altruistic prosocial tendencies, emotional prosocial tendencies, and compliant prosocial tendencies [p<0/01], and results of linear regression showed that social trust is a predictive factor for prosocial tendencies [beta=0/558, p<0/01]

Conclusion: According to the results reinforcement of social trust can be effective in enhancement of prosocial tendencies and improving the mental and social health

[Effect of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils on antioxidative potential and postmortem pH of breast muscle in heat stressed broiler chicken]

Background: Inclusion of antioxidant sources in feed or water reduces the detrimental effects of free radicals and increases the antioxidative potential and stability of lipids in heat stressed broiler chicken

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effect of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils [SkEO] on early postmortem and ultimate pH as well as antioxidative potential of breast muscle in broiler chicken

Methods: A total number of 720,1-d-old Arian broiler chicks were used in a 42-d trial to examine the effects of six experimental treatments consisting inclusion of 0 [control-], 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/L SkEO and 500 mg/L Polysorbate-80 [control+] in drinking water in six replicates of 20 birds each in a completely randomized blocks design. Catalase enzyme activity [by kinetic method] and glutathione peroxidase as well as superoxide dismutase activities [via Randox[registered sign] kits] were measured spectrophotometerically. Lipid peroxidation also was measured in breast muscle by a chemical method with thiobarbituric acid

Results: The breast percentage and early as well as ultimate pH of breast muscle was not differ for the birds received SkEO-treated water compared to the control birds [p>0.05]. Addition of SkEO in drinking water at doses greater than 200 mg/L significantly decreased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values in breast muscle of the birds in comparison with the control birds [p<0.05]. Catalase activity was significantly higher in breast muscle of the SkEO-treated groups than the control groups [p<0.05]. Activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly greater in the birds given 400 and 500 mg/L SkEO. Addition of SkEO into water up to 400 mg/L increased superoxide dismutase activity in breast muscle of the treated birds compared to the control birds

Conclusions: It was concluded that supplementation of drinking water with SkEO elevates the antioxidative potential and increases the lipid stability of breast muscle in heat stressed male broiler chicken

[Comparison of impact of face to face and educational booklet methods on respiratory self efficacy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attending to selected hospitals of Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences in Tehran]

Introduction: patient education is an essential strategy in disease control that reduces complications in patient with chronic diseases. Today, most of the education and information presented in health care systems are at a higher level and are not an appropriate method for people to understand. This study aimed to examine the impact of two of the above methods on respiratory self-efficacy among people with COPD

Method: this study is a quasi-experimental clinical trial that performed in 2012 on 75 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attending Masihe - Daneshvary and Emam Hosien hospitals in Tehran, Iran. We used purposive sampling method and the participants in the study were divided into three random categories [face to face, educational booklet, and control groups]. The two groups of subjects were presented with identical content but different training methods. The control group received the routine instruction in the ward. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics

Results: the results showed homogeneity at demographic data in three groups of study. Comparison of demographic and mean respiratory self-efficacy in the baseline between three study groups showed no significant difference. But the mean of respiratory self-efficacy in the past revealed a significant difference between face to face educational group and control groups [P<0.001]. The test showed no significant difference between educational booklet group and control group [P>0.05]

Conclusion: among people with COPD, face to face educational strategies increased respiratory self-efficacy more than booklet educational method. Consequently, nurses as care providers in patients with COPD can have a valuable role in patient education using face to face education method

[Medicinal properties of dye - yelding plants: a review]

Dyes are one of the most widely used components in different industries. Recently much attention has been focused on the replacement of natural pigments instead of synthetic colors. One of the most important sources for the production of natural pigments are medicinal plants that small number of them used as industrial and some of them are traditionally used. The worldwide demand for natural dyes increases nowadays due to environmental and echo friendly of them. Many of the plants used for dye extraction are classified as medicinal and some of these have recently been shown to possess remarkable antimicrobial and antiinflamtory activities. The present review describes important information about dye-yelding herbs and their medicinal properties

Effect of foot hyperpronation on spine alignment, in standing position

According to clinical observation, foot hyperpronation is very prevalent and may cause malalignment of the lower extremity in which can lead to structural and functional deficits in standing and walking. The aim of this study was to investigate of foot hyperpronation effect on spine alignment in standing position. Thirty-five healthy male ranging 18-30 years old were participated in this study. Evaluation was performed with two examiner in four standing positions [on the floor, on the wedges angled at 10, 15 and 20 degrees] using motion analysis system [zebris] and each one of measurement methods repeated three times. SPSS version 17.0 and paired t- test and repeated measures were used for statistical analysis. Significant difference was seen between all modes in sacral angle, pelvic inclination, lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis variables [except between the first and second mode. Finally, with increasing wedge angle, a positive correlation obtained for the examiners and all variables. The results of this study showed with increasing bilateral foot pronation, sacral angle, pelvic inclination, lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were increased. In fact, each one of them considered a compensatory phenomenon

[ effect of poron layered insole on ground reaction force in comparison with common insole on subjects with flexible flat foot]

Flexible flat foot is a congenital common deformity in lower extremity associated with ligamentus laxity. This deformity may cause hammer toe, heel spur, inflammation of achille tendon, early muscle fatigue during sport, foot imbalance and pain in leg, knee and hip. The use of insole with medial arch support considered as one of the common treatments for patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a composite insole, Ethy1 Viny1 Acetate [EVA] with Poron layer on ground reaction force on subjects with flexible flat foot in comparison with common EVA insole. Fifty two subjects [14 Male and 38 female] between 18-40 years of age with flexible flat foot participated in this study. Twenty six subjects received Poron insole [EVA with Poron layer] and 26 subjects received common EVA insole. After assessment each subject asked to walk with normal speed across two force plate in two conditions, walking with insole and shoe and walking without insole. Then each subject asked to use insole for forty hours during two weeks. Vertical ground reaction force in the first session and after two weeks was assessed. Impact force and first peak of vertical ground reaction force [F[1]] with Poron insole in comparison with shoe significantly increased in second session [P<0.05]. The second peak [F[3]] with common insole in comparison with shoe significantly increased in second session [P<0.05]. Significant reduction was noted in first peak [F1] with common insole in second session in comparison with first session [P<0.05]. There was no observable significant difference in two groups before and after intervention. The results of this preliminary study show that both insoles change vertical ground reaction force in comparison with shoe alone. But using a composite Poron Layer on EVA insole has not demonstrated a significant difference with common arch support insoles. Therefore application of Poron Silicon layer on EVA insole by itself can not show a significant reduction of ground reaction force

Investigation of genetic causes of intellectual disability in Kerman province, south east of Iran

Intellectual disability [ID] has a worldwide prevalence of 1-3% and results from extraordinary heterogeneous. To shed more light on the causes of ID in Kerman Province, in Southeast Iran, we set out in 2008 to perform systematic clinical studies and homozygosity mapping in large Iranian families with ID. Fifty seven families with a minimum of two mentally retarded children from Kerman Province were initially tested for metabolic disorders, by Tandem mass spectrometry. Fragile X testing and standard karyotyping were performed for all probands of families. Cases with autosomal recessive [AR] pattern of inheritance and microcephaly were subjected to homozygosity mapping by using several microsatellite markers for known MCPH loci. Three out of seven families with X-linked pattern of inheritance were positive for fragile X syndrome. Chromosome abnormality was not observed in any of dysmorphic patients and all families were negative for metabolic tests. Among the remaining 50 families of AR ID, six were found to be microcephalic, of which 2 linked to two MCPH loci [33.3%]. The rest 4 families were not linked to any of the known loci. The results of this study showed that ID with microcephaly comprised 12% of ID cases in Kerman Province. In two families with apparent linkage to the MCPH5 and MCPH6 locus, mutation screening was not successful, which might indicate that either the mutation is located in the regulatory sequences of the gene or that there might be another genes present in these regions, which is mutated in such cases

[DFNB59 gene mutations and its association with deafness in schoolchildren in kohgilooyeh and Boyerahmad province]

Hearing loss is a common disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Hearing loss can be caused due to genetic or environmental factors or even both. The genetic of hearing defect is highly heterogeneous and more than 100 genes are predicted to cause this disorder in humans. A newly identified gene [DFNB59] has been shown to cause deafness in some populations. Here we report mutation analysis for DFNB59 gene in 88 genetic non-syndromic hearing loss subjects. In this descriptive-lab based study which was conducted at the Cellular and Molecular Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples using standard phenol chloroform procedure. Mutation analysis for DFNB59 gene was performed using PCR-SSCP/HA protocol. The suspected DFNB59 which was detected as shifted bands on PAGE were then confirmed by direct sequencing strategy. Two DFNB59 polymorphisms including c.793C>G and c.793C>T were detected in 8 and 1 deaf subjects respectively. We conclude that there is no association between DFNB59 mutations and deafness in the studied patients in the region

[Effect of royal jelly on sterile wound healing in balb/C mice]

Wound healing is the process of repairing following injury to the skin and other soft tissues. Following injury, inflammatory response occurs and the cells below the dermis begin to increase collagen production, later on, the epithelial tissue is regenerated. Royal jelly [RJ] is a bee product. There are many reports on pharmacological activity of RJ on experimented animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RJ on the induction of wound healing of sterile incision in Balb/C mice. In this experimental study which was conducted at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 60 female Balb/C mice [8 weeks old] were selected. The mice were anesthetized with ether. The dorsal fur of the animals was shaved and sterilized with alcohol, and then a longitudinal para vertebral full thickness incision of 10mm long was made. The animals were then divided into six equal groups. In group one [negative control], nothing was applied to the wound. Group 2 [positive control] was treated with nitrofurazon ointment, group 3 was treated with RJ 200 mg/kg daily, group 4 was treated with RJ 200 mg/kg every two days, group 5 was treated with RJ 300 mg/kg daily, group 6 treated with RJ 300 mg/kg every two days. Royal jelly was topically used on the wounds. The wound length was measured with vernier capilar every two days until the complete healing was occurred. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 using Kruscal Walis tests. There was a significant difference between groups 1, 2 with the other groups [p< 0.015]. RJ promoted wound healing activity significantly in group 3, 5 compared to negative and positive control groups. There was no significant difference between the dosage of 200mg/kg with 300 mg/kg of RJ [p>0.015]. The results of this study indicated that daily application of RJ possesses betters wound healing effects than nitrofurazon

[Chemical composition and antibacterial effects of rosmarinus officinalis L essential oil with lysozyme on listeria monocytogenes]

Rosmarinus officinalis L. as a member of the Lamiaceae family and lysozyme as a natural antibacterial agent is important in food microbiology, because of its characteristics. The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition and anti-listerial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil [REO] alone and in combination with lysozyme for enhancement of anti-listerial activity of both substances. Rosmarinus officinalis L. was purchased from a local grocery store at Shahrekord and was identified by the Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR. The air-dried aerial parts were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus to obtain essential oil and yielded oil was analyzed by GC/MS. Antibacterial activity [on basis of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] of REO was studied separately and in combination with unheated lysozyme [L] and heat-treated lysozyme [HTL] on Listeria monocytogenes at different pH [5, 6 and 7] by a micro-broth dilution assay. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. In the current study, 98.05% of constituents of the essential oil were identified. The major components were alpha-pinene [14.06%], 1, 8-cineole [13.62%], verbenone [11.2%], camphor [10.51%], borneol [7.3%], 3-octanone [7.02%], camphene [5.46%] and linalool [5.07%]. The inhibitory action of REO was stronger at lower pH especially 5 [MIC=225 micro g/mL]. Inhibition by L at pH 5 was 640 micro g/mL but no inhibition was seen at pH 7. HTL resulted in more effective inhibition than L, especially at pH 5 and heat-treatment 80°C [MIC: 160 micro g/mL]. Combination of L + REO and particularly HTL + REO was led to enhancement of bacterial inhibition. It was concluded that REQ by the identified chemical composition was effective alone or in combination with L or HTL on Listeria monocytogenes as a food-borne pathogen

Biosorption of nickel [II] from aqueous solutions by marine red alga gracilaria corticat

The kinds of pollutants such as heavy metals, especially, can be removed from water and waste water by biological materials via biosorption.These heavy metals can be also recovered by adsorbents. The mentioned methods have more importance due to the advantages such as cheapness. In this study marine red alga Gerasilaria sp. was used as an aquatic fern to remove Ni2+in the flow operation. A glass column with an internal diameter of 2 Cm and 35 Cm in length were investigated as a packed column. The adsorption process with influencing factors such as initial concentrations, pH, retention time [15, 30 and 45 min], and adsorbent dosage [2.5 and 3.5 g] in temperature home were considered. Synthetic solution of Ni [II] in distilled water was prepared using NiCl[2].6H[2]O [97%] with initial concentrations 25, 40, 70 mg/L. The maximum uptake at pH=5 were obtained 83.01%, 80.69% and78.23% respectively. An atomic absorption spectrometer [GBC-932] was used for analyses of the artificial waste after exposure to alga. It was shown that the non-living Gerasilaria sp. adsorb according to Langmuier physical low and the kinetic studies was appeared that all of the used non-living alga samples adsorbed according to a second order model of kinetic

[ effect of implementing "BARS" method on student nurses' managerial skills in nursing management practicum]

Clinical education is fundamental to nursing science. One of the most important domains in clinical education is clinical evaluation. Today, new methods in evaluation such as "BARS" can measure expected behaviors in specific job better than old methods, because of their structure that focus on specific behaviors of job. So, they may be effective for quality improvement in clinical teaching. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of implementing "BARS" method on student nurses' managerial skills in nursing management practicum. This was a quasi-experimental study. All students [n=60] was randomly assigned to either experimental or control group. At first, the students in control group were trained and evaluated by their instructors. The next semester, the same instructors applied "BARS" method for experimental group. This method works based on critical events or special behaviors in nursing management practicum. At the end of practicum, students' managerial skills in two groups were measured by checklist. The data were analyzed by SPSS. The findings showed that managerial skills was significantly different between experimental [=113.41] and control [=83.83] group [P=0.005]. Therefore, implementing "BARS" evaluation method is effective on improving managerial skills of nursing students. "BARS" as an evaluation method could evaluate specific and expected behaviors of student nurses in management practicum better than the old ones. Also, it could improve the quality of clinical teaching

Evaluating the effect of DMSO concentrations on y-globin expression in Hull cells

Evaluating the effect of DMSO concentrations on g-globin expression in Hu11 cells Asgharian AM1, Banan M2, Deilami Z1, Gharesouran J3, Ghasemi S4, Behjati F2, Javadi GR5, Kahrizi K6, Najmabadi H7 1 PhD Student of cell and molecular biology, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. 2 Assistant professor, Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Tehran, Iran. 3 Student of MSc of Genetics, Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Tehran, Iran. 4 MSc of Genetics,Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Tehran, Iran. 5 Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Campus, Tehran, Iran. 6 Associate Professor, Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Tehran, Iran. 7 Professor, Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abstract Background: Understanding of the mechanisms involved in gamma- to beta-globin switching may be important for development of treatment options for b-thalassemia. Such studies require the availability of relevant cellular model systems. One such cell type is Hu11, a mouse erythroleukemia [MEL] cell line containing the human b-locus. MEL and Hu11 cells differentiate in the presence of the chemical dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]. Nevertheless, levels of gamma-globin induction in Hu11 cells after DMSO treatment have not been determined. In the present study, we determined gamma-globin levels in Hu11 cells after treatment with various DMSO concentrations. Materials and methods: Hu11 cells were cultivated in various DMSO concentrations and the levels of gamma-globin were determined by real-time PCR. Results: Our study showed that hemoglobin in Hu11 cells treated with 1% and 2% DMSO was increased by approximately 5 and 10 folds. Moreover real-time PCR results showed that g-globin levels using the indicated DMSO levels were increased by 66 and 298 folds, respectively. Hu11 cells differentiate in the presence of DMSO, and in doing so, their gamma-globin levels are increased. Therefore these cells can be used to study the mechanisms of gamma-globin induction. Such studies may be beneficial for the treatment of beta-thalassemia

Comparison of premarital educational needs among would be spouses in Molahady center [Isfahan 2004]

One of the most important events in the life of people is marriage. Premarital counselling can help would be spouses first to get knowledge and then get married. Since, educational need assessment studies are essential to design every educational program, this study tried to evaluate the educational needs of would be spouses and to compare them between men and women. This research is a descriptive-comparative study with the goal of assessing educational needs of would be spouses in 4 fields [reproductive health, family planning, diseases and prevention of common cancers] in 300 women and men. Data were collected by a questionnaire with 57 questions in 2 sections [demographic and educational subjects]. Descriptive statistical methods and T-test were used to analyse the data. Findings of this study indicated significant differences between men and women's educational needs in all of the fields [p<0/05] with exception of cancer prevention. Also, all of the samples in both groups needed all these subjects. Premarital counselors must be aware of premarital educational needs of would be spouses and then design educational programs according to these needs. Inclusion of above four fields, investigated by this study, in designing educational programs is suggested