Microorganisms responsible for urinary trcat infections in diabetes mellitus patients and their response to antibiotics

Objective: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infection [UTI] in diabetes mellitus patients

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study, conducted from October to December 2017 at department of Microbiology, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. A total of 200 samples of urine, were collected from outdoor patient department of diagnosed diabetic patients and were inoculated on a CLED agar. These cultures plates were placed in incubator at 35-37 degree C in aerobic environment. Positive cultures having growth were identified by their colony characteristics, appearance and confirmed by biochemical tests. Pure culture was obtained and inoculated on Nutrient agar plate and discs of amoxicillin clavulanic acid [20Mug: 10Mug], ciprofloxacin [5Mug], imipenem [10 Mug], piperacillin tazobactam [10Mug] and gentamicin [10Mug] were applied. Plates were examined to read the zones of inhibition according to CLSI. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Version 20

Results: Uropathogens were isolated from 200 urine samples. Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolate [52%], followed by Klebsiella species [17%], Proteus species [8%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [6%] and Staphylococcus species[17%]. Gram positive bacteria were highly sensitive to imipenem, Sulzone [Cefoperazone/Sulbactam]. Gram negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem, sulzone, Fosfomycin, ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin and resistant to amoxicillin clavulanic acid, nitrofurantoin, piprracillin tazobactam and gentamicin

Conclusion: DM patients are prone to Urinary Treat Infection and should carefully be treated after culture and sensitivity, as rational use of antibiotics make it difficult to treat. Microbial Drug Resistance against uropathogens is a major problem and this problem should be properly evaluated

Role of tsh only strategy for the diagnosis of thyroid disease

Background: Serum thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] is advised to assess thyroid function and can be used to replace TFTs

Objective: To evaluate the role of TSH only for diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in tertiary care hospital

Methodology: Study design: Cross sectional study. Study setting: Endocrinology, section of Pathology Department and Surgery Department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

Study Subjects: Patients referred for routine thyroid disease from surgical ward were selected for study. Their history was taken and detailed clinical examination was carried out

Data Collection: Data of all the patients in whom TSH, fT[4] and fT[3] tests or TSH and fT[4] were ordered by clinicians during the period of study was collected. ffT[3] , fT[4] and TSH were analyzed by fourth generation of ECLIA. Samples were assayed in batches, and sometimes 3 4 assays were performed in duplicate when necessary

Results: This study shows that TSH only strategy has 100% sensitivity in both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid cases when TSH plus fT was taken as golden standard, whereas in hypothyroid cases 4 specificity was 86% and in hyperthyroid cases was 90%

Conclusion:This study shows that TSH only strategy can be used as first line test for the diagnosis of thyroid disease and it has good sensitivity and specificity, as many patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism are diagnosed primarily on the basis of TSH measurement only

Bilateral anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in a child on continuous peritoneal dialysis case report and literature review

Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy [NAION] is a serious complication of continuous peritoneal dialysis [CPD] which can lead to poor vision and blindness. We report a five-year-old girl who had undergone a bilateral nephrectomy at the age of one year and was on home CPD. She was referred to the Paediatric Ophthalmology Unit of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2013 with acute bilateral vision loss, preceded by a three-day history of poor oral intake. At presentation, the patient had severe systemic hypotension. An ophthalmological examination revealed severe bilateral visual impairment and NAION. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and normal saline boluses. At a five-month follow-up, the visual acuity of the right eye had improved but vision in the left eye remained the same. Acute bilateral blindness due to NAION while on CPD is a rare condition in childhood. Paediatricians should be aware of this complication in order to ensure prompt management

New ocular associations in Sanjad-Sakati syndrome: case report from Oman

Sanjad-Sakati syndrome [SSS; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [OMIM] #241410], also known as hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism [HRD] syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disorder in which prenatal-onset extreme growth retardation, congenital hypoparathyroidism and craniofacial dysmorphism result from mutations in the tubulin-specific chaperone E [TBCE] gene on chromosome 1q42-43. We report unique ophthalmic findings in a two-year-old child with molecularly confirmed SSS, who was admitted to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Oman at 11 weeks old with bilateral congenital corneal clouding. The ophthalmic findings in this patient were linked to faulty microtubule assembly in the brain, abnormal intracellular membrane transport and the resulting metabolic derangement seen in patients with SSS

Inhibitory effect of antioxidants on ferric nitrilotriacetic acid chelate mediated peroxidation of methyllinoleate

Antioxidants, namely mannitol, gallic acid, quercetin, Alpha-tocopheryl acetate, and ascorbic acid, were evaluated for their inhibitory activities on the peroxidation of methyllinoleate [ML] induced by 1:2 ferric-nitrilotriacetic acid [Fe [III] [NTA] 2] chelate. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS] assay was used to measure the inhibitory effect of the antioxidants [AOXs]. The results of this study have revealed that Fe [III] [NTA] 2-mediated peroxidation of ML was inhibited by each of the antioxidants used and the inhibition was concentration dependent. The decreasing order of inhibition of peroxidation of ML by the antioxidants at 1 mM concentration was found to be as follows: gallic acid > quercetin > mannitol > tocopheryl acetate > ascorbic acid. The probable causes of the observed decreasing order of inhibitory effect for the studied antioxidants have also been discussed

Long term tea intake attenuates brain monoamine metabolism in rats

Tea is one of the most popular caffeine containing beverages consumed all over the world for increasing work performance and as a social drink. In the present study effects of long term intake of tea administration are monitored on the activity and brain monoamine levels in rats. Animals taking tea as sole source of liquid exhibited a significant increase in the home cage activity after one week which was normalized after four weeks of treatment. No effect of tea was observed on the activity of rats in an open field. Four weeks of tea intake did not alter plasma tryptophan [TRP] levels but increased plasma glucose levels. The concentration of TRP and 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT, serotonin] but not 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid [5-HIAA] decreased in the brain. Brain levels of dopamine [DA], dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid [DOPAC] and homovanillic acid [HVA] were also significantly attenuated in tea-treated rats. The findings are explained in terms of tea increasing activity in a familiar but not novel environment. Decrease in brain monoamine metabolism following long term tea administration may be involved in the lowering of mood observed in the consumers

Antagonism of caffeine induced behavioral and neurochemical responses by diazepam

Caffeine injected at doses of 80mg/kg i. p; elicited a specific rotatory behaviour in rats, which was antagonized by low [1mg/kg] doses of diazepam. Decreases of openfield locomotion were not antagonized by diazepam. Caffeine administration resulted in an increase of tryptophan concentration in the hippocampus, cortex and brain stem, but decreased it in the hypothalamus and striatum. Diazepam administration also increased tryptophan levels in the hippocampus, brain stem and striatum; but decreased it in the cortex and hypothalamus. Caffeine plus diazepam co - administration normalized tryptophan levels only in the hippocampus and cortex. A role of hippocampal and cortical serotonin in caffeine - induced anxiety and anti - anxiety effects of diazepam is discussed

Influence of vanadium on lipid profiles and lipid peroxidation in rat liver

Twenty four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered sodium matavanadate [2.5 mg/kg body wt] for 7 consecutive days by intraperitoneal route. Results revealed significant diminution in the levels of phospholipids, cholesterol and cerebrosides, but significant increment in gangliosides contents in rat liver following vanadium-treatment. Occurrence of lipid peroxidation was also accelerated. These studies have implicated that vanadium-induced stimulation of lipid peroxidation was the event leading to oxidative degradation of lipids in rat liver. However, malfunctioning of gangliosides led to their increment