RESUMO
To determine the hepatoprotective effect of Aqueous extract of Stem Bark of Berberis Lycium Royale in Isoniazid [INH] induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Experimental study. The study was conducted from 7[th] April 2014 till 7[th] May 2014 at animal house of National Institute of Health, Islamabad. Fifty six male albino Balb/C mice were randomly divided into four groups i.e Group I: Control group [C], Group II: Drug treated group [D], Group III: Low Aqueous group [LA], Group IV: High Aqueous group [HA] of 14 mice each. INH [50 mg/kg] was given to induce hepatotoxicity in all groups except control group [C]. Aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis Lycium Royle was given in low doses [150 mg/kg] to Low Aqueous group [LA] and in high doses [200 mg/kg] to High Aqueous group [HA]. Blood samples were collected at day [0,15[th] and 30[th]] for estimation of Liver function tests [LFTs]. At the end samples for liver histopathology were taken. INH produced severe hepatotoxicity as depicted by raised LFT's and severe steatosis, hepatocytic ballooning and inflammation. In animals of Low Aqueous group [LA] and High Aqueous group [HA], serum levels of biomarkers were decreased and their liver sections showed improved histological picture but the reduction in toxic effects were more pronounced in animals treated with high Aqueous group. [HA]. Aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis Lycium Royale has more significant hepatoprotective potential in high doses as compare to low doses
RESUMO
To determine the prevalence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens and to correlate it with age, parity and associated pathologies. Descriptive Study. This study was carried out at the pathology department, Railway hospital, Islamic International Medical College trust Rawalpindi, from Jan 2008-Dec, 2010. Two hundreds and four hysterectomy specimens were included in the study. Standard histological techniques were followed and at least three sections were taken from the uterine wall. Adenomyosis was diagnosed if endometrial glands and stroma were found at least one low-power field away from the endometrial-myometrial junction. Out of 204 hysterectomy specimens received in the pathology laboratory during three year study period 47 [23%] had adenomyosis. The age of patients with adenomyosis ranged from 32-64 years, a significantly higher prevalence being reported in those aged 40-59 years. A high prevalence of adenomyosis was found in multiparous women. No adenomyosis was found in nulliparous women. The analysis of other pathological entities [one or more in a single specimen], associated with adenomyosis showed uterine leiomyomas in 16 [34%], endometrial hyperplasia in 4 [8.5%] and endometrial polyps in 2 [4.2%] women. Adenomyosis is commonly found in multiparous women. Definite association with fibroids, endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia cannot be established