RESUMO
Medicinal plants are an important aspect of local medical systems. The composition of a medicinal plant collection is influenced by cultural and environmental factors. Additionally, the functionality of a local medical system can be threatened by the replacement of native species with exotic ones, as well as by cultural factors such as the erosion of knowledge. The objectives of this study are: 1) examine the composition of the medicinal plant collection of two rural communities settled in the caatinga (savanna-like vegetation) of the state of Pernambuco (Brazil); 2) observe the role of exotic plants in the local medical systems; and 3) identify the profile of the species utilized according to the Utilitarian Redundancy Model. Similarities were observed between the medicinal floras of the communities studied, emphasizing the importance of the surrounding biome within the possibilities of species selection, although exotic species appear to contribute by increasing the diversity of species considered in the communities to be medicinal. The native species act broadly among the body systems recognized in the two communities, whereas exotic species act in specific body systems, for which there are few associated native species.
RESUMO
As armas de fogo são largamente utilizadas para a prática de homicídios, suicídios e lesões corporais. Utilizadas pelas forças policiais em todo o mundo, provocam lesões caracterizadas por extensa destruição tecidual, cujo tratamento é complexo e requer, muitas vezes, grandes reconstruções. Na tentativa de controlar situações de agitação social, manifestações, tumultos ou depredações sem, contudo, matar ou ferir gravemente os participantes, a polícia vem utilizando armas de munição não letal. embora não letal, se a munição atingir partes delicadas do corpo, pode causar danos importantes ou, até mesmo, levar à morte da vítima. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de um paciente atendido no Serviço de emergência do Hospital Municipal Salgado Filho/RJ-Brasil, vítima de fratura de mandíbula, em decorrência de uma agressão por projétil não letal bem como discutir a capacidade de morbidade dessas munições que, embora consideradas não letais, se incorretamente utilizadas, podem levar ao óbito.
Firearms are widely used for the practice of homicides, suicides and injuries. Used by police forces around the world, causing lesions characterized by extensive tissue destruction, whose treatment is complex and often requires, large reconstructions. In an attempt to control situations of social unrest, demonstrations, riots or vandalism without, however, kill or seriously injure the participants, the police have been using non-lethal weapons ammunition. While not lethal, if the ammunition reaches delicate parts of the body can cause serious damage or even lead to death of the victim. The aim of this study was to report a case of a patient treated at the emergency Service of the Salgado Filho Municipal Hospital / RJ-Brazil, victim of mandible fracture as a result of an assault by non-lethal projectile, as well as discuss the ability of morbidity this ammunition that, while considered non-lethal, if used incorrectly, can lead to death.
RESUMO
A penetração de corpos estranhos na cavidade orbitária normalmente ocorre pelo trauma direto e penetrante. A depender da localização e da composição do corpo estranho, o diagnóstico pode ser feito por observação direta ou mediante exames de imagens. As radiografias convencionais, as ultrassonografias, as tomografias computadorizadas e a ressonância magnética são exames auxiliares no diagnóstico. Entretanto, a natureza de alguns corpos estranhos pode dificultar a sua identificação a despeito dos exames de imagem utilizados. A presença de corpos estranhos na cavidade orbitária pode resultar em celulites orbitárias, lesões oculares, lesões cutâneas adjacentes, amaurose, perda parcial da acuidade visual, entre outras complicações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de uma paciente, 17 anos de idade, feoderma, agredida com um pedaço de madeira, diretamente sobre a órbita esquerda. A paciente evoluiu com celulite orbitária refratária à antibioticoterapia e perda da acuidade visual do olho esquerdo. A radiografia de face não revelou a presença de corpos estranhos. Na tomografia computadorizada das cavidades orbitárias, observou-se, na órbita esquerda, imagens com densidade semelhante a ar. A paciente foi, então, submetida à cirurgia exploratória, sob anestesia geral, no Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto /RJ, e nela inúmeros fragmentos de madeira foram removidos, evoluindo com remissão do processo infeccioso.
The intrusion of foreign bodies into the orbital cavity usually occurs through direct and penetrating trauma. Depending on the location and composition of the foreign body, the diagnosis can be made by direct observation or by the analysis of imaging studies. Conventional radiography, ultrasound, CAT scans and MRI are used as auxiliary investigations in the diagnosis. However, the nature of some foreign bodies can make their identification difficult, even with the use of imaging techniques. The presence of foreign bodies in the orbital cavity may result in orbital cellulitis, eye lesions, adjacent skin lesions, blindness, partial loss of visual acuity, among other complications. The aim of this study was to report the clinical case of a female dark-skinned patient, aged 17, injured by a piece of wood directly onto her left orbit. The patient developed orbital cellulitis, which was unresponsive to conventional antibiotic therapy, and loss of visual acuity. Radiography of the face did not reveal the retention of any foreign bodies. Computed tomography of the orbital cavity revealed images with a density similar to that of air were observed. The patient underwent exploratory surgery under general anesthesia at Hospital Miguel Couto - RJ, resulting in the removal of many wood fragments from the orbital cavity and the resulting remission of the infectious process.