Research progress of prostate health index in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Despite the increasing number of patients was diagnosed with prostate cancer due to widespread cancer screening, PSA testing does not differentiate between lethal and slow-growing inert prostate cancers. This leads to a proportion of patients being over-diagnosed and consequently over-treated.The current study has found that PSA exists as a precursor to post-translational modification, and that [-2]proPSA originates only from the peripheral zone of the prostate. Furthermore, the study has shown that prostate health index (PHI) calculated from [-2]proPSA, fPSA, and PSA has a higher positive predictive value for prostate cancer, making it useful in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. This article reviews the progress of research related to PHI in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Research progress in the mechanism of antibody-drug conjugate and its application in the treatment of bladder cancer / 现代泌尿外科杂志

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract. Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, but BC is markedly heterogeneous, leading to unsatisfactory outcomes. Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), a new type of targeted drug, has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of tumors by coupling a chemical junction with a highly cytotoxic small molecule, which can exert anti-tumor effects while avoiding the impacts on normal cells. To date, several ADCs have been used in the treatment of BC at home and abroad, and play an increasingly important role in the field of BC therapy. This article briefly introduces the mechanism of ADC, the current application of ADC in BC treatment, and the problems and challenges faced, hoping to provide reference for clinical work.

Advances in the comprehensive treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with preservation of the bladder / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Bladder cancer(BC) ranks the first of genitourinary tumor in China and is one of the most common urological malignancies, in which 25%-30% of patients were diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Radical cystectomy combined with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard procedure for treatment, which can effectively avoid tumor recurrence or distant metastasis as well as improve the prognosis of patients. However, some patients may not tolerate or refuse to undergo radical bladder surgery due to worry about high complication rate, high morbidity and poor postoperative quality of life. With the increasing understanding of bladder cancer heterogeneity and biological behavior, the treatment of bladder cancer has changed from a surgery-based treatment model to an individualized and comprehensive treatment model by multidisciplinary collaboration. The bladder-preserving treatment can achieve the same oncological prognosis as that of radical bladder surgery with a better quality of life of the patients, which has become a hot topic and focus of research in muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment. This article reviewed the progress of research related to the comprehensive treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with preservation of the bladder.

Research progress on the role of exosomes in bladder cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Exosomes are widely distributed in various body fluids. They are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-100nm that contain a variety of biologically active substances. They play an important role in a variety of biological processes such as tumor invasion, migration and immune escape. With the progress of research, exosomes derived from bladder cancer have shown great potential in the early diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. This article reviews the main biological characteristics of exosomes and their new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

Clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity in children with invasive pneumococcal disease: a multicenter study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical characteristics, drug sensitivity of isolated strains, and risk factors of drug resistance in children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).@*METHODS@#The clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity of the isolated strains of 246 hospitalized children with IPD in nine grade A tertiary children's hospitals from January 2016 to June 2018 were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Of the 246 children with IPD, there were 122 males and 124 females. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 14 years, and among them, 68 (27.6%) patients were less than 1 year old, 54 (22.0%) patients were 1 to 2 years old, 97 (39.4%) patients were 2 to 5 years old, and 27 (11.0%) patients were 5 to 14 years old. Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common infection type (58.5%, 144/246), followed by bloodstream infection without focus (19.9%, 49/246) and meningitis (15.0%, 37/246). Forty-nine (19.9%) patients had underlying diseases, and 160 (65.0%) had various risk factors for drug resistance. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, 90% sensitive to ertapenem, ofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, but had a low sensitivity to erythromycin (4.2%), clindamycin (7.9%), and tetracycline (6.3%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#IPD is more common in children under 5 years old, especially in those under 2 years old. Some children with IPD have underlying diseases, and most of the patients have various risk factors for drug resistance. Pneumonia with sepsis is the most common infection type. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ertapenem, and ceftriaxone in children with IPD.

Role of adiponectin in prostate cancer: A preliminary study / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the relationship of the serum adiponectin level with the development of prostate cancer (PCa) and its influence on the biological characteristics of PCa cells.@*METHODS@#This retrospective case-control study included 45 cases of PCa and 50 non-PCa controls. We analyzed the relationship of the serum adiponectin level with the development of PCa. Using the lentiviral vector, we constructed a stably transfected cell line with adiponectin receptor deficiency, treated the PCa cells with adiponectin, and determined the influence of the adiponectin level on the biological behavior of the PC-3 cells by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, tube formation assay and scratch wound healing assay.@*RESULTS@#The level of serum adiponectin was decreased in the PCa patients as compared with the controls and it was negatively correlated with the Gleason scores. Adiponectin suppressed the proliferation, migration and tube formation of the PC-3 cells and inhibited them from transforming into S-stage cells. In the condition of adiponectin receptor deficiency, the PC-3 cells exhibited even greater abilities of proliferation, migration and pro-angiogenesis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The decreased level of the serum adiponectin or deficiency of adiponectin receptor may contribute to the development of prostate cancer.

Effect of carbapenem exposure on isolation rate of multidrug-resistant organisms and prognosis of elderly patients with severe pneumonia / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of carbapenem exposure on isolation rate of multidrug resistant organisms(MDROs) and prognosis of elderly patients with severe pneumonia.Methods Elderly patients with severe pneumonia and admitted to the intensive care unit in a hospital between February 2014 and February 2016 were investigated retrospectively.According to whether there was carbapenem exposure,patients were divided into group A(carbapenem exposure group) and group B(carbapenem non exposure group).Patients in group A were subdivided into two subgroups according to exposure time of carbapenems,group A1 received carbapenems for＞7 days,group A2 received carbapenems for ≤7 days.The isolation rates of MDROs,mechanical ventilation days,length of stay in ICU,and 28 day mortality among groups were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 86 patients were enrolled in the investigation,57 were males and 29 were females;the average age was (80.12 + 10.45) years (range:65-92 years).There were 40 cases in group A,46 in group B;24 cases in group A1,and 16 in group A2.The isolation rates of MDROs in group A and group B were 65.00％ and 36.96％ respectively,difference was sta tistically significant(P＜0.05);Comparison between two groups of patients revealed that mechanical ventilation days,length of stay in ICU,and 28 day mortality in group A were all higher than group B,difference was statistically significant(all P＜0.05);the isolation rates of MDROs in group A1 was higher than group A2 (75.00％ vs 43.75％,P＜0.05)；mechanical ventilation days of group A1 was higher than group A2 ([7.69 ± 2.22]d vs [6.34±-1.56]d,P＜0.05);28-day mortality and length of stay in ICU between group A1 and A2 were not significantly different(both P＞0.05).Conclusion Carbapenem exposure can increase the occurrence of MDRO infection,especially the non-fermentative bacterial colonization or infection,and prolong the mechanical ventilation days and length of stay in ICU,thus affect the prognosis of patients.

Research progresses on the role of adiponectin and its receptors in prostate cancer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Prostate cancer is a hormone-associated malignancy and is closely related to obesity in terms of epidemiology and molecular mechanisms.Adiponectin, an adipocytokine produced by adipokine and secreted by adipocyte, exhibits anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, anti-proliferation, and proapoptosis actions on various organs in an endocrine form. Obesity leads to a decrease in adiponectin level, which is closely associated with the occurrence of many tumors. Studies have showed that prostate cancer patients had lower serum adiponectin levels and decreased expression of adiponectin receptors in tumor tissues, which suggest that functional defects of adiponectin and its receptors may be relevant to the occurrence and development of prostate cancer.This paper reviews adiponectin and its receptors' functions, signaling pathways, and roles in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of prostate cancer.

A modified closed-loop double-endobutton technique for the treatment of Rockwood type Ⅲ acromioclavic-ular joint dislocation / 医学研究生学报

Objective Double-endobutton technique , as a widely accepted strategy for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation ( ACD ) , is undergoing constant improvement .This study was to assess the clinical effect of a modified closed-loop double-endobutton technique ( CDT) in the fixation of Rockwood type Ⅲ ACD . Methods This retrospective study included 60 cases of Rockwood type Ⅲ ACD treated between January 2010 and December 2015, 30 by modified CDT (MCDT) and the other 30 by conventional CDT (CCDT).We recorded and compared the operation time, incision length , intraoperative blood loss , pre-and post-opera-tive scores in the Constant-Murley Scale ( CMS ) , UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale ( SRS) , American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Rating Scale ( ARS) and Oxford Shoulder Score ( OSS), and the vertical distance from the supraclavian to subcoracoid plane ( CC-Dist ) be-tween the two groups of patients . Results Compared with the CCDT group, the MCDT group showed a significantly shorter operation time ([78.33±11.47] vs [52.33±8.48] min, P<0.05) and less intraoperative blood loss ([103.00±7.38] vs [79.17±9.75] mL, P<0.05).In comparison with the baseline, the patients of MCDT group achieved markedly improved scores at 12 months after surgery in CMS (46.60±2.09 vs 97.67±0.88, P<0.05), SRS (14.70±1.24 vs 32.17±1.21, P<0.05), ARS (44.23±2.40 vs 91.83±1.62, P<0.05), OSS (45.07±3.10 vs 15.80±1.81, P<0.05), and CC-Dist ([16.76±0.88] vs [7.57±0.73] mm, P<0.05). Conclusion MCDT, with the advantages of easier , tighter, and fas-ter reduction and fixation , is obviously superior to CCDT in the treatment of Rockwood type Ⅲ ACD .

Research progresses on the role of adiponectin and its receptors in prostate cancer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Prostate cancer is a hormone-associated malignancy and is closely related to obesity in terms of epidemiology and molecular mechanisms.Adiponectin, an adipocytokine produced by adipokine and secreted by adipocyte, exhibits anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, anti-proliferation, and proapoptosis actions on various organs in an endocrine form. Obesity leads to a decrease in adiponectin level, which is closely associated with the occurrence of many tumors. Studies have showed that prostate cancer patients had lower serum adiponectin levels and decreased expression of adiponectin receptors in tumor tissues, which suggest that functional defects of adiponectin and its receptors may be relevant to the occurrence and development of prostate cancer.This paper reviews adiponectin and its receptors' functions, signaling pathways, and roles in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of prostate cancer.

A modified closed-loop double-endobutton technique for the treatment of Rockwood type Ⅲ acromioclavic-ular joint dislocation / 医学研究生学报

Objective Double-endobutton technique , as a widely accepted strategy for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation ( ACD ) , is undergoing constant improvement .This study was to assess the clinical effect of a modified closed-loop double-endobutton technique ( CDT) in the fixation of Rockwood type Ⅲ ACD . Methods This retrospective study included 60 cases of Rockwood type Ⅲ ACD treated between January 2010 and December 2015, 30 by modified CDT (MCDT) and the other 30 by conventional CDT (CCDT).We recorded and compared the operation time, incision length , intraoperative blood loss , pre-and post-opera-tive scores in the Constant-Murley Scale ( CMS ) , UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale ( SRS) , American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Rating Scale ( ARS) and Oxford Shoulder Score ( OSS), and the vertical distance from the supraclavian to subcoracoid plane ( CC-Dist ) be-tween the two groups of patients . Results Compared with the CCDT group, the MCDT group showed a significantly shorter operation time ([78.33±11.47] vs [52.33±8.48] min, P<0.05) and less intraoperative blood loss ([103.00±7.38] vs [79.17±9.75] mL, P<0.05).In comparison with the baseline, the patients of MCDT group achieved markedly improved scores at 12 months after surgery in CMS (46.60±2.09 vs 97.67±0.88, P<0.05), SRS (14.70±1.24 vs 32.17±1.21, P<0.05), ARS (44.23±2.40 vs 91.83±1.62, P<0.05), OSS (45.07±3.10 vs 15.80±1.81, P<0.05), and CC-Dist ([16.76±0.88] vs [7.57±0.73] mm, P<0.05). Conclusion MCDT, with the advantages of easier , tighter, and fas-ter reduction and fixation , is obviously superior to CCDT in the treatment of Rockwood type Ⅲ ACD .

Progress of research on microRNA and Alzheimer's disease / 中华医学遗传学杂志

MicroRNA are a group of non-coding RNA which, through regulating expression of proteins at post-transcription level, plays an important role in modulating growth and development of nervous system, cell differentiation and functions. Altered expression of microRNA in the brain may influence development and advance of Alzheimer's disease from multiple perspectives. Research on microRNA will facilitate in depth understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Correlation between the shifting of medulla oblongata and cerebellum and syrinx resolution after posterior fossa decompression in Chiari malformation / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the changes of the position of medulla oblongata and cerebellum following posterior fossa decompression (PFD), and to investigate their influences on the prognosis of the syringomyelia in adolescents with Chiari malformation (CM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review was performed on all CM patients between September 2006 and September 2011. A subset of 46 patients, including 25 male and 21 female patients, was finally enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. The initial age and duration of follow-up averaged 13.9 years (range, 10-17 years) and 13 months (range, 6-52 months), respectively. On mid-sagittal MRI, the following parameters were evaluated pre- and postoperatively (follow-up ≥ 6 months): the longitudinal and transverse position of bulbopontine sulcus, the fourth ventricle vertex, the lower extreme of cerebella tonsil, the cervico-medullary angle, the maximal syrinx/cord(S/C) ratio and the syrinx length. Changes in these parameters were analysed using the paired samples t test, and for these reaching statistical significances, an additional bivariate correlation analysis was performed to investigate their relation with syrinx resolution.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the latest follow-up, upward shifting of the bulbopontine sulcus was observed in 31 patients(67.4%), with upward shifting of the lower extreme of cerebella tonsil presenting in 35 patients(76.0%). The maximal S/C ratio and the syrinx length were significantly improved postoperatively (t = 7.114 and 7.816, P = 0.000).Significant resolution of the syrinx was demonstrated in 40 patients(86.9%), and more specifically, the average improvement rates of the maximal S/C ratio and the syrinx length were 32% ± 30%and 43% ± 33%, respectively. In addition, the bivariate correlation analysis revealed that syrinx resolution was significantly correlated with the upward shifting of the bulbopontine sulcus (r = 0.332, P = 0.027) and lower extreme of cerebella (r = 0.298, P = 0.044) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The upward shifting of the bulbopontine sulcus and the lower extreme of cerebella tonsil might be implicated in the mechanisms of postoperative syrinx resolution.</p>

Th1/Th2 immune response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the status of Th1/Th2 immune response and the value of the detection of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) by examining the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in BALF and serum in children with severe Mycoplasma pneumonia (MPP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in BALF and serum were measured using ELISA in 25 children with severe MPP, 25 children with mild MPP and 25 children with foreign body in bronchus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ and the IL-4/IFN-γ ratio in BALF in children with severe MPP were significantly higher than those in children with foreign body in bronchus (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-4 and the IL-4/IFN-γ ratio in children with severe MPP were significantly higher than those in children with foreign body in bronchus (P<0.01) or with mild MPP (P<0.05). The levels of IL-4 and the IL-4/IFN-γ ratio in BALF were significantly higher than in serum (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The data suggest that the imbalance of Th1/Th2 exists in children with severe MPP and it seems to represent a predominant Th2-like cytokine response. The detection of cytokines in BALF appears to be more sensitive than in serum and may be of value in the diagnosis and therapy of MPP.</p>

Establishment of a fluorescent real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for detection of genotype 4 hepatitis E virus in swine stools / 病毒学报

The primers and probes for the Real-time RT-PCR were designed based on the multiple sequence (swine and humans HEV strains) alignments of the ORF3 region of genotype 4 HEV. A rapid, sensitive and stable TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR assay was established, and its specificity and sensitivity were assessed, and comparison of the Real-time RT-PCR with conventional and nested RT-PCR was performed. The results found that the crossing points showed linearly proportional to the logarithm of the input copy number. The correlation coefficient (R2) and the slope value of the standard curves with plasmid DNA were 0.994 and -3.312, respectively. The efficiency (E) of the PCR was 100%. Coefficients of variation values of the different diluted plasmid DNA were low in the same or different repeated experimental group. In addition, the assay was able to correctly detect genotype 4 HEV RNA from swine fecal samples. The sensitivity of established assay was 100-fold higher than that of conventional RT-PCR and 10-fold higher than nested RT-PCR.

Experimental study on avascular necrosis of femoral head in chickens induced by different glucocorticoides / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Methylprednisolone and Dexamethasone on the avascular necrosis of femoral head in chickens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six chickens were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6): control group (group A), Methylprednisolone low dose group (group B), Methylprednisolone large dose group (group C), small dose Dexamethasone and horse serum group (group D), middle dose Dexamethasone and horse serum group (group E), and Dexamethasone large dose group (group F). On the 6th and 12th weeks, blood samples were obtained to determine the level of total cholesterol triglyeride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). On the 12th week, femoral heads were taken off. Paraffin tissue sections were prepared to detect histopathologic change with hematoxylin and eosin staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the 6th week, compared with group A, the level of CHO increased significantly in group C and group F (P < 0.05), and TG increased in group B, C and group E, while HDL decreased in group B, C and group E. On the 12th week, the level of TG and CHO increased in group B, C, E and group F, and HDL decreased in group C, D and group E (P < 0.05). LDL was not detected in most chickens. The ratio of empty lacuna was higher in group C and group E compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Methylprednisolone is easier to induce osteonecrosis of femoral head than Dexamethasone. The condition of metabolic disorder in blood may be the basic pathomechanism of steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head.</p>

Effects of different Chinese drugs on bone histomorphology of hormone induced femoral head necrosis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate and compare the histopathology effects and mechanisms of the methods of "invigorating spleen to remove phlem & promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction" and "invigorate the kidney & promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction" preventing hormone induced femoral head necrosis in hens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four healthy hens were randomly divided into 4 groups: blank control group, model group, Jianpi group (with therapeutics of invigorating spleen to remove phlem), Bushen group (with the effect of warming kidney for duresis). All hens were injected intramuscularly with Medrat once a week for 16 weeks but normal saline in blank control group. Bilateral femoral heads were dissected on 8 weeks or 16 weeks. Paraffin tissue sections were prepared to detect histopathologic change with hematoxylin and eosin, or mason staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histological analysis showed that Huogu recipe I and Huogu recipe II can promote osteogenesis and repair osteonecrosis, increase blood circulation of bone marrow, and inhibit pimelosis of bone marrow. Compared with blank control group, the areas of adipose cells increased significantly (t = -12.9, P < 0.01), the area of immature collagen increased significantly (t = -2.0, P < 0.05) and the ratio of empty lacuna in medullary cavity (t = -3.7, P < 0.05). Compared with model group, both the area of adipose cells and the ratio of empty lacuna decreased in Jianpi group and Bushen group (F = 26.8, 13.5, P < 0.01), so it was with the Bushen group immature collagen (F = 4.6, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both the methods of "invigorating spleen to remove phlem & promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction" and "invigorate the kidney & promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction" can prevent hormone induced femoral head necrosis. The time taking effect in the method of "invigorating spleen to remove phlem" was shorter.</p>

Cytokines Combined with Striatal Conditioned Medium Promote Directional Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Dopaminergic Neurons in Vitro / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the possibility of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and epidermal growth factor(EGF)combined with striatal conditioned medium promoting the directional differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)into dopaminergie neurons.Methods 1.Separation and culture of BMMSCs:BMMSCs were harvested from healthy adult Wistar rats for serial subcultivation.2.Preparation of Striatal conditioned medium:newborn Wistar rats within 24 hours were selected,and their brain tissues were removed to prepare striatal conditioned medium.3.Induced differentiation of BMMSCs:the 5th passage BMMSCs were collected and pre-induced in low glucose-Dulbecco's modified eagle medium(L-DMEM)containing bFGF and EGF.Twenty-four hours later,pre-induction liquor was replaced with striatal conditioned medium for further induced differentiation.4.Result assessment:the morphological changes of stem cells were observed under inverted phase microscope.The expression of neuron specific enolage(NSE)and tyrosine hydmxylage(TH)were identified by immunocytochemical technique.Results The cell body of rat BMMSCs contracted into round and spindle shape after induction by bFGF and EGF combined with striatal conditioned medium.Partial neuron-like cells with prominence could be found.Immunocytochemieal detection showed that the percentages of NSE and TH positive cells were(72.70±14.81)% and(34.50±15.93)%,respectively.Conclusion BMMSCs can be induced directionally into dopaminergiC neurons by bFGF and EGF combined with striatal conditioned medium in vitro.

Establishment and application of oncogene over expressed human epithelial cell transformation model / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish human bronchial epithelial cell lines over expressing oncogene and to investigate its application in detection of carcinogen-induced cell transformation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mediated by retrovirus infection, human telomerase catalytic subunit, hTERT was introduced into immortal human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and followed by introduction of the oncogenic allele H-Ras(V12), or c-Myc or empty vector, creating cell lines 16HBETR, 16HBETM and 16HBETV, respectively. Biological characteristics of these cell lines including morphology, proliferation, and chromosomal aberration were examined to access whether they were transformed. Soft agar experiment and nude mice subcutaneous injection were performed using pre-transformed 16HBE cells induced by known carcinogens, nickel sulfate (NiSO4) and 7, 8, -dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide benzo[a] pyrene (BPDE).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With detection of telomerase activity and Western blotting, the expression of target proteins was verified. Thus, the transgenic 16HBE cell lines were successfully established. Cells expressing oncogene H-Ras or c-Myc grew 30.3% or 10.4% faster than control cells. However, these cells failed to form colonies in soft agar or form tumor in nude mice. 16HBETR, 16HBETM cells obtained transformed phenotype at 5 wks, 11 wks, respectively after treatment with BPDE, which are 15 wks and 9 wks earlier than control cells 16HBETV (20 wks). Meanwhile, 16HBETR, 16HBETM cells obtained transformed phenotype at 11 wks, 14 wks, respectively after treatment with nickel sulfate, which are 21 wks and 18 wks earlier than control cells (32 wks).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the advantage of shorter latency, transgenic human cell transformation models could be used in potent carcinogen screening and applied to chemical-carcinogenesis mechanism study.</p>

Implementation and application of a digital cytopathological lung cancer diagnosing system / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of the digital cytopathological lung cancer diagnosing system (DCLCDS) utilizing the latest computer technologies (including reinforcement learning, image segmentation and classifier) and the cytopathological knowledge on lung cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Separate the overlapped lung cancer cells in a slice image applying the improved deBoor-Cox B-Spline algorithm; Segment cell regions in a slice image using an image segmentation algorithm based on reinforcement learning; Ensemble different classifiers, including Decision Tree classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and Bayesian classifier, to achieve an accurate result of cytopathological lung cancer diagnosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The accurate diagnosis rate for lung cancer identification of 224 images of small lung lesions aspiration biopsy from 120 cases randomly selected was 92.3%. The accurate diagnosis rate for type classification of lung cancer was 82.5%. The identification rate for abnormal nuclear cells was 71.6%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The DCLCDS achieves a high accuracy on cytopathological lung cancer diagnosis by solving some major problems on the cytology smears, including cell overlapping, uneven coloration and impurity. It provides a relatively objective, standard tool on cytopathological lung cancer diagnosis. It has good efficacy on early diagnosis of lung cancer.</p>