Clinical effects of bi-level positive airway pressure and heated humidified high flow nasal cannula ventilation as initial treatment for premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation and heated humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) ventilation as initial respiratory support for premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods:From January 2019 to June 2021, premature infants [gestational age (GA) 28~35 weeks)] with grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ RDS admitted to Suining County People's Hospital were prospectively enrolled. The infants were randomly assigned into BiPAP group and HHHFNC group. The clinical characteristics, ventilation efficacy and complications were analyzed.Results:A total of 33 infants were in BiPAP group and 32 in HHHFNC group. No significant differences existed between the two groups in the following items: the frequency of apnea within 24 h of ventilation, FiO 2 and PaCO 2 at 24 h, the use of pulmonary surfactant (PS), the incidence of non-invasive ventilation failure within 72 h, non-invasive ventilation duration and the age achieving total enteral nutrition. HHHFNC group had lower score in premature infants pain profile (PIPP) than BiPAP group at 24 h of non-invasive ventilation [4 (3, 6) vs. 8 (6, 11), P<0.001]. No significant differences existed in nasal injury, pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mortality rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:As the initial treatment for premature infants with grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ RDS, BiPAP and HHHFNC has similar rates of non-invasive ventilation failure within 72 h,non-invasive ventilation duration and adverse events. HHHFNC may ease the pain of the infants.

Prevention and control strategies of imported malaria during the COVID-19 outbreak and its effects / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To summary and analyze the epidemic situation of imported malaria and the prevention and control measures implemented during the new crown pneumonia epidemic in Shenzhen, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of imported malaria under COVID-19 epidemic. Methods　The data on the prevention and control of malaria epidemic in Shenzhen from 2017 to 2021 were collected for analyzing the epidemic situation of malaria, measures taken and the effect of prevention and control with descriptive epidemiological methods. Results　From 2017 to 2021, a total of 104 confirmed malaria cases were reported in Shenzhen, all of which were imported from abroad. 97.1% were imported from Africa, mainly falciparum malaria, accounting for 80.8%. The age of onset was mainly young adults, the age group 20-49 years accounted for 81.7%, and most of the patients were overseas migrant workers, accounting for 59.6%. Imported malaria cases were reported in each month, the most was 13 cases in July, then 12 cases in September. From 2017 to 2021, 709 mosquito trap lamps were placed, and 3 523 mosquitoes were captured, with an average mosquito density of 2.60 per lamp and night. Anopheles were not found, and the dominant species were Culex quinquefasciatus. During the outbreak of COVID-19, Shenzhen has implemented a series of measures in terms of improving the working mechanism of multi-departmental cooperation and joint defense, strengthening screening and monitoring, personnel training, mosquito vector control, and material security, so as to achieve early detection, early transfer, early isolation and early treatment. Conclusions　A series of measures have been comprehensively implemented to prevent and control imported malaria in Shenzhen while preventing and controlling imported new coronary pneumonia, and achieved positive results. It has realized the timely identification of cases and effective treatment, and prevented the occurrence of severe and fatal malaria cases, as well as halting the spread and spread of malaria outbreaks.

Kang-Ai Injection Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cells Proliferation through IL-6/STAT3 Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanisms underlying the proliferative inhibition of Chinese herbal medicine Kang-Ai injection (KAI) in gastric cancer cells.@*METHODS@#Gastric cancer cell lines MGC803 and BGC823 were treated by 0, 0.3%, 1%, 3% and 10% KAI for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. Interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The protein expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, p21, retinoblastoma (RB), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#KAI inhibited the proliferation of MGC803 and BGC823 gastric cancer cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. After treated with KAI for 48 h, the proportion of G1 phase was increased, expression level of cyclin D1 and phosphorylation-RB were down-regulated, whereas the expression of p21 was up-regulated (all P<0.01). Furthermore, 48-h treatment with KAI decreased the phosphorylation level of STAT3, inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6 (all P<0.01). IL-6 at dose of 10 ng/mL significantly attenuated the proliferative effect of both 3% and 10% KAI, and recovered KAI-inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression level (all P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#KAI exerted an anti-proliferative function by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway followed by the induction of G1 phase arrest in gastric cancer cells.

Review of generic preference-based scales for health-related quality of life at the universal scale / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To conduct an ample review of the existing generic preference-based measures for health-related quality of life around the globe. Methods: Databases including PubMed，Embase，CNKI and WanFang Data, literature retrieval and information extraction were carried out on relevant studies of the universal health utility scale published until April 2020 worldwide，and all the existing generic health utility measures were identified. The original development articles included in the measures were further searched to extract the basic information of the measures，the conduction process，and the structure of the health state descriptive system. All of the dimensions included in the measures were summarized and analyzed from three aspects of physical (physiological)，mental (psychological)，and societal，respectively. Results: Through searching and screening，a total of 36 articles (both in Chinese and English literatures) were obtained, among which 18 generic preference-based measures were identified and 30 original search and development articles of these 18 measures were extracted. The number of dimensions of these 18 measures varied between the range of 3~15，the number of levels under each dimension ranged between 2 and 7，and the total number of health states that could be described by these measures amounted between 64 and 2.37 × 1023.The dimensions describing the physiological aspect in health were involved by all of 18 measures，while the dimensions describing psychological health and societal aspects in health were involved by only 16 and 10 measures，respectively. The physiological，psychological and societal dimensions included 10，4, and 5 specific categories，respectively. Two ways of conducting the health state descriptive system were identified, which were mainly based on the existing data and materials，and through the construction of the items pool combined with psychometric methods to determine the included dimensions of the measures. Conclusion :In recent years，more emphasis on the measurement of mental and societal health on the basis of physiological aspect was included in the newly developed measures，and the construction process of the health state descriptive system is becoming more and more standardized.

Double plating through different approaches for periprosthetic femoral fracture following total knee arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study clinical effects of double plating through different approaches for communicated and obvious osteoporosis periprosthetic femoral fracture following total knee arthroplasty(TKA).@*METHODS@#From July 2010 to June 2017, 21 patients with periprosthetic femoral fracture following TKA were divided into two groups according to operative approach. Fifteen patients in medial and lateral double approaches group, including 5 males and 10 females aged from 63 to 79 years old with an average of (67.2±5.9) years old; 11 patients were type 33-A2 and 4 patients were type 33-A3 according to AO-OTA classification; 12 patients injured by falling down and 3 patients by traffic accident; treated with double plating. Six patients in medial parapatellar approach group, including 3 males and 3 females, aged from 61 to 74 years old with an average of (64.6±6.0) years old; 3 patients were type 33-A2 and 3 patients were type 33-A3 according to AO-OTA classification; 5 patients injured by falling down and 1 patient by traffic accident; treated with double plating. Operative time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, fracture healing time were compared between two groups; HSS score and radiology at 3 and 12 months were compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up, and the follow-up time of bilateral approaches group ranged from 12 to 18 months with an average of (14.2±2.6 ) months, while the follow-up time of single approach group ranged from 12 to 16 months with an average of (12.6±2.5) months, and there was no statistical difference between two groups. The operative time and postoperative drainage in bilateral approaches group were (107.2±10.4) min and (213.9±30.4) ml, while in sigle approach group was (95.4±12.8) min and (256.8±34.2) ml, and the differences were significant(0.05). HHS score at 3 and 12 months after operation in bilateral approach were 82.9±5.7 and 84.8±7.1, while in single approach group were 83.6±6.1 and 86.3±6.8; there was no statistical difference in HSS score between two groups(>0.05). According to HSS score at 12 months after operation, 2 cases got excellent results and 13 good in bilateral approaches group; 1 case got excellent result and 4 good and 1 moderate in single approach group; but there was no statistical difference between two groups (χ²=2.625, =0.105). There wase no significant differences in complications between bilateral approaches group(2 cases) and single approach group (1 case)(>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Double plating technique for communicated and obvious osteoporosis periprosthetic femoral fracture following TKA could obtain good function of knee joint. The medial parapatellar approach has shorter operative time, while the bilateral approaches had less drainage.

Sepsis Strengthens Antagonistic Actions of Neostigmine on Rocuronium in a Rat Model of Cecal Ligation and Puncture / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The antagonistic actions of anticholinesterase drugs on non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are theoretically related to the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). However, till date the changes of AChE activity in the NMJ during sepsis have not been directly investigated. We aimed to investigate the effects of sepsis on the antagonistic actions of neostigmine on rocuronium (Roc) and the underlying changes of AChE activity in the NMJ in a rat model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 28 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo a sham surgery (the sham group, n = 12) or CLP (the septic group, n = 16). After 24 h, the time-response curves of the antagonistic actions of 0.1 or 0.5 μmol/L of neostigmine on Roc (10 μmol/L)-depressed diaphragm twitch tension were measured. Meanwhile, the activity of AChE in the NMJ was detected using a modified Karnovsky and Roots method. The mRNA levels of the primary transcript and the type T transcript of AChE (AChET) in the diaphragm were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four of 16 rats in the septic group died within 24 h. The time-response curves of both two concentrations of neostigmine in the septic group showed significant upward shifts from those in the sham group (P < 0.001 for 0.1 μmol/L; P = 0.009 for 0.5 μmol/L). Meanwhile, the average optical density of AChE in the NMJ in the septic group was significantly lower than that in the sham group (0.517 ± 0.045 vs. 1.047 ± 0.087, P < 0.001). The AChE and AChETmRNA expression levels in the septic group were significantly lower than those in the sham group (P = 0.002 for AChE; P = 0.001 for AChET).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sepsis strengthened the antagonistic actions of neostigmine on Roc-depressed twitch tension of the diaphragm by inhibiting the activity of AChE in the NMJ. The reduced content of AChE might be one of the possible causes of the decreased AChE activity in the NMJ.</p>

Lowered sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake and diaphragmatic SERCA1 expression contribute to diaphragmatic contractile and relaxation dysfunction in septic rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The explore the mechanism responsible for diaphragmatic contractile and relaxation dysfunction in a rat model of sepsis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized equally into a sham-operated group and two model groups of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for examination at 6 and 12 h following CLP (CLP-6 h and CLP-12 h groups). The parameters of diaphragm contractile and relaxation were measured, and the calcium uptake and release rates of the diaphragmatic sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the protein expressions of SERCA1, SERCA2 and RyR in the diaphragmatic muscles were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The half-relaxation time of the diaphragm was extended in both the CLP-6 h and CLP-12 h groups with significantly reduced maximum tension declinerate and the peek uptake rate of SERCA (P<0.01). Diaphragmatic maximum twitch force development rate, the maximal twitch, tetanus tensions and the peek release rate of SR decreased only at 12h after CLP (P<0.01). The expression levels of SERCA1 protein decreased significantly in the diaphragmatic muscles at 12h following CLP (P<0.01) while SERCA2 expression level and SERCA activity showed no significant changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the acute stage of sepsis, both the contractile and relaxation functions of the diaphragm are impaired. Diaphragmatic relaxation dysfunction may result from reduced calcium uptake in the SR and a decreased level of SERCA1 in the diaphragmatic muscles.</p>

Dexmedetomidine May Produce Extra Protective Effects on Sepsis-induced Diaphragm Injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The objective was to evaluate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective agonist of α2-adrenergic receptor, on sepsis-induced diaphragm injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>The data used in this review were mainly from PubMed articles published in English from 1990 to 2015.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Clinical or basic research articles were selected mainly according to their level of relevance to this topic.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sepsis could induce severe diaphragm dysfunction and exacerbate respiratory weakness. The mechanism of sepsis-induced diaphragm injury includes the increased inflammatory cytokines and excessive oxidative stress and superfluous production of nitric oxide (NO). DEX can reduce inflammatory cytokines, inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways, suppress the activation of caspase-3, furthermore decrease oxidative stress and inhibit NO synthase. On the basis of these mechanisms, DEX may result in a shorter period of mechanical ventilation in septic patients in clinical practice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Based on this current available evidence, DEX may produce extra protective effects on sepsis-induced diaphragm injury. Further direct evidence and more specific studies are still required to confirm these beneficial effects.</p>

Multicenter Evaluation of the Molecular Line Probe Assay for Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

In order to evaluate the performance of a molecular Hain line probe assay (Hain LPA) for rapid detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China, 1612 smear positive patients were consecutively enrolled in this study. Smear positive sputum specimens were collected for Hain LPA and conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST). The sensitivity and specificity of Hain LPA were analyzed by using conventional DST as golden reference. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for rifampicin resistance detection were 88.33%, 97.66%, 81.54%, and 98.62%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for isoniazid resistance detection were 80.25%, 98.07%, 87.25%, and 96.78%, respectively. These findings suggested that Hain LPA can be an effective method worthy of broader use in China.

Different sensitivities to rocuronium of the neuromuscular junctions innervated by normal/damaged facial nerves and somatic nerve in rats: the role of the presynaptic acetylcholine quantal release / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Muscles present different responses to muscle relaxants, a mechanism of importance in surgeries requiring facial nerve evoked electromyography under general anaesthesia. The non-depolarizing muscle relaxants have multiple reaction formats in the neuromuscular junction, in which pre-synaptic quantal release of acetylcholine was one of the important mechanisms. This study was to compare the pre-synaptic quantal release of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junctions innervated by normal/damaged facial nerves and somatic nerve under the effect of rocuronium in rats in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Acute right-sided facial nerve injury was induced by nerve crush axotomies. Both sided facial nerve connected orbicularis oris strips and tibial nerve connected gastrocnemius strips were isolated to measure endplate potentials (EPP) and miniature endplate potentials (MEPP) using an intracellular microelectrode gauge under different rocuronium concentrations. Then, the pre-synaptic quantal releases of acetylcholine were calculated by the ratios of the EPPs and the MEPPs, and compared among the damaged or normal facial nerve innervated orbicularis oris and tibial nerve innervated gastrocnemius.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The EPP/MEPP ratios of the three neuromuscular junctions decreased in a dose dependent manner with the increase of the rocuronium concentration. With the concentrations of rocuronium being 5 µg/ml, 7.5 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml, the decrease of the EPP/MEPP ratio in the damaged facial nerve group was greater than that in the normal facial nerve group. The decrease in the somatic nerve group was the biggest, with significant differences.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Rocuronium presented different levels of inhibition on the pre-synaptic quantal release of acetylcholine in the three groups of neuromuscular junctions. The levels of the inhibition showed the following sequence: somatic nerve > damaged facial nerve > normal facial nerve. The difference may be one of the reasons causing the different sensitivities to rocuronium among the muscles innervated by the normal/injured facial nerves and the somatic nerve. The results may provide some information for the proper usage of muscle relaxants in surgeries requiring electromyographic monitoring for the pre-surgically impaired facial nerves.</p>

Effects of skeletal muscle denervation on potency of rocuronium.

Background: Rocuronium is an alternative to succinylcholine for rapid tracheal intubation after major thermal injury and other forms of critical illness that cause denervation changes in skeletal muscle. Rocuronium may decrease the potencies of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. Objectives: Examine whether potency of rocuronium changed during the first month after denervation, and investigate the effects of skeletal muscle denervation on potency of rocuronium. Methods: The denervation mouse model was developed to create denervated individual cells from the flexor digitorum brevis of the hindfoot. The skeletal muscle cells were examined at day 0 in the innervated control and days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 in the denervation group. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the cells were activated with 30 M acetylcholine, alone or in combination with various concentrations of rocuronium. Currents were recorded with a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results: Rocuronium reversibly inhibited acetylcholine-activated currents in a dose-dependent fashion at different times after denervation. The inhibition concentration for the half-maximal responses of rocuronium increased 1.2- (p >0.05), 1.8-, 2.8-, 2.3-, 2.1-, and 1.9-fold (p<0.01) at day 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after denervation, respectively, compared to that at day 0 after denervation. Conclusion: Rocuronium dose required to achieve satisfactory clinical effects changed at different durations after skeletal muscle denervation.

The fabrication and clinical application of semi-fixed mandibular lingual arch expansion appliance / 华西口腔医学杂志

Semi-fixed mandibular lingual arch expansion appliance is composed of a mandibular molar band, a keyway and arch expansion spring. The arch expansion spring are used to expand maxillary arch symmetrically or asymmetrically when bolts of the two ends are inset into keyways. Dental arch expansion appliance for 25 patients with mandibular arch stenosis showed that semi-fixed mandibular lingual arch expansion had good effect and could be used to expand mandibular arch.

Clinical research of electroacupuncture combined with acupoint-injection of botulinum toxin A in treating the muscle spasticity by spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical safety and efficiency of electroacupuncture combined with acupoint-injection of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of muscle spasticity by spinal cord injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-eight patients with muscle spasticity by spinal cord injury were treated from December 2006 to December 2009 including 26 males and 12 females, with an average age of 45.4 years old ranging from 21 to 68 years. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups according to admission time, 13 patients in group A were treated with electroacupuncture combined with acupoint-injection of botulinum toxin A, and 13 patients in group B were treated with acupoint-injection botulinum toxin A and 12 patients in group C were treated with electroacupuncture. After 6 months these patients were evaluated by improved muscle Ashworth scoring (MAS) and clinical spasticity index (SCI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-eight patients were followed-up at 6 months after the treatment. The result showed that the MAS scores of group A, B, C before treatment were (3.10 +/- 0.14), (3.20 +/- 0.17), (3.10 +/- 0.16) respectively and the CSI scores were (14.10 +/- 0.14), (14.30 +/- 0.11), (14.20 +/- 0.12) respectively; there were no statistical different among the three groups (P > 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the MAS scores were (1.10 +/- 0.16), (2.10 +/- 0.13), (2.00 +/- 0.14) respectively and the CSI scores were (9.10 +/- 0.11), (12.10 +/- 0.14), (13.10 +/- 0.12) respectively. The MAS scores and CSI scores of group A were better than the other two groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of Chinese hydropower needles and acupoints with BTX-A injection can achieve a comprehensive treatment and reduce pain and improve life quality quickly. The electroacupuncture combined with acupoint-inject botulinum toxin A is a noval safe and effective technique for the treatment of muscle spasticity by spinal cord injury.</p>

Short-term outcome of the acellular dermal matrix in dental implant surgical sites / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical short-term results of the acellular dermal matrix for guided bone regeneration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four patients with bone defect in anterior maxillary area (average bone width: 3 mm) were included. Ridge-splitting technique with simultaneous placement of implants and artificial bone material implantation was performed in 21 patients (non-membrane group). Forty-three patients received the same procedure but with acellular dermal matrix covering the surgical sites (membrane group). The patients were followed up for three months and the new bone formation was checked in clinic and by X-ray.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three months after operation, the membrane group showed good osseointegration and high bone density over the implant cover screws. In the second operation, the membranes became thinner and the new bone fully covered the implant in the membrane group. The labial bone exhibited slight absorption and labial surface of 7 implants in 7 patients was exposed in non-membrane group. The width and the height of the ridge in the second operation were greater in membrane group than in non-membrane group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The acellular dermal matrix can effectively resist the growth of soft tissue to allow bone regeneration around the implant.</p>

Series orthodontic treatment on teeth transposition of maxillary canine and lateral incisor / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the treatment on teeth transposition of maxillary canine and lateral incisor in order to improve the clinical treatment effect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven patients with transposition maxillary canine and lateral incisor were treated with the method: Expand space, artificial reverse occlusion of transpositional lateral incisor to give way, transpositional lateral canine distalization and controlling root, mesial movement of lateral incisor with tongue arch, interactive controlling roots and retention with tongue fixed retaining appliance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven patients had satisfactory treatment effect, with tidy dentition and parallel teeth roots of transpositional canine and lateral incisor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Series orthodontic treatment on teeth transposition of maxillary canine and lateral incisor can effectively improve the clinical treatment effect and shorten the treatment time.</p>

Detection of circulating antigen of Angiostrongylus cantonensis by 12D5 and 21B7 monoclonal antibodies / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To detect the rate of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection and to study the effects of treatment so as to prepare monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) ,and gold immunochroma-tography assay (GICA) with 12D5 and 21B7 McAbs could be prepared in advance. Methods Two McAbs (12D5 and 21B7) were applied to detect the circulating antigen (CAg) in the sera of rats infected with A. cantonensis and angiostrongyliasis patients respectively by double antibody sandwich ELISA. Either 12D5 or 21B7 McAbs was used as antibody and protein A was conjugated with colloid gold as the detection marker. A special pad for GICA was designed according to the reaction procedure, and CAg were detected by GICA in the sera of rats infected with A. cantonensis and angiostrongyliasis patients respectively. Results 12D5 McAb was identified as IgG1 and 21B7 McAb was IgM. Results from Western blotting showed that two McAbs could be used to identified 55 KD protein of adult worms of A. cantonensis. The detection rates of CAg in the sera of infected rats was 100% (48/48) and the detection rates of CAg in the sera of angiostrongyliasis patients was 100% (32/32). No cross-reaction to sera of patients with other infection of parasites, such as clonochiasis, fasiolopsiasis, ancylostotniasis, ancylostomiasis, anisakiasis as well as schsitosomiasis wee seen and normal sera did not react with 12D5 and 21B7 McAbs. Conclusion Results from sandwich ELISA and GICA with 12D5 and 21B7 McAbs showed high specificity and acting as detecting CAg of A. cantonensis in sera of infected animals and patients. We noticed that GICA with 12D5 and 21B7 was not only rapid and simple that without requirement of special instrument, but also rather sensitive and specific for the detection of current infection with A.cantonensis.

Study on the epidemiological characteristics and natural infectious focus of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Shenzhen area of Zhujiang Delta in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To delimit the natural infectious focus, including the distribution of wildlife,species, ecology of intermediate hosts and final host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, as well as the routes of transmission and epidemiological characteristics and wildlife of human Angiostrongylus cantonensis, based on human diverging cases identified in Shenzhen, southern area of China. Methods Data including rate of infection and density of Angiostrongylus cantonensis among different hosts in 12 different areas in Shenzhen was collected, using microscope to inspect homogenate liquids of snails. Wild mice were captured with mouse cage to examine the adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Using larva isolated from wild-snails-infected rats to observe the life cycle of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Results Wild life of Angiostrongylus cantonensis existed in the southwest part of Shenzhen with its majority intermediate hosts as Achatina fulica. The overall rate of infection was 31% in wildlife and final host was found to be Rattus andersoni, Achatina fulica which were extensively distributed in the shrub region of Shenzhen because of suitable climate,humidity and vegetation for generating the life cycle of Achatina fulica. Human infected Angiostrongylus cantonensis was mainly due to eating raw snails or vegetables contaminated by larva of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.The peak of infection was seen from April to November in Shenzhen area.Conclusion Wildlife of Angiostrongylus cantonensis existed in the southwest part of Shenzhen with major wildlife reservoir including fresh water snail and wild mouse. The existence of natural focus Angiostrongylus cantonensis was now recognized as an important source of human angiostrongliasis in Shenzhen area.

Clinical application of maxillary sinus lift with Summers osteotome / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce and evaluate the procedure and the effect of maxillary sinus lift with closed technique by Summers osteotome, bone grafting and simultaneous implant placement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>66 cases with severely resorbed alveolar bone in maxillary posterior region received sinus lift with Summers osteotome, simultaneously bone grafting and implants placement. The final restoration was finished at 6 months postoperatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation procedure were eventless in the 66 cases, the sinus floor were elevated by 2-5 mm, three-dimensional reconstruction of the CT scan pictures showed the smooth dome profile of the lifting sites and no signs of laceration on the membrane, and there were no maxillary antritis after operation. After 6 months, no significantly bone graft resorption and good osseointegration were noticed in X-ray imaging. The final restoration was finished at this time. 12-24 months after the restoration, all implants inserted were remain, the hard and soft tissue were healthy, prosthesis were stable and functioned. X-ray showed good osseointegration in the lifting sites, the vertical resorption around the implants were less than 1 mm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With properly use of Summers osteotome, scraps of the bone in the implant sockets can be pushed into the sinus, these autogenous bone scraps were in favor of the osseogenesis and the sinus floor can be easily elevated by the method with very infrequent complications. It enlarged indication of dental implants and avoided operation of harvesting autogenous bone in other site. The method is simple and valuable to clinical application.</p>

Effects of yi-zhi II on synaptic structure of hippocampal CA3 and maintenance of memory / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effects of yi-zhi II (a compond of Chinese Traditional Medicine) on the alteration of synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 and maintenance of memoy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By using the method of oral administration of yi-zhi II, the step-through test and electron microscopy, the latency of step-through and synaptic structure in hippocamal CA3 were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The mice which had been given yi-zhi II prolong significantly the latency of step through (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) on the 1st, 6th and 12th day after learning. (2) On the 6th and 12th day after learning, the length of synaptic active zone were markly improved in yi-zhi II and control, but that of yi-zhi II was better than that of control. (On the 6th day after learning, the number of perforated synapses and axo-dendrite synapses were significantly improved by the yi-zhi II (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The yi-zhi II could improve the learning and memory in mice. It migth improve the memory by increasing the length of synaptic active zone and the number of perforated synapses and axo-dendrite synapses in hippocampal CA3.</p>

Epidemiological studies on Clonorchis sinensis infection along the Zhujiang River in Lou village of Shenzhen / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the transmission route and epidemiological features of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Shenzhen area--the biggest immigration city of Southern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, we examined 1473 individuals (710 males and 763 females) to determine the current status of C. sinensis infection among the people in one village in Zhujiang river region, Guangdong province, China. Blood samples were detected on antibody of C. sinensis with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and stool specimens from sera positive cases were examined by modified Kato-Katz thick smear to confirm the density of infection. People were interviewed on their life styles under the structured questionnaire which was administered by trained staff members. Major content of the questionnaire included eating raw fish, using the same utensils for both raw fish and cooked food, using feces of domestic animals and human feces to feed fish and so on.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 1473 people examined, 70 (4.75%) were found infected with C. sinensis. By counting eggs per gram feces (EPG), it was found that heavy intensities of infection in males was stronger than that of females,and the overall average EPG was 41.87. Of 1473 interviewees, 54% of them did not know about fluke disease or its transmission route, 12% of those who knew about the fluke but believed that the infection caused no harm or only slight harm to their health. 27% of the interviewees ate raw fish at least 1-2 times per months with 5% of the families using the same utensils for both raw fish and cooked food. 40% of the fish ponds owners fed their fish with the feces of domestic animals and human feces.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Together with these results, unhealthy behaviors, poor knowledge, inappropriate farming/fishery practices, eating raw fish were important factors influencing the C. sinensis prevalence in humans.</p>