Research advances on the promotive healing effect of hydrogel dressing for diabetic foot wound / 中华烧伤杂志

In recent years, the number of diabetic patients has gradually increased, and the number of patients with diabetic foot has also increased. Diabetic foot has a high rate of disability and death, seriously affects the patients' quality of life, shortens life expectancy, and brings heavy social burden. The current treatment methods for diabetic foot are insufficient. The concepts and methods of tissue engineering provide new thoughts and means for the treatment of diabetic foot. This article introduces the pathogenesis of diabetic foot wounds, the factors leading to non-healing of diabetic foot, the applications of functional hydrogel dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot and their technical methods of functional hydrogel dressings for treating skin wounds in diabetic animals, and the future development direction of functional hydrogel dressing for treating diabetic foot wounds is prospected.

Systematic chemical characterization of Xiexin decoctions using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry / 中国天然药物

Xiexin decoctions (XXDs) display beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, which raises interests on this group of formulae for broad clinical applications. However, there was no report about systematic analysis of XXDs to elucidate the constitution of chemical components, which hampers further investigations on the therapeutic values of XXDs. In this work, crude herbs were extracted and prepared to obtain the XXDs for systemic analysis on their chemical compositions, according to the information described in the ancient Zhang Zhongjing's herbal formulae. LC-MS analysis of five XXDs was carried out to facilitate recognition of the source herbs for compounds in the mixture. A total number of 93 compounds were identified through our methods and their chemical classes encompassed five major groups, including protoberberine alkaloids, flavonoids, stilbenes, anthraquinones and saponins. Our current work provided important information about material basis for pharmacological studies on XXDs and would help shed light on relationships between chemical compositions and therapeutic effects.

Characterization of the chemical constituents of Jie-Geng-Tang and the metabolites in the serums and lungs of mice after oral administration by LC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国天然药物

Jie-Geng-Tang (JGT), a traditional formula, is employed in the treatment of sore throat and cough and comprises Platycodonis Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the ratio 1 : 2. Our previous study demonstrated that JGT protected mice from S. aureus-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Five constituents of JGT showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus in vitro. However, the potential effective constituents of JGT in vivo were still unclear. In this study, the chemical constituents of JGT were identified by liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). A total of 96 constituents were identified or assumed, including seven organic acids, 45 flavonoids, 36 triterpene saponins, and eight compounds of other types. The structures of 31 of the constituents were confirmed by comparing them with corresponding authentic standards. Moreover, 15 prototypes and 49 metabolites were deduced in the serums of mice, 24 prototypes and 47 metabolites were deduced in the lungs of mice after the oral administration of JGT. Three types of constituents, namely organic acids, flavonoids, and triterpene saponins, could be absorbed into the blood. Moreover, flavonoids and triterpene saponins were more likely distributed in the lung than in the blood. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the systematic metabolites profile of JGT in vivo. The results reported were beneficial to the elucidation of the effective material basis of JGT.

Analysis of chemical constituents in Shenmai Injection by LC-Q-TOF-MS and LC-IT-MS / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents in Shenmai Injection(SMI) were qualitatively analyzed by using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(LC-Q-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry(LC-IT-MS). The analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) and gradient elution was carried out with 0.05% formic acid solution-acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL·min~(-1) and a column temperature of 30 ℃. Mass spectrometry data of the components in SMI were collected in negative ion mode. The structures of components were speculated and identified by analyzing mass spectrometry data, comparing with standards, and referring to related literature. A total of 64 components in SMI were estimated, and the structures were confirmed in 16 of them by comparison with standards. Fifty-six compounds derived from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra included 34 protopanaxadiol ginsenosides, 19 protopanaxatriol ginsenosides, 1 oleanane ginsenosides and 2 other glycosides. Eight compounds derived from Ophiopogonis Radix included 7 steroidal saponins, and 1 monoterpene glycoside. The results of this study would provide an important theoretical basis for the improvement of the quality control standards and the discovery of effective constituents in SMI.

Rapid discovery and identification of the anti-inflammatory constituents in Zhi-Shi-Zhi-Zi-Chi-Tang / 中国天然药物

The anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Zhi-Shi-Zhi-Zi-Chi-Tang (ZSZZCT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, were predicted and identified using an approach based on activity index, LC-MS, semi-preparative LC and NMR. Firstly, the whole extract of ZSZZCT was analyzed using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography - ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-IT-MS), 79 constituents were detected and 39 constituents were identified unambiguously or tentatively. Subsequently, the whole extract of the formula was separated into multiple components and the activity index method was used to calculate index values of the 79 constituents by integrating the chemical and pharmacological information of multiple components. Four polymethoxyl flavones were predicted as the major active constituents according to the activity index values. Furthermore, three polymethoxyl flavones were prepared using the strategy with semi-preparative LC guided by LC-MS, and their anti-inflammatory activities were validated. The results show that three polymethoxyl flavones with higher positive index values, i.e., 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-heptamethoxyflavone, 3-hydroxynobiletein and tangeretin had significant anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, the predicted results indicated that the activity index method is feasible for the accurate prediction of active constituents in TCM formulae.

Efficacy of gamma-irradiated adipose-derived stem cells for treatment of thin endometrium in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is associated with potential risks of late complications including tumorigenesis due to the active proliferation of the cells. We aimed to test the effect of transplantation of ADSCs with suppressed proliferation by gamma irradiation in the treatment of thin endometrium in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ADSCs were isolated from female SD rats and identified by detecting the surface antigens with flow cytometry. After exposure to gamma irradiation at 0, 5 Gy and 10 Gy, the cells were examined for changes in colony-forming ability. Twenty-four female rats with chemically induced thin endometrium were randomized into 4 equal groups and at 6-8 h after modeling, the rats received intrauterine injection of non-irradiated ADSCs (group I), 5 Gy irradiated ADSCs (group II), 10 Gy irradiated ADSCs (group III), or PBS only (group IV). Endometrial pathology was analyzed with HE staining in these rats in the third estrus phase following the cell transplantation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ADSCs showed a complete loss of proliferative capacity after exposure to 10 Gy irradiation. After the cell transplantation, the endometrium thickness was thicker in group I and II than in group IV (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between groups III and IV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gamma irradiation impairs the proliferative capacity of ADSCs in vitro. Exposure to 10 Gy irradiation causes a total loss of proliferation capacity of the ADSCs, which have no therapeutic potential; 5 Gy irradiation causes partial loss of proliferation capacity of the cells, which still retain the activity to promote endometrial cell regeneration.</p>

Effect of Storage Time on Cumulation of Platelet-related Growth Factors in the Supernatant of Leukoreduced Packed Red Cells and Tumor Cell Proliferation In Vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of storage time on accumulation of platelet-related growth factors in the supernatant of leukoreduced packed red blood cells (LR-pRBC) and on tumor cell proliferation in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LR-pRBC were quartered and stored at 2 °C-6 °C. The supernatant of pRBC was obtained by centrifugation with 1 006 × g for 10 min at day 0, 14, 21 and 35 d. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). After HepG2 cells was cultured with the supernatant of LR pRBC at day 0 and day 35 together for 48 hours, methylthiazoliltetracolium (MTT) method was used to measure the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of 2 cytokines were still increased with the storage time prolonging. As compared to LR-pRBC at day 0 [611.84 (95%CI, 356.45-867.23) pg/ml], the level of VEGF reached 900.16 (95% CI, 552.26-1248.07) pg/ml (P<0.05). There was a similar tendency in PDGF level with less increment in the supernatant of LR pRBC at day 35 [2.23 (95% CI, 0-5.37) ng/L vs 5.66 (95% CI, 0-12.48), P=0.073], but there was no significant statistical difference. Likewise, in vitro study of HepG2 cell proliferation showed that the LR-pRBC at day 35 promoted more proliferation of tumor cells with OD value 0.40 (95% CI, 0.38-0.42) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The residual platelets in LR-pRBC were activated, disintegrated and released the dense granules and α-granules which induce the accumulation of VEGF and PDGF. It seemed that the supernatant of LR-pRBC promoted the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro.</p>

Effect of leukoreduction on tumor-associated cytokine accumutation in supernatant of stored packed red cells and its effect on tumor cell proliferation in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to investigate whether prestorage leukoreduction could decrease the accumulative concentration of tumor-associated cytokines in supernatant of stored packed red blood cells (pRBC) and to study the effect of prestorage leukoreduction on proliferation of HepG2 tumor cells by in vitro. The leukoreduced (LR) and non-leukoreduced (NLR) pRBC were equally obtained from one donation and were stored under 2 °C-6°C. The supernatants of pRBC in these two group were performed by centrifugation with 1 006×g for 10 min at day 0 and 35 d. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of normal T cells and secretory factor (RANTES/CCL5), as well as the accumulative concentrations of tumor-necrosis factor (TNF-α), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in pRBC supernantant of above-mentioned two groups. After HepG2 cells was cultured with the supernatant of NLR-pRBC and LR-pRBC at the end of day 35 together for 48 hours, the methyl thiazolil tetracolium (MTT) method was used to measure the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The accumulative concentration of 5 cytokines in supernatants of above menthioned two groups increased in different degrees along with the prolongation of storage time,that is, the accumulative concentrations of 5 cytokines at 35 d were higher than that at day 0, in which the change of VEGF accumu-lative concentration showed statistical significance, its accumulative concentration in NLR group at day 35 elevated to 549.61 ± 299.43 pg/ml, and was higher than that in LR group (95.46 ± 110.87 pg/ml) (P < 0.05). The experiment of HepG2 cell proliferation indicated that the supernatant of LR pRBC group produced less proliferation of tumor cells with OD value 0.40 (95% CI, 0.38-0.42) than that of NLR pRBC group with OD value 0.49 (95% CI, 0.43-0.55) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prestorage leukoreduction has been confirmed to decrease the accumulative level of cytokines, particalarly decrease the accumulative level of VEGF, moreover, it may be a factor for inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro.</p>

Investigation and analysis of blood transfusion in 1 766 hospitalized trauma patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The study was to understand the incidence of traumatic coagulopathy and the clinical blood transfusion in hospitalized trauma patients so as to provide a reference for guiding scientific component transfusion in trauma or surgical patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By using a software "clinical transfusion database" developed by our department, 1 766 trauma cases who suffered traumatic injury and required hospital admission between 2001 and 2012 were retrieved, and out of them 1 211 patients were given transfusion, and the transfusion-related indicators of the patients such as coagulation, hemoglobin levels before transfusion, trauma situation, massive blood transfusion and total blood transfusion were retrospectively analyzed. According total volume of blood usage during hospitalization,1 211 cases with transfusion were divided into three groups: low volume transfusion group ( ≤ 5 U, n = 471), moderate volume transfusion group (5-10 U, n = 449) and high volume transfusion group (>10 U, n = 291), then the difference of indicators among the 3 groups was compared, and the risk factors of high volume transfusion were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 33 cases of coagulopathy and 52 cases of massive transfusion in trauma patients with transfusion. The transfusion rate of trauma patients was about 68.6%. There was no association between the total amount of blood transfusion and surgical grade or whether surgery. The most patients were transfused using two components (plasma and red blood cell), the ratio of plasma to RBC transfused in patients with coagulopathy was approximately 1.0. In high volume transfusion group, there were more younger and male patients with more serious injury, their infection and death were significantly higher than that in other two groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were approximately 69% of hospitalized trauma patients require transfusion, the patients in high volume transfusion group have two populations such as middle-aged and young men who was vulnerable to severe trauma mainly caused by accident injury or fall injury and older women who was vulnerable to osteoporotic hip fractures mainly caused by fall injuries. The coagulation disorders in the patients with trauma coagulopathy should be corrected by transfusion with high ratios of plasma to RBC. Massive transfusion (OR = 95.22), hemorrhagic shock (OR = 17.2), trauma coagulopathy (OR = 4.52) are risk factors of high volume transfusion > 10 U, and massive transfusion also is a risk factor of trauma coagulopathy (OR = 16.257). The routine dynamic monitoring of coagulation should be performed for trauma or surgical patients to guide the clinical transfusion scientifically.</p>

Research achievements on biological activities of calycosin / 中国中药杂志

Calycosin, which is a kind of typical phytoestrogen, can bind with estrogen receptor and produce estrogen-like effects. Calycosin were reported to have antioxidant, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor and immunomodulating activities. This review covers biological activities and its mechanism of calycosin. It will provide a useful reference for clinical research and rational utilization of monomericompound.

A new phthalide from angelicae sinensis radix / 中国中药杂志

Angelicae Sinensis Radix, dried roots of Angelicae sinensis, is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. Six compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and preparative HPLC. According to physicochemical properties and spectral data, the compounds were identified as senkyunolide H-7-acetate (1), o-phthalic acid (2), diisobutyl phthalate (3), p-hydroxyphenylethanol ferulate (4), ferulic acid (5) and coniferylferulate (6). Compound 1 was a new one.

Preparation of tranexamic acid-loaded porous starch and evaluation of its hemostatic ability / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to develop a new generation of ideal hemostatic powder which can be safely, effectively and easily used mainly to first aid anterior to hospital by the synergistic effect of physical and chemical hemostatic mechanisms. The tranexamic acid(TA)-loaded porous starch(PS) (TAPS) was prepared by using PS as carrier and TA as loaded drug component. The absorption property of TAPS was evaluated by water absorption; the hemostatic ability of TAPS was evaluated by test in vitro and in vivo, the blood coagulation time of TAPS was detected by using Lee-white method. The experiment was divided into 3 groups: blank control group, Yunnan Baiyao group and TAPS group, each group with 10 blood samples in vitro test; the 27 SD rats were used to test in vivo, and randomly were divided into 3 groups: PS,Yunnan Baiyao and TAPS, each group consisted of 9 rats for establishing the animal model of liver trauma and detecting the complete hemostasis time. The results showed that the water absorption of PS did not be affected by TA when dose of TA loaded in PS was <0.02 g/g PS. There was no statistic difference in blood coagulation time between TAPS and PS groups(P > 0.05). The complete hemostatic time of TAPS for trauma of left lobe liver was 236.67 ± 55.00 seconds, which was shorter than that of Yunnan Baiyao (340.00 ± 73.48 seconds) and PS (396.67 ± 68.37 seconds) (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). It is concluded that PS can load TA and play the hemostatic effect through releasing TA; the TA loading <0.02 g/g PS did not affect the water absorption and pro-coagulation properties. The TA can enhance the hemostatic efficacy of PS, the hemostatic property of TAPS is derived from synergism of physical and chemical hemostatic mechanisms.

Identification of constituents in Suanzaoren tang by LC-Q-TOF-MS and LC-IT-MS / 中国中药杂志

LC-Q-TOF-MS and LC-IT-MS in positive and negative ion mode were applied to simultaneously characterize the constituents in Suanzaoren tang. Analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, Rapid Resolution HT column(4.6 mmx 50 mm, 1. 8 micro m) with gradient elution of acetonitrile(A) -aqueous solution containing 0. 05% formic acid(B) at a flow rate of 0. 6 mL min(-1) and the column temperature was 30 degreesC. By comparing MS fragmentation, accurate molecular weight, literature date and standard compounds information, a total of48 compounds were successfully identified or speculated. The origins of these compounds were assigned to the corresponding Chinese medicine. Thirty-one compounds were reported in Suanzaoren tang for the first time. LC-Q-TOF-MS combined with LC-IT-MS is a simple and rapid tool for the identification of constituents of Suanzaoren tang, and the results could provide evidence for the research on quality combined and effective constituents of Suanzaoren tang.

Determination of fifteen pesticide residues in Radix Paeoniae Alba by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with large volume injection / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 15 pesticides residues in Radix Paeoniae Alba by large volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(LVI-GC-MS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The pesticides, including organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethroid insecticides, were analyzed by LVI-GC-MS using DB-5MS capillary column (30 m X 250 μm, 0.25 μm). The column temperature programming: initial temperature 40 degree for 1 min, with the increasing rate of 20 degree/min to 210 degree for 2 min, then with the increasing rate of 5 degree/min to 280 degree for 22 min. The flow of carrier gas was 1.0 ml/min with the injection volume of 15 μl.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The calibration curves of the pesticides were linear in the specified concentration ranges with correlation coefficients of 0.9937-0.9995. The average recoveries of the pesticides in Radix Paeoniae Alba spiked at two spiked levels ranged from 60.4 % to 106.8 % (for pendimethalin and 4, 4'-DDE those were 53.1 % and 45.2 %) with relative standard deviation(RSD) of 3.6 % to 18.6 % and the detection limits (S/N=3) were in the range of 0.16 μg/kg to 3.59 μg/kg.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method for determination of multi-pesticide residue in Radix Paeoniae Alba is rapid, convenient and accurate with high sensitivity and low-cost.</p>

Determination of nineteen organonitrogen pesticides in Paeoniae Radix Alba by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry(CE-MS) method for the analysis of nineteen organonitrogen pesticides in Paeoniae Radix Alba.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CE-MS analysis was performed on a 70 cm X 50 μm fused-silica capillary. The optimal buffer was composed of 1 % formic acid and 15 % methanol(V/V, pH 2.2). The temperature of capillary was controlled at 25 degree. The separation voltage was +20 kV. The optimal MS parameters were as follows: ESI-MS analysis was performed in the positive mode; 90 % methanol containing 0.2 % formic acid with a flow rate of 8 μl·min(-1) was selected as the sheath liquid; the flow rate and temperature of drying gas were 6 L·min(-1) and 250 degree, respectively; The nebulizing gas pressure was set at 5 psig; The optimal values of fragmentor and ESI voltage were 100 V and 5 000 V, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The nineteen pesticides had good linearity over the testing ranges. The average recoveries were in the range of 80.1 %-108.4 % with RSDs less than 20 % (except ethoxyquin and spiroxamine, those of which were 29.2 % and 22.3 % at 0.01 mg.kg(-1) concentration level). The LODs of nineteen pesticides were 0.503 ≊10.1 μg.kg(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method can be used effectively to analyze the nineteen organonitrogen pesticides residue in Paeoniae Radix Alba.</p>

Screening and identifying hepatotoxic components in Aucklandiae Radix with GC-MS / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the potential hepatotoxic components in Chinese herb medicine Aucklandiae Radix.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The potential hepatotoxic components were screened using HepG2 cells labeled with fluorescein diacetate from 25 fractions of Aucklandiae Radix, in which the hepatotoxic compounds were further identified with GC-MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten potential hepatotoxic fractions were screened. The identification results by GC-MS indicated that the main compounds in C09 were dehydrocostuslactone, santamarine (or magnolialide) and reynosin, and in C11 were α-costol and elemol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dehydrocostuslactone, santamarine (or magnolialide), reynosin, α-costol and elemol are potential hepatotoxic compounds in Aucklandiae Radix.</p>

Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging may improve diagnostic accuracy of differentiated gastric intraepithelial neoplasia: a feasibility study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Magnifying narrow-band imaging has enabled observation of the mucosal and vascular patterns of gastrointestinal lesions. This study investigated the potential value of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging for the classification of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-six patients with gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (82 lesions) at People's Liberation Army General Hospital from December 2009 to November 2010 were analyzed. All patients underwent magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging, and their lesions were differentiated into probable low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or possible high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia on the basis of the imaging features. Pathologic proof was subsequently obtained by endoscopic submucosal dissection in every case. The validity of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging was calculated, considering histopathology to be the gold standard.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging showed 22 low-grade intraepithelial neoplastic lesions and 60 high-grade intraepithelial neoplastic lesions. Of the 22 low-grade intraepithelial neoplastic lesions, 16 showed the same results on both imaging and pathology. Of the 60 high-grade intraepithelial neoplastic lesions, 53 showed the same results on both imaging and pathology. Thus, the sensitivity of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was 89.83%, which was higher than that for low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (69.57%). However, the specificity for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (69.57%) was lower than that for low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (89.83%). The overall accuracy of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging was 84.15%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging can distinguish between gastric low- and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. It may be a convenient and effective method for the classification of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia.</p>

Survey of root canal curvature of anterior teeth from Chuang population / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the root canal curvature of permanent anterior teeth from Chuang population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>245 anterior teeth from Chuang population were collected and examined by X-ray radiography both from labiolingual and mesiodistal directions. For 218 type I anterior teeth, degree of root canal curvature, radius of curvature and length of the curved part of root canal were measured by a special electronic vernier caliper according to Schneider's and Schäfer's method and the data obtained were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Root canals of anterior teeth from Chuang population were mainly of type I. The number of type II, III, IV were about 13 in mandibular central and 12 in mandibular lateral incisors. The incidence of curvature in maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines and mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors, canines were 40%, 80%, 77%, 65%, 66%, 73% in mesiodistal directions, 62%, 69%, 70%, 62%, 41%, 61% in labiolingual directions respectively. The most curvature was moderate and happened in apical third. The heaviest curvature occurred in maxillary canines in mesiodistal direction and mandibular canines in labiolingual direction. The shortest radius and length of curvature occurred in maxillary lateral incisors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Root canal curvature of anterior tooth in Guangxi Chuang population is complex. The incidence of type II, III, IV is high in mandibular incisors.</p>

Acute aggravation of chronic tinnitus: a study of the hearing characteristic and prognosis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hearing change when chronic tinnitus acute aggravated and the affect of prognosis due to hearing change.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The pure tone threshold and acoustic immittance were used for every case in the acute aggravation of chronic tinnitus (AACT) group, and for some of AACT group members the auditory brainstem response (ABR), distort-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), electrocochleogram (EcochG), glycerin test and MRI were used at the same time for further diagnosis. For the chronic tinnitus, the patients accepted the intervention of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) both for the AACT group and the control group. As for the recent hearing loss appeared in the AACT group members, the patients were treated the cases as the sudden deafness, and then the hearing characteristic of the AACT group was analyzed and the effect of the chronic tinnitus both for the AACT group and control group after the TRT for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three kinds of hearing changes appeared when chronic tinnitus acute aggravated. Based on the dated high frequencies hearing loss ranged 4-8 kHz, recent hearing loss appeared in 1-2 middle frequencies near the impaired high frequencies; Based on the dated single middle frequency hearing loss, another middle frequency hearing impaired near the dated hearing loss frequency, the sawtooth-like audiogram changed to groove-like audiogram; Hearing fluctuation in low frequency area, hearing threshold increased 10-30 dB in 125-1000 Hz but kept unchanged in the high frequency area. The recent local frequency hearing loss healed after the vasodilator and neurotrophic drugs therapy, but the dated hearing loss can't rehabilitate. Along with the rehabilitation of recent local hearing loss, 25 of 32 cases chronic tinnitus victims get to habituation; this finding showed that the experience of tinnitus aggravation and relief accelerated the habituation. Until the 12 months after the TRT, the curative effect difference between AACT group and control group showed statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>When the chronic tinnitus acute aggravated, 3 kinds of local area hearing impaired. Timely diagnosis and effective treatment had brought not only hearing rehabilitation but also promotion to habituation of chronic tinnitus.</p>

Analysis of serum metabonome of patients with breast cancer by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze serum metabonome of patients with breast carcinoma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum samples from 30 patients with breast carcinoma and 25 normal people were collected. Endogenous metabolites amino acids, fatty acids, saccharides and organic acids were analyzed after derivatization.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The injection precision and intra-day precision (RSD) were less than 14.4 %. The method displayed good recovery (80.7 %-118.0 % with RSD<12.0 %) and linearity (r(2)>0.9905). Samples were stable in 24 h at room temperature. The samples were stable through three freeze-thaw cycles (RSD<14.6 %). Alaine,oxalate and glutamine were found with frequency of 96.7 %, 100 % and 93.3 %, respectively, which indicated that they may be the potential biomarkers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is stable and reliable, which may be helpful for the diagnosis of breast cancer as an auxiliary method.</p>