Applicable techniques for subchondral separation of femoral head necrosis treated by tissue engineering / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The appearance of the crescent sign in femoral head necrosis is a"turning point"in the progression of the disease,and repairing and stabilizing the bone-cartilage interface is particularly important in preventing further progression and collapse of the femoral head.Tissue engineering offers potential advantages in the simultaneous repair and integration of the bone-cartilage interface. OBJECTIVE:To review potentially suitable techniques addressing the subchondral separation in femoral head necrosis. METHODS:Relevant articles from January 1970 to April 2023 were searched in PubMed,Web of Science,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)using English search terms"femoral head necrosis,avascular necrosis of femoral head,osteonecrosis of femoral head"and Chinese search terms"femoral head necrosis,subchondral bone,cartilage,integration of cartilage and subchondral bone".A total of 114 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Structural defects,ischemic and hypoxic environment,inflammatory factors,and stress concentration may cause subchondral separation in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Subchondral bone collapse and failure of hip-preserving surgery may be associated.Integration of tissue engineering scaffolds with the bone-cartilage interface is one potential approach for treating subchondral separation in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.(2)Current literature suggests that multiphase scaffolds,gradient scaffolds,and composite materials have shown improvements in promoting cell adhesion,proliferation,and deposition of bone and cartilage matrix.These advancements aid in the integration of scaffolds with the bone-cartilage interface and have implications for the treatment of subchondral separation in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.(3)Surface modifications of scaffolds can enhance interface integration efficiency,but they have their advantages and disadvantages.Scaffolds providing different environments can induce differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and facilitate integration between different interfaces.(4)Future scaffolds for subchondral separation in osteonecrosis of the femoral head are expected to be composite materials with gradient and differentiated biomimetic structures.Surface modifications and stem cell loading can promote integration between the bone-cartilage interface and scaffolds for therapeutic purposes,but further experimental verification is still needed.Challenges include synchronizing scaffold degradation rate with repair progress and ensuring stability between different interfaces.

Visual and quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of non-vascularized bone grafting in osteonecrosis of the femoral head via CT-based radiomics and clinical data / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of CT-based radiomics and clinical data in predicting the efficacy of non-vascularized bone grafting (NVBG) in hip preservation, and to construct a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation.@*METHODS@#Between June 2009 and June 2019, 153 patients (182 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) who underwent NVBG for hip preservation were included, and the training and testing sets were divided in a 7∶3 ratio to define hip preservation success or failure according to the 3-year postoperative follow-up. The radiomic features of the region of interest in the CT images were extracted, and the radiomics-scores were calculated by the linear weighting and coefficients of the radiomic features after dimensionality reduction. The clinical predictors were screened using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The radiomics model, clinical model, and clinical-radiomics (C-R) model were constructed respectively. Their predictive performance for the efficacy of hip preservation was compared in the training and testing sets, with evaluation indexes including area under the curve, C-Index, sensitivity, specificity, and calibration curve, etc. The best model was visualised using nomogram, and its clinical utility was assessed by decision curves.@*RESULTS@#At the 3-year postoperative follow-up, the cumulative survival rate of hip preservation was 70.33%. Continued exposure to risk factors postoperative and Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) staging were clinical predictors of the efficacy of hip preservation, and 13 radiomic features derived from least absolute shrinkage and selection operator downscaling were used to calculate Rad-scores. The C-R model outperformed both the clinical and radiomics models in predicting the efficacy of hip preservation 1, 2, 3 years postoperative in both the training and testing sets ( P<0.05), with good agreement between the predicted and observed values. A nomogram constructed based on the C-R model showed that patients with lower Rad-scores, no further postoperative exposure to risk factors, and B or C1 types of JIC staging had a higher probability of femoral survival at 1, 2, 3 years postoperatively. The decision curve analysis showed that the C-R model had a higher total net benefit than both the clinical and radiomics models with a single predictor, and it could bring more net benefit to patients within a larger probability threshold.@*CONCLUSION@#The prediction model and nomogram constructed by CT-based radiomics combined with clinical data is a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation, which can predict the efficacy of NVBG before surgery and has a high value of clinical application.

The value of multi-sequence MRI radiomics in predicting the early response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of MRI radiomics model in assessing the early response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:A total of 367 patients with pathologically proven locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage ⅡB-ⅣA) in Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute from January 2013 to June 2019 were retrospectively collected. The patients were unable to undergo surgery and received complete concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Pelvic plain MRI, DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were performed within 2 weeks before treatment and at the end of the 4th week of treatment. Patients were divided into complete response (CR) group ( n=247) and non-CR group ( n=120) according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 1.1. The patients were divided into a training set ( n=256) and a validation set (n=111) via a randomized split method at a ratio of 7∶3. Two radiologists drew the region of interest on the DWI, T 2WI and contrast-enhanced T 1WI (delayed phase) images before treatment to form the volume of interest finally. Totally 1 906 radiomics features were extracted from 3 single sequence images, respectively. Feature correlation analysis and tree model were used for feature selection. Three classifier learning algorithms, namely logistic regression (LR), support vector machine and random forest, were used for machine learning and the best classifier was selected. Based on the best classifier, 3 single sequence radiomics models were built, and a multi-sequence combined model was obtained by multivariate LR analysis. The differences in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the 3 single sequence models and the multi-sequence combined model were compared by DeLong test. The clinical application value of the multi-sequence combined model was evaluated by decision analysis curve. Results:In the training set and validation set, the LR classifier model had the best performance. Based on the LR classifier, AUCs of DWI, T 2WI, contrast-enhanced T 1WI and combined sequences in the training set were 0.77, 0.74, 0.79 and 0.86, respectively, and AUCs in the validation set were 0.71, 0.66, 0.75 and 0.77, respectively. In the training set, the AUC of multi-sequence combined model was higher than those of DWI, T 2WI and contrast-enhanced T 1WI sequence models, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=3.01, 3.56, 2.83; P=0.003, 0.001, 0.005). In the validation set, the AUC of multi-sequence combined model and T 2WI model had significant difference ( Z=2.46, P=0.015). The decision analysis curve showed that when the threshold probability was in the range of 0.44 to 0.88, the multi-sequence combined model yielded a net benefit. Conclusion:Based on the LR classifier, the combined model built by radiomics features of multi-sequence MRI images has predictive value for assessing the early response of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism: A Prospective Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Objective@#This study used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare the characteristics of left ventricular remodeling in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) with those of patients with essential hypertension (EH) and healthy controls (HCs). @*Materials and Methods@#This prospective study enrolled 35 patients with PA, in addition to 35 age- and sex-matched patients with EH, and 35 age- and sex-matched HCs, all of whom underwent comprehensive clinical and cardiac MRI examinations. The analysis of variance was used to detect the differences in the characteristics of left ventricular remodeling among the three groups. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationships between left ventricular remodeling and the physiological variables. @*Results@#The left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (EDVi) (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 85.1 ± 13.0 mL/m2 for PA, 75.9 ± 14.3 mL/m2 for EH, and 77.3 ± 12.8 mL/m2 for HC; p = 0.010), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (ESVi) (mean ± SD: 35.2 ± 9.8 mL/m2 for PA, 30.7 ± 8.1 mL/m2 for EH, and 29.5 ± 7.0 mL/m2 for HC; p = 0.013), left ventricular mass index (mean ± SD: 65.8 ± 16.5 g/m2 for PA, 56.9 ± 12.1 g/m2 for EH, and 44.1 ± 8.9 g/m2 for HC; p < 0.001), and native T1 (mean ± SD: 1224 ± 39 ms for PA, 1201 ± 47 ms for EH, and 1200 ± 44 ms for HC; p = 0.041) values were higher in the PA group compared to the EH and HC groups. Multivariable linear regression demonstrated that log (plasma aldosteroneto-renin ratio) was independently correlated with EDVi and ESVi. Plasma aldosterone was independently correlated with native T1. @*Conclusion@#Patients with PA showed a greater degree of ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement, as well as myocardial fibrosis, compared to those with EH. Cardiac MRI T1 mapping can detect left ventricular myocardial fibrosis in patients with PA.

Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism: A Prospective Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Objective@#This study used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare the characteristics of left ventricular remodeling in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) with those of patients with essential hypertension (EH) and healthy controls (HCs). @*Materials and Methods@#This prospective study enrolled 35 patients with PA, in addition to 35 age- and sex-matched patients with EH, and 35 age- and sex-matched HCs, all of whom underwent comprehensive clinical and cardiac MRI examinations. The analysis of variance was used to detect the differences in the characteristics of left ventricular remodeling among the three groups. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationships between left ventricular remodeling and the physiological variables. @*Results@#The left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (EDVi) (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 85.1 ± 13.0 mL/m2 for PA, 75.9 ± 14.3 mL/m2 for EH, and 77.3 ± 12.8 mL/m2 for HC; p = 0.010), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (ESVi) (mean ± SD: 35.2 ± 9.8 mL/m2 for PA, 30.7 ± 8.1 mL/m2 for EH, and 29.5 ± 7.0 mL/m2 for HC; p = 0.013), left ventricular mass index (mean ± SD: 65.8 ± 16.5 g/m2 for PA, 56.9 ± 12.1 g/m2 for EH, and 44.1 ± 8.9 g/m2 for HC; p < 0.001), and native T1 (mean ± SD: 1224 ± 39 ms for PA, 1201 ± 47 ms for EH, and 1200 ± 44 ms for HC; p = 0.041) values were higher in the PA group compared to the EH and HC groups. Multivariable linear regression demonstrated that log (plasma aldosteroneto-renin ratio) was independently correlated with EDVi and ESVi. Plasma aldosterone was independently correlated with native T1. @*Conclusion@#Patients with PA showed a greater degree of ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement, as well as myocardial fibrosis, compared to those with EH. Cardiac MRI T1 mapping can detect left ventricular myocardial fibrosis in patients with PA.

Qingkailing Injection () for Treatment of Children Pneumonia Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingkailing Injection (, QKL) for treatment of children pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing QKL with ribavirin injection in the treatment of children pneumonia induced by RSV were searched in PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Chinese VIP database, CNKI and Wanfang databases from their inception to March 2014. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.2 software. The methodological quality of the selected RCTs was evaluated by the Modified Jadad Score. The primary outcome measures were effective rate and the secondary outcomes were relief time of fever and cough.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven RCTs with 992 cases published from 2008 to 2013 were identified. The meta-analysis results indicated that QKL was more effective in cure rate [risk ratios (RR)=1.32, 95% CI (1.17, 1.50), P<0.01], total effective rate [RR=1.07, 95% CI (1.02, 1.13), P=0.009] and less fever clearance time [mean difference=-0.73, 95% CI (-1.22,-0.23), P=0.004], compared with ribavirin injection in the treatment of RSV-induced children pneumonia. No dead case was reported in all trials. There were 3 trials mentioned adverse events, 2 reported no obvious adverse event occurred while 1 reported adverse events described as skin hypersensitivity, elevation of ALT, a mild abnormal of hepatic and renal function in both QKL and ribavirin group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>QKL was an effective and relatively safe option for the treatment of RSV-induced children pneumonia. These therapeutic effects were promising but need to be interpreted with caution due to variations in the treatment and methodological weakness in the studies.</p>

Effect of fibroblast growth factor 1 on the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in submandibular gland of diabetic mice / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To examine the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in submandibular gland of diabetic mice and to investigate the influence of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) on PCNA expression and its possible mechanism.@*Methods@#Sixteen db/db diabetic male mice were randomly divided into diabetic group and diabetic-FGF-1 group (n=8). Eight age-matched db/m mice served as a control group. After FGF-1 was administered intraperitoneally to diabetic-FGF-1 group continuously for 16 weeks, blood glucose and body weight of each mouse in the three groups were detected at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks. Then the flow rate of saliva in three groups was compared at 0, 8, 16 weeks. At 16 week, bilateral submandibular glands were resected. Then HE staining was performed to observe the histological morphology of submandibular gland and PCNA expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining.@*Results@#Four weeks after administration, the blood glucose in diabetic-FGF-1 group decreased markedly, close to the control group (P>0.05). Weight loss in diabetic-FGF-1 group was noticeable at 8 weeks after administration, but still higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The flow rate of saliva in diabetic-FGF-1 group increased gradually after administration, which was higher at 8, 16 weeks ([260.1±43.3], [308.5±34.0] mg·min-1·kg-1) respectively than that in the diabetic group at the same time point ([181.8±37.5], [194.9±49.8] mg·min-1·kg-1) (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, submandibular glands in diabetic group significantly atrophied and the glandular atrophy in diabetic-FGF-1 group was alleviated. The submandibular gland index in the control group, diabetic group and diabetic-FGF-1 group were (7.45±0.63), (2.23±0.26), (3.97±0.15) mg/g, respectively (P<0.05). HE staining showed that the histological morphology of submandibular gland in diabetic-FGF-1 group was clearer, and acinar and ductal atrophy were less significant than diabetic group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the rate of PCNA-positive cells in the control group, diabetic group and diabetic-FGF-1 group were (45.23±7.78)%, (11.50±1.69)%, (36.98±6.53)% respectively (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#FGF-1 can up-regulate the expression of PCNA in submandibular gland of diabetic mice. This effect may be one of the important mechanisms of FGF-1 reversing the structural atrophy and dysfunction of submandibular gland caused by diabetes mellitus.

Effects of serum starvation on cell cycle synchronization in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the optimal starvation conditions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and establish a highly efficient and stable method for separating HUVECs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HUVECs harvested from human umbilical cords by digestion with 0.1% collagenase II for 15 min were cultured in endothelial culture medium (ECM) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% endothelial cell growth factor (ECGS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution(P/S) at 37 degrees celsius; in 5% CO2. The cells were observed for cell morphology under an inverted microscope and identified with immunofluorescence assay. The purity of HUVECs was detected using flow cytometry (FCM). The cell cycles of HUVECs cultured in the presence of 0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% FBS for 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h were analyzed with flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>s The purity of HUVECs harvested by digestion with 0.1% collagenase II reached 99.67%. The primary HUVECs showed a cobblestone or volute appearance in vitro. Immunocytochemistry showed that HUVECs highly expressed VIII-related antigen. Cell culture in the presence of different concentrations of FBS for 6 h resulted in 70% G0/G1 phase cells, which increased to 80%-90% at 12 h of cell culture, and further to around 95% at 18 and 24 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Digestion with 0.1% collagenase II can obtain high-purity primary HUVECs. Culturing HUVECs in serum-free medium for 12 h can result in a high purity (over 80%) of G0/G1 phase cells.</p>

Effects of lentivirus-mediated siRNA interference of USP39 on proliferation and migration of mice vascular smooth muscle cell / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of lentivirus-mediated siRNA interference of USP39 on proliferation and migration of mice vascular smooth muscle cell in vitro.Methods Five siRNAs of siControl, siRNAUSP39-70, siRNAUSP39-71, siRNAUSP39-72 and siRNAUSP39-73 were designed and sythezied,mice VSMCs were infected with the lentivirus for delivering siRNAUSP39-73, and the stably transfected cells were selected by puromycin.The interference efficiency of siRNAUSP39-73 was assessed with Western blot.The effect of USP39 interference on the proliferation of VSMCs was determined by cells counting and MTT assay.Transwell assay was used to detect the migration of VSMCs.Results Recombinant lentiviral vector siRNAUSP39-73 was successfully transfected into mice VSMCs.Comparing with siControl group and Normal group, USP39 protein level of siRNAUSP39-73 VSMCs were decreased(P<0.05), and the proliferation and migration ability were all inhibited(P<0.05).Conclusion Targeted down-regulation of USP39 expression can inhibit the proliferation and migration of mice VSMCs in vitro.

Effect of Yupingfeng granule on cytokines of allergic rhinitis induced by OVA in rats / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effects of Yupingfeng granule (YPF) on immune factors of the rats with allergic rhinitis (AR) induced by ovalbumin(OVA). OVA 0.3 mg, Al(OH)3 30 mg and saline 1 mL were mixed and intraperitoneally injected for the initial immunization, 4% OVA 200 μg (50 μL) was given to the nose on the 15th day for the second immunization to establish the allergic rhinitis model. Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into allergic rhinitis(AR) model group, Yupingfeng granule three dose (2.7,1.35,0.68 g•kg⁻¹) groups, control drug Biyankang (0.4 g•kg⁻¹) and normal control group. After 14 days, efforts were made to collect blood from abdominal aorta, and take nasopharynx tissues and fasten them into 10% formaldehyde for a pathological examination. The levels of HIS, IgE, IL-4 and TNF-α in serum were examined by radioimmunoassay, and nasal mucosa tissues were examined by HE staining. According to the results, the levels of HIS, IgE, IL-4 and TNF-α in serum of Yupingfeng granule groups were significantly lower than that of AR model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Nasal mucosa tissues showed slight morphological changes and inflammatory cell infiltration, with unobvious necrosis. Yupingfeng granule can improve the pathological changes of nasal mucosa tissues, and reduce the production and release of immune factors during allergic rhinitis (AR) process in vivo by OVA, which may be the important curative mechanism of allergic rhinitis.

The Protective Effect of Ebselen on Mitochondrial Damage after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Ebselen on mitochondrial damage and its influence to Cytochrome C expression and the neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Sixty adult SD rats were ran-domly divided into 5 groups (12 each group). Spinal cord injury model was made using Allen's method. Sham operation group received only laminectomy;SCI group received laminectomy and spinal trauma;Saline group received saline injection intraperitoneally (0.1%DMSO) after injury;methylprednisolone group received 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone injection intra-peritoneally, ebselen group received 10 mg/kg ebselen injection intraperitoneally. The malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathi-one (GSH)level at the injured sites of the spinal cord were detected 24 hours after trauma, and the expression level of Cyto-chrome C was also observed. Finally, neuronal apoptosis was identified by TUNEL staining. Results MDA level in the Eb-selen group was significantly lower than that in the SCI group, and GSH level was significantly elevated in the Ebselen group compared with SCI group (P<0.01). Expression of Cytochrome C in Ebselen group was lower than that in SCI group shown by Western blot, and the neuronal apoptosis in Ebselen group reduced significantly too compared with SCI group (P<0.01). Conclusion Ebselen can alleviate peroxidation,prohibit expression of Cytochrome C and inhibit neuronal apoptosis,thus it shows a protective effect to experimental acute SCI.

Effect of Finger-acupuncture Massage on Fine Motor Functions of 40 Children with Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the effects of finger-acupuncture massage on the fine motor functions of children with cerebral palsy. Methods40 children with cerebral palsy following diplegia were randomly divided into two groups: observation group(n=20) and control group(n=20). The control group was treated with rehabilitation training, while the observation group received finger-acupuncture massage and the rehabilitation training. All patients were assessed by Peabody Developmental Motor Scale before and after the treatment.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in fine motor between the two groups before the treatment (P>0.05). There was a significantly difference in fine motor quotient(FMQ), grasp capacity index, and capacity index of visual-motor integration both in the observation group and the control group between before and after the treatment (P<0.001). There was also a difference in fine motor quotient (FMQ), grasp capacity index, capacity index of visual-motor integration between the observation group and the control group after the treatment(P<0.05).ConclusionFinger-acupuncture massage combined with rehabilitation training can improve fine motor functions of children with cerebral palsy following diplegia.

Effect of Qingkailing injection (QKLI) on complement and RBL-2 H3 cells in virto / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Qingkailing injection (QKLI) on complement and RBL-2 H3 cells in virto.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The mixture of human serums and QKLI were incubated for 30 min in vitro and then the content of SC5 b-9 in the mixture was determined by ELISA. RBL-2 H3 cells were cultured and treated by QKLI. Beta-heosaminidase release rate was measured by coloration method. The content of histamine in supernatant was tested by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The QKLI can reduce the content of SC5 b-9 (P<0.05) and promote the release of beta-heosaminidase and histamine significantly (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QKLI didn't induce the complement activation, but induced the release of beta-heosaminidase and histamine directly. Therefore, the clinical adverse reactions of QKLI in clinic may be pseudoallergy which had no relation with the activation of complement system.</p>

Optimization of ultrahigh pressure extraction for polydatin and resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum by using uniform design / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) process of polydatin and resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum by using uniform design.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>On the basis of single factor screening, the uniform design was adopted for getting the optimal technique parameters. The optimum result of UPE was compared with conventional extractions.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimal conditions of UPE for polydatin and resveratrol were that the solvent was 55% ethanol, the ratio of solvent to material( mL: g) was 30, the extraction pressure was 170 MPa, and the extraction time was 120 second. With this extracting process, the extraction yield of polydatin and resveratrol were 14.29 and 2.53 mg x g(-1), respectively. The extraction yield of polydatin was 46.1% higher than the heat reflux extraction, 6.4% higher than the ultrasonic extraction and 28.5% higher than the microwave extraction, while the yield of resveratrol was 67.5% higher than the heat reflux extraction, 29.7% higher than the ultrasonic extraction and 24.6% higher than the microwave extraction, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As a novel extraction technology for Chinese herbal medicine, the UPE procedure has higher extraction yield, lower extracting temperature, shorter extacting time and less power consumption. The UPE has provided a brand-new method for extraction of polydatin and resveratrol from P. cuspidatum.</p>

Micronization of magnolia bark extract by RESS as well as dissolution and pharmacokinetics evaluation / 药学学报

The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility and superiority of using rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. The extract of magnolia bark (EMB) was obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) extraction technology. Microparticles of EMB were manufactured by RESS technology. The effects of operating temperature and pressure on the contents of the active ingredient in the particles were evaluated by HPLC. The effect of expansion conditions on the particle size distribution of EMB particles was investigated. The smallest sample (mean size: 4.7 microm) was obtained under the RESS condition: pressure of 25 MPa, temperature of 50 degrees C and a nozzle size of 100 microm. The characteristics of microparticles were also studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis. The dissolution rate study showed that microparticles had a significantly faster dissolution rate than normal material particles. After oral raw EMB suspension, the mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC(0-t)) of honokiol and magnolol were found to be (4.23 +/- 0.36) and (5.46 +/- 0.57) mg x h x L(-1), respectively, which were increased significantly, i.e. (5.41 +/- 0.63) and (7.24 +/- 0.83) mg x h x L(-1) when micronized EMB suspension was administered orally in SD rats (P < 0.05). Similarly, the mean maximum plasma concentrations of honokiol and magnolol increased from (1.55 +/- 0.22) and (2.35 +/- 0.14) mg x L(-1) (raw EMB) to (2.31 +/- 0.17) and (2.84 +/- 0.21) mg x L(-1) (micronized EMB), respectively. The results of t-test demonstrated that AUC(0-t) and Cmax value for honokiol and magnolol was significantly increased with the micronization compared to raw EBM (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that the RESS was applicable for preparing microparticles of EMB at low operating temperature. The process was simple, free of environment pollution and without residual solvent.

Preparation of nanopaticles of SCF-CO2 extraction of Magnolia officinalis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare nano-particles of SCF-CO2 extraction of Magnolia officinalis with rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) and optimize the preparation procedure with orthogonal experiment.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The preparation procedures were optimized by orthogonal test L9(3(4)) with the mean particle size and the amounts of total-phenol as indexes. Factors of the extraction pressure and temperature, diameter of nozzle, pre-expansion temperature were evaluated for their effects on preparation process.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimal preparation technology was as follows: the pressure was at 25 MPa and temperature was at 50 degrees C, the diameter of nozzle was 200 microm, the pre-expansion temperature was at 30 degrees C. The nano-particles solution was settled, of which the average particle size was 303.50 nm and the total-phenol contents was 0.091 g x L(-1), and the stability of the particle size kept well after 1 month of storage at low temperature and obturation the mean particle size.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The RESS method is applicable for preparing nanoparticles solution of SCF-CO2 extraction of M. officinalis at low operating temperature. It is simple processing, and no environmental pollution, and no residual solvent.</p>

Preparation of microparticles of SCF-CO2 extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza by RESS / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Application of rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) in preparing micropaticles of SCF-CO2 extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The mixture which was composed of beta-cyclodextrin and SCF-CO2 extraction of S. miltiorrhiza with proportion 8:1 by weight, was granulated by RESS. The characteristics of the resululting particles were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the assay of salviol IIA in particles which was determinated by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The resulting particles were jacinth and photomicrograph produced by SEM showed that the morphology were silkiness and rugosity globular, the size distribution between 2 and 80 microm, and the contents of salviol IIA was 0.54%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The RESS method is applicable for preparing microparticles of SCF-CO2 extraction of S. miltiorrhiza and low operating temperature, simple processing, and no environmental pollution, and no residual solvent.</p>

Cultured cortical astrocytes of newborn rat can be infected by Hantaviruses / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To confirm that astrocytes from cerebral cortex of newborn rat can be the target cells of Hantaan virus (HTNV)and Seoul virus (SEOV)infection and to observe changes of astrocytes after different infection time. Methods Astrocytes were prepared from cerebral cortex of newborn rat, and then infected with HTNV and SEOV. The established virus infections were confirmed by detection of virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) and S segment RNA in astrocytes using double-label immunofluoreseence, Western-blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The astrocytes from cerebral cortex of newborn rat were cultured successfully in vitro, which could be infected by HTNV and SEOV. The number of infected astrocytes and the virus titer in the infected astrocytes kept on increasing along with the extended infection duration. Conclusions Astrocytes from cerebral cortex of newborn rat are the target cells for HTNV and SEOV infection. Then establishment of in vitro cultured astrocytes model for Hantaviruses infection will be helpful for the study on the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.