Antifungal effects of three medicinal crops on Phytophthora nicotianae / 中国中药杂志

Tobacco black shank is one of the most harmful soil-borne diseases infected by Phytophthora parasitica. In order to probe the control method to this disease, in this study, the mycelial growth rate method was employed to investigate the antifungal effects of extracts from stem-leaf and root, root exudates, and their combination of Scrophularia ningpoensis, Chuanmingshen violaceum and Pinellia ternata The results showed that: ①Stem-leaf and root extracts of S. ningpoensis, C. violaceum and P. ternata exhibited different antifungal activities, and the inhibition increased with the increase of extract concentration. The antifungal effect of S. ningpoensis extracts at 0.5 g•mL⁻¹ was the strongest than other medicinal plants, the inhibition rate of steam-leaf and root extracts reached 74.88%, 69.27%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of C. violaceum and P. ternata was relatively lower, however, there is a significant gain effect after combination of steam-leaf and root extracts of C. violaceum. ②The root exudates of S. ningpoensis, C. violaceum and P. ternata showed fungistasis to Phytophthora nicotianae, and fungistasis was enhanced with the increase of root exudate concentration. The antifungal effect in the order of C. violaceum > S. ningpoensis > P. ternata. ③The antifungal activity of combination of extract and root exudate from S. ningpoensis was similar with the effect of C. violaceum, they were both stronger than P. ternata, and the antifungal activity for three combination were located between the antifungal activity of their extracts and root exudates. S. ningpoensis and C. violaceum can be potentially applied to prevent and control the tobacco black shank.

Influence of continuous cropping on growth of Artemisia annua and bacterial communities in soil / 中国中药杂志

In this study, several types of Artemisia annua in soil, including the soil which had not been planted, or planted for one year, or continuously planted for three or five years were collected, in order to study the influences of continuous cropping on the growth of A. annua, content of artemisinin, available nutrient of soil, and bacterial community structure through adopting routine analysis and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that continuous cropping inhibited significantly the growth of A. annua and reduced leaf biomass, content and yield of artemisinin, with the maximum decreasing amplitude of 30.20%, 7.70% and 35.58% respectively. The content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and 16S rRNA sequence number were increased to different extents after continuous cropping of A. annua. According to the results of high-throughput sequencing, 634-812 types of common bacteria belonged to 21 categories were planted in different soil of A. annua with different planting years, which represented that the distribution distance of the point of bacterial community with different years among coordinate system of principal component was relative distant, and community structure had significant changes (P<0.05). As the planting years increased, the abundance of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes decreased in contrast to Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. In the top 20 types of predominant bacteria,Nitrospira japonica and Nitrospira disappeared, among which, only Gemmatimonadaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, Xanthobacteraceae, and unculture bacterium JG30-KF-AS9 were similar, indicating that the planting and continuous cropping of A. annua selectively inhibited the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, and influenced the supply and transform of soil nutrient, leading to a poor growth and resulting in reduction of artemisinin content and yield. Therefore, it is necessary to advocate crop rotation in the process of planting A. annua.

Influence of tobacco-Chuanminshen violaceum rotation on microbe community in soil / 中国中药杂志

Soil microbes are the important indicator of soil quality. For exploring Chuanminshen violaceum planting to microbial effects in tobacco soil, this paper adopted Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing to research the change of bacteria and fungi at the phylum and genus in the soil. The results showed that the Ch. violaceum planting increased the biodiversity of bacteria and fungi. The influence on fungi was greater than that on bacteria. It greatly increased the sequence of fungi, it obtained 32 978 16S rDNA and 32 229 18S rDNA sequence number. There was no change of the top three phylums in bacteria, but the content changed, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria reduced by 1.73% and 1.4% respectively, and Actinobacteria increased by 0.65%. The advantage phylum Ascomycete in tobacco reduced by 27.99% to be second advantage phylum after Ch. violaceum planting, and the second advantage phylum Basidiomycete increased by 23.69% to become the first dominant fungi. At the genus, Ch. violaceum planting changed the order of dominant genus and the abundance was also changed. Some changed largely such as uncultured Acidobacteriaceae Subgroup-1, Gemmatimonas, Subgroup-2,uncultured Nitrosomonadaceae for bacteria, norank Sordariales, norank Agaricomycetes, Phialophora for fungi. Especially the rotation increased antagonistic microbes and physiological microbes and decreased pathogenic microbes. So the Ch. violaceum planting can improve the microbe community in tobacco soil.

Evaluation of Aucklandia lappa Decne extracts as antiulcer activity in animals

Aucklandialappa Decne [ALD] is one of the traditional herbs to treat various kinds of disorders including asthma, cough, vomit, diarrhea, hepatitis and cholecystitis. However, its effects on indigestion and particularly antiulcer activity of ethanol extract have not been studied. In the study, the Aucklandia lappa Decne extract [ALDE] was investigated to see if it againstgastric injury effects through traditional pathways. Ethyl alcohol and epinephrine hydrochloride were used to induce acute gastric mucous membrane damage in adult SD rats and Kunming mice, respectively. This present study evaluated its effects on peptic ulcer of ALDE treatment in SD rats and Kunming mice. In acute gastric mucous membrane damage induced by ethyl alcohol in rats, the results indicated that three ALDE treatment groups highly significantly decreased the mucosal damage index as compared to the model group. Furthermore, this mucosal damage index of the mid-dose group significantly decreased while the high-range dose group highly significantly decreased, respectively, as compared to the SO group. The ulcer inhibition rate of low -dose, mid-dose and high-dose ALDE treatment groups reached 68.64%, 72.67% and 74.91%, respectively. In acute gastric mucous membrane damage induced by pyloric ligation in rats, the results indicated that three ALDE treatment groups highly significantly decreased the mucosal damage index as compared to the model group. The mucosal damage index of middose group significantly decreased while the high-range dose group highly significantly decreased, respectively as compared to the SO group. The ulcer inhibition rate of low-dise, mid-dose and high-dose ALDE treatment groups reached 68.64%, 72.67% and 74.91%, respectively. In acute gastric mucous membrane damage induced by pyloric ligation in rats, the results indicated that three ALDE treatment groups highly significantly decreased the mucosal damage index of, respectively, as compared to the model group. Furthermore, This mucosal damage index of the midrange dose group significantly decreased while the high-dose group highly significantly decreased, respectively, as compared to the SO group. The ulcer inhibition rate of low-dose, mid-dose and high-dose ALDE treatment groups reached 68.64%, 72.67% and 74.91%, respectively. Our results indicated that ALDE exhibits a marked effect on peptic ulcer activity in animals, which supports previous results of its use in traditional Chinese medicine

Study on the multi-marker components quantitative HPLC fingerprint of the compound chinese medicine wuwei changyanning granule

The aim of this paper is to develop a rapid and highly sensitive quantitative HPLC fingerprint method with multiple indicators by using the Compound Chinese Medicine Wuwei Changyanning granule and 5 herbs in the prescription. The quantitative fingerprint chromatogram with multiple indicators was investigated. i]6 compositions included rutin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, atractylenolide I, pachymic acid and apigenin, which originated from 5 herbs respectively, were selected as quantitative compositions, and their contents were determined using HPLC from 11 batches granules and the corresponding 5 medicinal materials. ii] The precision, stability and repeatability of fingerprinting were investigated. In addition, common peaks number, the percentage of non-common peaks and similarity were also studied. Among them, 21 common peaks in the granule could find the source of peaks from the 5 herbs, among of 10 peaks from Niuerfeng, 9 peaks from Laliao, 3 peaks from Baishu, 3 peaks from Fuling and 5 peaks from Guanghuoxiang. The results showed that the identification method of fingerprinting was reliable

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of patchouli oil

In the present study, the antimicrobial tests of patchouli oil were studied by using molecular docking technology and antimicrobial test in vitro. Five biological macromolecule enzymes, required by the bacteria in the process of biosynthesis were selected as target molecules. Five antibiotics benzylpenicillin, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin, which are generally acknowledged as antibacterial drugs, were selected as reference compounds. The 3 three-dimensional [3D] structures of the 5 reference compounds and 26 compounds from patchouli oil were established by using surflex-dock software [8.1]. And the 3D structures of five biological macromolecule enzymes derived from Protein Data Bank [PDB]. Molecular docking was carried out between the 31 chemical compounds [ligands] and the 5 enzymes [receptors] by using surflex-dock function. Furthermore, the antibacterial effects of 31 chemical compounds were investigated by the scoring function after molecular docking was completed. By comparing the scoring result of 26 compounds in patchouli oil with 5 compared components, we inferred antibacterial activity in about 26 compounds in patchouli oil. On the other hand, six frequently-used pathogenic bacteria were selected for antimicrobial test in vitro, patchouli oil and its two major compounds: [-]-patchouli alcohol and pogostone, which their contents exceeded 60% in patchouli oil samples, were selected antibacterial agents. Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and Minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] were also determined. Molecular docking technology and antimicrobial test in vitro proved that patchouli oil had strong antimicrobial effects. Particularly, pogostone and [-]-patchouli alcohol have potent antimicrobial activity

Preliminary antibacterial evaluation of the chemical compositions in Herba pogostemonis oil

In the present study, the antibacterial tests of herba pogostemonis oil were studied by using molecular- docking technology and antibacterial test in vitro. The 3 three-dimensional [3D] structures of the 5 compared compositions and 26 compositions from herba pogostemonis oil were established by using surflex-dock software [8.1]. Molecular-docking was carried out between the 31 chemical compositions [ligands] and the 5 enzymes [receptors] by using surflex-dock function. By comparing the scoring result of 26 compositions in herba pogostemonis oil with 5 compared components, we can infer antibacterial activity about 26 compositions in herba pogostemonis oil. On the other hand, six frequently-used pathogenic bacteria were selected for antimicrobial test in vitro, herba pogostemonis oil and its two major compositions: [-]-herba pogostemonis alcohol and pogostone, which their contents exceeded 60% in herba pogostemonis oil samples, were selected antibacterial agents. Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and Minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] were also determined. Molecular-docking technology and antimicrobial test in vitro all were proved that herba pogostemonis oil had strong antibacterial effects. Particularly, pogostone and [-]-herba pogostemonis alcohol have potent antimicrobial activity

Chromatographic fingerprint of Cnidium monnieri / 药学学报

To establish the method of HPLC-fingerprint analysis for the quality control of Cnidium monnieri L. Cuss., and identify its active constituents by HPLC-MS, 35 batches of samples were analyzed on a Shimadzu C18 column with a gradient of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous aceticacid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and detected at 245 nm and 322 nm. Furthermore, the typical samples were detected by HPLC-DAD-MS under negative ion mode. 35 batches of Cnidium monnieri L. Cuss. samples were classified into four types based on the results of similarity analysis. According to the comparison of the t(R), MS data and UV maximum absorbance (lambda(max)) values with the standards, 8, 7, 4 and 2 coumarins components were identified in four types of Cnidium monnieri L. Cuss. extracts, separately. The method is repeatable and reliable, and it is capable of effectively controlling the quality of Cnidium monnieri L.