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Objective:To integrate the best evidence of non-drug intervention of urinary incontinence in elderly women and to formulate practical recommendations.Methods:In this systematic review study, using “elderly woman”,“urinary incontinence”,“bladder training”,“pelvic floor muscle training”,“enuresis”,“leakage of urine” as the key words, the 6S evidence resource pyramid model was used to search in British Medical Journal best practice, Uptodate, World Health Organization, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Chinese Medical Association, Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network, Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, Cochrane Library, The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), New Zealand Guidelines Group, Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, etc. The evidence retrieved included evidence-based knowledge base resources, clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus, systematic review, etc. Data were retrieved from January 1, 2017 to May 1, 2022, and collated from May 2, 2022 to May 25, 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of literature and extracted data using the AGREE Ⅱ and JBI evidence-based health care center assessment tools. The JBI evidence-based health care center′s evidence pre-rating system and evidence recommendation rating system were applied to rank the evidence; and under the guidance of the evidence structure of JBI, the strength of evidence recommendation was determined and the best evidence was extracted and summarized in combination with the study group discussion and expert opinion.Results:A total of 9 articles were retrieved, including 7 guidelines and 2 systematic reviews; and 6 guidelines were classified as Grade A and 1 as grade B; both 2 systematic reviews were rated as Grade A; 84% (27/32) of the items were evaluated as “Yes”. Evidence were summarized as 34 pieces of best evidence from 6 dimensions, including “overall recommendation, evaluation of type and degree of urinary incontinence, lifestyle change, behavioral therapy, prevention of precipitating factors, intervention in special population”; the flow chart of screening, evaluation, special symptoms, life style and behavior therapy was combed, and the practical suggestions were formed.Conclusions:The overall quality of the literature on non-drug intervention of urinary incontinence in elderly women is high, and the level of evidence is high. Early identification of urinary incontinence types and assessment of disease severity, lifestyle changes, avoidance of predisposing factors and behavioral therapy are the key to non-drug treatment of urinary incontinence in those patients.
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Objective To observe the effects of 510. 6nm laser irradiation on the apoptosis rate of vascularendothelial cell and smooth muscle cell in rabbit. Methods After the abdominal aorta of rabbits were irradiated bydifferent dosages of copper vapor laser (100mW/cm~2?500s, 100mW/cm~2?1 000s, 150mW/cm~2?500s, 200mW/cm~2?500s, 200mW/cm~2?1 000s, 100mW/cm~2?500s), the apoptosis rate of vascular endothelial cells andsmooth muscle cells was detected by use of TUNEL staining. Results The apoptosis rate of vascular smooth musclecell in each laser group was 21. 2%, 24. 5%, 30. 8%, 37. 3%, and 34. 5% respectively, while that was 3. 4% inthe control group and there was significant difference between control group and each laser group (P 0. 05, respectively). Conclusion The irradiation of copper vapor laser would induce ahigh rate of apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell, while had no significant effect on endothelial cell at the same sit-uation.
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[ Objective ] To screen the duck model with congenital infection of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. [Methods] Serum DHBV-DNA level in one-day-old ducklings was detected by PCR method and was compared with that by Dot-blot method. Ducklings with serum DHBV-DNA being negative confirmed by PCR method were inoculated DHBV-DNA positive serum to establish acquired infection models. Pathological features of liver tissues in the congenital infec tion model and the acquired infection model were also observed. [Results] Sensitivity and specificity of PCR detecting serum DHBV-DNA were superior to those of Dot-blot method. In the congenital infection model, viremia maintained long time, the titer of serum DHBV-DNA was high and the inflammatory af fection in liver tissues was slight as compared with those in the acquired infection model. [Conclusion] The duck model with congenital infection of DHBV screened by PCR method is more suitable for the phar macological and pharmacodynamic research of drugs for chronic hepatitis B.