Caracterização microbiológica de carcaças de frangos de corte produzidas no estado de Minas Gerais / Microbiological characterization of broiler carcasses produced in the state of Minas Gerais

In order to evaluate the microbiological quality of broiler chickens produced in Minas Gerais State, 240 samples of broiler carcasses from the five regions of the Minas Gerais State were collected, by official inspection services, for one year. The samples were submitted to counts of total and thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase-positive and negative Staphylococcus, besides Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, E.coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. resource. The results showed the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms in 34.2% and 13.5% of broiler carcasses evaluated, respectively. All tested samples were positive for Staphylococcus spp., 9.1% for Salmonella spp., 15.5% for Listeria monocytogenes, and 2.1% for Campylobacter spp. E.coli O157:H7 was not isolated from the samples.(AU)

Influence of cutting room temperature on the microbiological quality of chicken breast meat / Influência da temperatura da sala de cortes sobre a qualidade microbiológica da carne de peito de frango

The temperature control in the processing room is one of the major factors associated with the production of safe food with a satisfactory microbiological quality. A total of 288 samples of skinless chicken breast meat were placed in a cutting room, subjected to four different temperatures (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC and 18ºC) and collected to evaluate the influence of the room temperature on the microbiological quality during the cutting and boning of chicken breasts. Aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were counted to evaluate the environmental contamination. In addition, coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC and Staphylococcus spp. were counted, and an analysis for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins and Salmonella spp. was performed to determine the microbiological quality of the meat. The results showed an increase in environmental contamination (P=0.01) with an increase in room temperature. However, no significant differences (P˃0.05) were observed in the meat cuts regarding the counts of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, the count of Staphylococcus spp. and the presence of Salmonella spp. Moreover, no staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected in the samples analyzed. Thus, despite increasing the environmental contamination, the increase in the cutting room temperature did not affect the microbiological quality of the final product.(AU)

O controle da temperatura do ambiente de processamento é um dos principais fatores relacionados à produção de alimentos seguros e com qualidade microbiológica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da temperatura ambiente durante o corte e a desossa da carne de frangos sobre a qualidade microbiológica dos produtos finais, foram coletadas 288 amostras de carne de peito de frango sem pele, obtidas em uma sala de cortes climatizada submetida a quatro diferentes temperaturas ambientes (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC e 18ºC). Para avaliação da contaminação ambiental, foi realizada a contagem de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios e, para a avaliação da qualidade microbiológica da carne, foram realizadas a contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, a contagem de Staphylococcus spp., a pesquisa de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas e a pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram um aumento da contaminação ambiental (P=0,01) à medida que a temperatura da sala foi aumentada. Porém, nos cortes cárneos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P˃0,05) na contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, na contagem de Staphylococcus spp. e na pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Também não foi detectada a presença de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas nas amostras analisadas. Foi concluído que, apesar da elevação da contaminação ambiental, o aumento da temperatura ambiente da sala de cortes não comprometeu a qualidade microbiológica do produto final.(AU)

Aminas bioativas e qualidade da carne de frangos de corte / Bioactive amines and meat quality of broiler chickens

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte mediante pesquisa dos níveis de aminas bioativas, foram coletadas, pelos serviços de inspeção oficiais, 160 amostras de carcaças provenientes de cinco regiões distintas do estado de Minas Gerais, durante o período de um ano. As poliaminas (espermidina e espermina) e as aminas biogênicas (putrescina, cadaverina, histamina, tiramina) foram pesquisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e detecção ultravioleta (CLAE/UV). Os resultados encontrados demonstraram a presença das poliaminas, espermidina e espermina, em todas as amostras, em concentrações médias de 3,56mg/100g e 5,72mg/100g, respectivamente. Em todas as amostras foram detectadas, em concentrações muito baixas, as aminas putrescina, cadaverina, histamina e tiramina. Foi concluído que a carne de frangos de corte produzida no estado de Minas Gerais é uma fonte de poliaminas, importantes para o crescimento e a proliferação celular, e que os baixos teores de aminas biogênicas encontrados não representam riscos à saúde do consumidor, indicando que esse tipo de carne apresenta boa qualidade, tomando por base o critério de aminas bioativas.

In order to evaluate the meat quality of broiler chickens by searching the bioactive amines level, 160 samples of carcass from the five regions of the Minas Gerais State, were collected during one year by the official inspection service. The poliamines (spermidine and spermine) and the biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). The results demonstrated the presence of polyamines spermidine and spermine in all samples, at mean concentrations of 3.56mg/100g and 5.72mg/100g, respectively. The biogenic amines putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine were also found, but in low concentrations. It was concluded that the chicken broiler meat produced in Minas Gerais state is a source of polyamines, important for growth and cell proliferation; and that the biogenic amine levels found were low, and do not represent risks to consumer health, indicating that it has good quality, based on the criterion of bioactive amine.

Adição de óleo de palma na dieta sobre a lipidemia e a qualidade do sêmen de bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) / Addition of palm oil to diet on serum lipid profile and seminal quality of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

O estudo visou investigar o efeito da suplementação dietética com óleo de palma sobre o perfil sérico lipídico e as características seminais de touros bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis), bem como suas correlações. Doze touros foram alocados no Grupo CONT (n=5) ou Grupo ÓLEO (n=7) e receberam alimentação isoproteica composta por silagem de milho e concentrado (milho triturado, farelo de trigo e ureia), com proporção volumoso/concentrado de 50%, durante 130 dias (Períodos 1 e 2). Diferencialmente, óleo de palma foi adicionado ao concentrado (2% MS) do Grupo ÓLEO. Sêmen e sangue foram colhidos quinzenalmente. Houve aumento nas concentrações séricas de colesterol, HDL e lipídios totais nos animais do Grupo ÓLEO, enquanto o período influenciou nas taxas de colesterol, LDL, lipídios totais e VLDL (P<0,05). Houve decréscimo no turbilhonamento e discreta redução na integridade de membranas nos animais do Grupo ÓLEO (P<0,05). Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre triglicerídeos e defeitos menores (r=-0,412; P=0,006), LDL e defeitos totais (r=-0,333; P=0,030), lipídios totais e defeitos menores (r=-0.366; P= 0,017), lipídios totais e defeitos totais (r=-0.309; P= 0,046), e VLDL e viabilidade espermática (r=0,381; P=0,012), apontando efeitos positivos da maior lipidemia na morfologia e na viabilidade espermática. O uso de óleo de palma alterou o perfil lipídico sérico, mas não favoreceu per se os parâmetros seminais relacionados com o potencial de fertilidade dos touros.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with palm oil on serum lipid profile, the seminal characteristics of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and the correlations between them. Twelve bulls were divided into Group CONT (n = 5) or Group OIL (n = 7). Animals in both groups were fed with isoproteic diets composed of corn silage and concentrated (ground corn, wheat bran and urea), with 50% forage/concentrate ratio, during 130 days (Periods 1 and 2). Palm oil (2%DM) was added to diet offered to Group OIL. Semen and blood samples were collected every two weeks. Increased serum levels of cholesterol, HDL and total lipids were observed for Group OIL, while the period influenced on cholesterol, LDL, total lipids and VLDL (P<0,05). Treatment decreased gross motility (P<0.05) and slightly reduced sperm membrane integrity (P<0.05) in animals of Group OIL. There were significant correlations between triglycerides and minor defects (r=-0.412, P=0.006), LDL and total defects (r=-0.333, P=0.030), total lipids and minor defects (r=-0.366, P=0.017), VLDL and spermatic viability (r=0.381, P=0.012), and total lipids and totals defects (r=-0.309, P=0.046), highlighting positive effects of higher lipid serum levels on sperm morphology and viability. The incorporation of palm oil in the diet altered the serum lipid profile, but it showed no positive effect on seminal parameters related to the potential of bull fertility.

Mielograma de ratas com disfunção tireoidiana / Bone marrow examination in rats with thyroid dysfunction

The cells of the myelo id, lymphoid , and erythroid lineage s of the bone marrow were quantified in rats with hypo and hyperthyroidism. Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: hypothyroid (n=5), hyperthyroid (n=5) , and control (n=5). Three months after the onset of the treatment s, euthanasia was performed . Bone marrow was aspirated from femurs of each animal to perform smear s that were stained with Quick Panoptic. T he percentage s of rubroblast, prorubrocyte, metarubrocyte, myeloblast, promyelocytes, metamyelocytes, myel ocytes, segmented, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and monocytes in were determined a total of 500 cells. The bone marrow of animals with hypothyroidism had hypoplasia. The myeloid:erythroid ratio was higher in animals with thyroid dysfun ction. In hypo and hyperthyroidism, there was a significant reduction of the percentage of rubrocyte, metarubrocyte , and lymphocytes and increase of myelocytes and segmented cells. In hypothyroidism, there was a significant increase in the percentage of me tamyelocytes. It is c oncluded that both hypo and hyperfunction of thyroid increase the myeloid:erythroid ratio by increasing the number of cells of the myeloid lineage and reducing the cells of the erythroid lineage.

In vivo and in vitro effect of imipramine and fluoxetine on Na+, K+-ATPase activity in synaptic plasma membranes from the cerebral cortex of rats

The effects of in vivo chronic treatment and in vitro addition of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, or fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the cortical membrane-bound Na+,K+-ATPase activity were studied. Adult Wistar rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg of imipramine or fluoxetine for 14 days. Twelve hours after the last injection rats were decapitated and synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) from cerebral cortex were prepared to determine Na+,K+-ATPase activity. There was a significant decrease (10 percent) in enzyme activity after imipramine but fluoxetine treatment caused a significant increase (27 percent) in Na+,K+-ATPase activity compared to control (P<0.05, ANOVA; N = 7 for each group). When assayed in vitro, the addition of both drugs to SPM of naive rats caused a dose-dependent decrease in enzyme activity, with the maximal inhibition (60-80 percent) occurring at 0.5 mM. We suggest that a) imipramine might decrease Na+,K+-ATPase activity by altering membrane fluidity, as previously proposed, and b) stimulation of this enzyme might contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of fluoxetine, since brain Na+,K+-ATPase activity is decreased in bipolar patients

Further studies on the hypoxia produced by canatoxin in rats

Canatoxin, a convulsant neurotoxin from the seeds of Canavalia ensiformis, induces lipoxygenase-dependent hypoxia in rats which is blocked by hexamethonium. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between canatoxin-induced hypoxia and bronchoconstriction. Since several effects of the toxin are very similar to those described for morphine and opioid-like peptides, the effects of opioid antagonists were also investigated. Pretreatment of male, adult Wistar rats (200-250 g) with cyproheptadine (80 ug/kg, ip, N=6) and isoproterenol (100 ug/kg, ip, N+6) partially blocked (% variation of pO2:CNTX alone: -26.67 ñ 2.56, N=6; with cyproheptadine: 16.15 ñ 2.97*, N=6; with isoproterenol: 17.73 ñ 1.93*, N=6; *P<0.05 as compared to CNTX alone) the hypoxia but no effect was observed with diphenhydramine (2 mg/kg, ip, N=6) or atrophine (2 mg/kg, ip, N=6). The hypoxemic effect of canatoxin (100 ug/kg iv 20 min, N=6) was also almost completely blocked with either naloxone (1 mg/kg, sc, N=6) or naltrexone (5 mg/kg, sc, N=6). The results presented here provide evidence suggesting that both opioid peptides and bronchoconstriction seem to play a role in the hypoxia caused by canatoxin

Tratamento da ancilostomiase, ascaridiase e tricocefaliase por meio do albendazol ou do mebendazol. / Treatment of ancylostomiasis, ascaridiasis and trichocephaliasis with albendazole or mebendazole

Por meio do albendazol (dose unica de 400 mg) ou do mebendazol) (100 mg, duas vezes em 24 horas, durante tres dias), foram tratados individuos com ancilostomiase, ascaridiase e tricocefaliase ou com, pelo menos, duas dessas verminoses. As porcentagens de curas verificadas correponderam, respectivamente, a 55,2%, 91,2% e 38,5% e a 44,0%, 90,0% e 71,4% no que concerne as parasitoses e aos medicamentos citados. O albendazol e composto cuja atividade antihelmintica, em seres humanos, vem sendo avaliada ultimamente e o mebendazol, ja empregado de forma ampla, serviu, no estudo realizado, como termo de comparacao. Os remedios em apreco nao causaram disturbios colaterais dignos de registro, tendo ficado patente que o albendazol, administravel de maneira bastante singela, desenvolveu atividade curativa semelhante a do mebendazol no que diz respeito a ancilostomiase e a ascaridiase. A proposito da investigacao efetuada, sucedeu analise estatistica dos resultados obtidos

Niveis de aglutininas anti-tifoidicas em esquistossomoticos hepato-esplenicos. / Levels of anti-typhoid agglutinins in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

Dois grupos, constituidos de 43 esquistossomoticos hepato-esplenicos e 83 individuos controle, foram analisados quanto a prevalencia de aglutininas anti-tifoidicas.Os esquistossomoticos apresentaram frequencia maior de aglutininas anti-tifoidicas (H e/ou O e/ou Vi) e de aglutininas anti-O do que os individuos "normais". Apesar de que estes dados se devam, pelo menos parcialmente, a maior exposicao natural dos esquistossomoticos aos antigenos estudados, sugere-se nao estar ocorrendo deficiencia na sintese de anticorpos, hipotese esta frequentemente associada as baixas taxas de positividade de anticorpos anti-O encontrados nestes pacientes com bacteremia prolongada pela Salmonella

Prevalência de alteracões eletrocardiograficas em chagasicos. (Informacões preliminares sobre o Inquerito Eletrocardiografico Nacional) / Prevalence of electrocardiographic changes in Chagas' disease patients (Preliminary information about the National Electrocardiographic Inquiry

O Inquerito Eletrocardiografico Nacional, para avaliar a prevalencia de cardiopatia chagasica, comparou individuos com soro reagente com nao reagente, pareados por idade e sexo. A amostra foi retirada dos resultados do inquerito sorologico nacioonal para doenca de Chagas realizado de 1975 a 1981. Foram realizados 4982 eletrocardiogramas em 11 estados do Brasil, sendo as maiores prevalencias de alteracoes eletrocardiograficas entre os chagasicos encontrados nos Estados de Goias (55,6%), Minas Gerais (53,5%), Bahia (44,3%), Piaui (45%) e Parana (34,5%). Nestes Estados, a prevalencia de alteracoes eletrocardiograficas entre os individuos com sorologia negativa foi 30,0%, 23,7%, 28,5%, 20,0% e 13,7%, respectivamente. Nos Estados de Paraiba e Pernambuco os achados de alteracoes eletrocardiograficas entre os chagasicos foram 36,7% e 33,3% e entre os controles 25,9% e 22,3%. Nos Estados de Sergipe, Alagoas, Rio Grande do Sul e Ceara a prevalencia daquelas alteracoes foi, respectivamente, 32,1%, 29,4%, 24,5% e 22,7% no grupo infectado pelo T. cruzi e 25,9%, 25%, 21.5% e 23,2% nos controles. A media da prevalencia de alteracoes eletrocardiograficas entre os individuos com soro nao reagente foi de 37,4%, enquanto, entre os de soro reagente foi de 22,6%. Os dados apresentados, embora preliminares, tem interesse para o controle da doenca de Chagas, estudo de cepas de T.cruzi e mecanismos patogenicos