Efecto del compuesto N-2,6-dicloro-aralquil-2-Aminoindano en la conducta estereotipada de ratas. Acción dopaminérgica selectiva central sobre los ganglios basales más que en las estructuras límbicas / Effect of the compound N-2,6-dichloro-aralkyl-2-aminoindane on the stereotyped behavior of rats. Selective action on the central dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia over limbic structures

Resumen La dopamina 1, está implicada en trastornos neurodegenerativos que afectan al sistema nervioso central (SNC) tales como la enfermedad de Parkinson, entre otros. Aunque no se dispone aún de ningún fármaco capaz de prevenir, detener o curar la progresión de estas enfermedades, son numerosos los compuestos que han sido diseñados, sintetizados y evaluados farmacológicamente, que han aportado las generalizaciones farmacofóricas del receptor dopaminérgico, necesarias para la búsqueda de un fármaco capaz de mejorar o curar estas patologías. Los derivados 2-aminoindano-N-aralquílicos han mostrado tener actividad selectiva en el sistema dopaminérgico central, de modo tal que los compuestos clorhidratos de N-[(2,4-diclorofenil)-1-metil- etil]-2-aminoindano 2 y N-[(3,4-diclorofenil)-1-metil-etil]-2-aminoindano 3 demostraron tener actividad agonística mediada por mecanismos dopaminérgicos centrales. Con el propósito de contribuir en la búsqueda de nuevos fármacos que permitan restablecer la homeostasis de la transmisión dopaminérgica en la enfermedad de Parkinson, el compuesto N-2,6-dicloro-aralquil-2-aminoindano 4 fue diseñado a través de estrategias de la química medicinal, que contienen las aproximaciones farmacofóricas de los profármacos. La evaluación farmacológica del compuesto 4, en la conducta estereotipada en ratas macho de la cepa Sprague Dawley, demostró tener actividad agonística a través de la activación de los mecanismos dopaminérgicos centrales y mostró mayor selectividad en las respuestas de conductas estereotipadas propias de los ganglios basales sobre las respuestas conductuales propias de las estructuras límbicas.

Abstract Dopamine 1 is involved in neurodegenerative disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS), such as Parkinson's disease. Despite the absence of some available drugs capable of preventing, stopping or curing the progression of such diseases, there are numerous compounds designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically tested which give rise to pharmacophoric generalizations about the dopaminergic receptor required for the search of a drug able to improve or cure those pathologies. N-aralkyl-2-aminoindane derivatives have shown selective activity in the central dopaminergic system. Both the N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-aminoindane hydrochloride 2 and N-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-aminoindane hydrochloride 3 showed an agonistic activity mediated by central dopaminergic mechanisms. To contribute to the search of new drugs able to re-establish homeostasis in the dopaminergic transmission in Parkinson's disease, the compound N-2,6- dichloro-aralkyl-2-aminoindane 4 was designed through medicinal chemistry strategies that contain pharmacophoric approximations of prodrugs. The pharmacological evaluation of compound 4 in the stereotyped behavior of male Sprague Dawley rats showed agonistic activity through the activation of central dopaminergic mechanisms and a higher selectivity in the responses of stereo- typed behavior characteristic of the basal ganglia over the typical responses from limbic structures.

Comparison of primary follicular lymphoma of gastrointestinal tract and secondary involvement: A study from South India

Primary follicular lymphoma of the gut (PFL-GI) is a rare entity. This study aims to compare the clinicopathologic features of PFL-GI with cases of gastrointestinal involvement by disseminated nodal follicular lymphoma. This is a retrospective study with 6 cases of primary follicular lymphoma and 8 cases of secondary involvement of the gut, over a period of 9 years. The slides and blocks were retrieved and reviewed. Clinical data was obtained from hospital records. Clinicopathologic features were compared. PFL-GI cases had a slightly higher median age group (p value 0.23) and no gender predilection when compared to cases with secondary involvement which showed a female preponderance. Para-aortic lymphadenopathy was seen in all secondary cases whereas none of the primary cases showed significant lymphadenopathy. The only microscopic feature that was different was the presence of hollowed out pattern of immunostaining for follicular dendritic cells seen in all cases of PFL-GI but in none of the secondary cases

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Chronic Pancreatitis in Children.

Objective: To evaluate the etiology, presentation, complications and management of chronic pancreatitis in children. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Gastroenterology department at Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India between January 2005 and December 2010. Participants: 99 Children (<18 yrs) diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis based on clinical and imaging features. Main outcome measures: Etiology, clinical presentation, complications and management of chronic pancreatitis in children. Results: Of 3887 children who attended the Gastroenterology department, 99(2.5%) had chronic pancreatitis, of which 60 (60.6%) were males. In 95(95.9%) patients no definite cause was detected and they were labeled as Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. All patients had abdominal pain, while 9(9.1%) had diabetes mellitus. Of the 22 children tested for stool fat, 10(45.5%) had steatorrhea. Pancreatic calcification was seen in 69 (69.7%). 68 (71.6%) patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis had calcification. Calcific idiopathic chronic pancreatitis was more frequent in males (67.6% vs. 48.1%, P=0.07), and was more commonly associated with diabetes mellitus (13.2% vs. none, P=0.047) and steatorrhea (61.5% vs. 16.7%, P=0.069). Pseudocyst (17.1%) and ascites (9.1%) were the most common complications. All children were treated with pancreatic enzyme supplements for pain relief. 57 patients were followed up. With enzyme supplementation, pain relief was present in 32 (56.1%) patients. Of those who did not improve, 10 underwent endotherapy and 15 underwent surgery. Follow up of 8 patients who underwent endotherapy, showed that 5 (62.5%) had relief. Follow up of 11 patients who underwent surgery showed that only 3 (27 %) had pain relief. There was no death.

yield of medical monitoring of staff employed in institutional catering services in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The four-year employment medicals conducted on 1734 catering staff at military restaurants under the remit of the Preventive Medicine Sub-Division [PMSD] of the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, were reviewed to assess the yield and justify this preventive medicine program. Various forms of medicals conducted by PMSD on catering employees in four years [September 1993-August 1997] were retrospectively analysed. A sample of 1000 consecutive stool/ rectal swabs were examined for the relative frequencies of intestinal pathogens. There were 3558 physical, 2278 chest x-ray, 7194 stool, 6884 rectal swab and 3535 "other" examinations in the period. Those infected were 546 and six of them were found totally unfit. The relative prevalence of enteric pathogens encountered were: Trichuris trichuria [1.8%], Giardia lamblia [1.4%], Shigella flexneri [0.7%], Campylobacter spp [0.5%], Entamoeba histolytica [0.4%], Decrocelium detriticum [0.4%] and Shistosomia mansoni [0.1%]. Whereas the small number found totally unfit would make one think this exercise has a low yield, the fact that potential disease transmission, especially food poisoning outbreaks, can be averted justifies the importance of this preventive strategy

Ensuring food safety in institutions through catering employee health monitoring

The employment medicals carried out by the preventive Medicine Sub-Division of the Riyadh Military Hospital on catering employees in locations under its remit from September 1993-December 1996 were reviewed in order to assess the yield and justify the need for this aspect of occupational health programme. Out of 1888 employees screened during the period only 6 were found unfit. A prospective analysis of stools from 1000 consecutive catering medicals from this largely expatriate staff showed an infection rate of 9.8%. The most prevalent helminths were Trichuris trichiura [1.8%], hookworm [1.5%] and Ascaris Lumbricoides [1.2%]; under protozoa was Giardia Lamlia [1.4%]; whereas the bacteria were mostly of salmonella species [1.7%]. Though the number found unfit was small, the prevention, by screaming these workers, of the transmission of these pathogens to the population they serve through food contamination, justifies the need for this health monitoring programme

Non-01 vibrio cholerae diagnosed at Riyadh armed forces hospital

This is to document a rare case of non-01 Vibrio cholerae extra-intestinal infection diagnosed in an immunocompromised patient. The source of infection could not be identified

Needlestick/sharps injury: an occupational health hazard of hospital workers

To analyze a one-year record of needlestick/sharps injuries that were reported at Riyadh Military Hospital, Staff Health and Preventive Medicine Clinics with a view to discern certain aspects of the epidemiology of this occupational health hazard in this hospital setting. Retrospective analysis of cases of needlestick/sharps injury reporting daily at both clinics were obtained from the clinic records. Riyadh Military Hospital, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine Sub-Division. Ninety seven reported needlestick/sharps injury cases by staff [nurses, doctors, etc] working in different hospital sites were analyzed from clinic records for January-December 1994. Identified were the types of sharps and the activities of staff when incidents occurred. Nurses [58.8%] and doctors [17.5%] were mostly affected in incidents which occurred mainly in the wards [48.5%] and theatres [13.4%]. Needles [72.2%] were the most common sharps. Using the syringe to withdraw from or adminster to the patients were more common [30.9%] than other activities such as disposal of needles [17.5%], suturing [15.4%] and cleaning waste bags [13.4%]. Dealing with this occupational hazard needs the adoption of two complementary preventive strategies for bloodborne pathogens vis: primary prevention through the adoption of universal precautions and secondary prevention by active and/or passive immunization of health care workers