Ultrasonic studies on molecular interaction of substituted heterocyclic compounds in acetone-water mixture at 303K.

Acoustical and volumetric properties have been measured for substituted heterocyclic compounds drugs and compounds in acetone-water mixture at 303K. The measurement have been perform to evaluate acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (bs ), Partial molal volume (fv), intermolecular free length (Lf), apparent molal compressibility (fk), specific acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA), salvation number (Sn).

Anatomy and histophysiological changes in pituitary of calotes versicolor during beeding and nnbreeding sasons / Anatomía y cmbios hstofisiológicos en la glándula pituitaria de la calotes versicolor durante las temporadas de crianza y la no reproductiva

Calotes versicolor, collected during peak breeding and nonbreeding season were used for the study of anatomy and histophysiology of pituitary gland. In C. versicolor the pituitary gland is small compact mass attached to the hypothalamus by a delicate stalk. It is of two basic units, adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. The adenohypophysis includes pars distalis (PD) and pars intermedia (PI). The pars tuberalis (PT) which is usually reduced in reptiles, is absent in C. versicolor. The neurohypophysis is composed of median eminence (MI) and neural lobe or pars nervosa (PN). The anterior PD is rich acidophils than the posterior PD during breeding season. These cells are differentiated as A1 and A2 cells. The A1 cells are erythrosinophilic and stained purple or red and A2 cells stained yellow with orange G. The identified A1 cells are regarded as lactophores and A2 cells are regarded as somatotropes. The secretion of these cells and cell number is reduced during nonbreeding season. The basophils of PD are PAS +, AF + and aniline blue + during breeding season. These cells are classified as B1 and B2 cells depending on their size and location. The large B2 cells are present in cords and B1 cells are located closely to these parts. The B1 and B2 cells are regarded as thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs respectively. During nonbreeding these cells show negative response to the above stain. The PI is large and labulated. The cells are AF+, erythrosine and secrete highly granular material during breeding season. During nonbreeding season they become AF-, erythrosine- and less secretory. The secretion present in neurosecretory cells of the neural lobe appears as large granules and they are AF+. These cells take deep blue stain indicating rich neurosecretory material during both breeding and nonbreeding season. The median eminence (MI) is located at the anterior part of neurohypophysis and sends portal capillaries to adenohypophysis.

Calotes versicolor, recolectadoss durante el peak de la temporada no reproductiva y la reproductiva fueron utilizados para el estudio de la anatomía e histofisiología de la glándula pituitaria. En C. versicolor la glándula pituitaria es una masa compacta y pequeña unida al hipotálamo por un tallo delgado. Se trata de dos unidades básicas, adenohipófisis y neurohipófisis. La adenohipófisis incluye la pars distalis (PD) y la pars intermedia (PI). La pars tuberalis (PT), usualmente reducida en reptiles, está ausente en C. versicolor. La neurohipófisis está compuesta por una eminencia media (EM) y el lóbulo neural o pars nerviosa (PN). La PD anterior es más rica en acidófilos que la PD posterior durante la temporada de reproducción. Estas células se diferencian como células A1 y A2. Las células A1 son eritrosinofílicas y se tiñen de color púrpura o rojo y A2 son teñidas de amarillo con anaranjado G. Las células identificadas A1 se consideran lactóforas y las células A2 se consideran somatotropas. La secreción de estas células y el número de células se reduce durante la temporada no reproductiva. Las basófilas de la PD son PAS+, AF+ y azul anilina + durante la temporada de cría. Estas células se clasifican como las células B1 y B2 en función de su tamaño y ubicación. Las grandes células B2 están presentes en cordones y B1 se encuentran localizadas cerca de estas partes. Las células B2 y B1 se consideran tirotrofos y gonadotrofos respectivamente. Durante la temporada no reproductiva de estas células muestran una respuesta negativa a la tinción anterior. La PI es grande y labulada. Las células son AF+, eritrosina+ y secretan material altamente granular, durante la temporada de cría. Durante la temporada no reproductiva se convierten en AF-, eritrosina- y de menos secreción. La secresión presente en las células neurosecretoras del lóbulo neural aparece en forma de gránulos grandes y es AF+. Estas células toman una profunda tinción azul indicando el rico material..

Efficacy of exogenous gonadotropins on the maintenance of spermatogenesis in pethidine treated albino rats.

An attempt is made to induce the pethidine suppressed gonadal activities by the administration of exogenous gonadotropins (hCG, PMSG, hCG + PMSG). Administration of 5 IU gonadotropins either separately or in combination to the rats treated with pethidine for 30 days resulted in the significant increase in the weight of testis, diameter of testis and seminiferous tubules. Gonadotropin(s) treatment stimulated the spermatogenic activity which was inhibited by pethidine. Therefore the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids in the seminiferous tubules and spermatozoa in cauda epididymis is increased significantly. Decreased testicular cholesterol, increased protein content and weight of accessory sex organs indicate the rejuvenation of steroidogenesis. Combination of both the gonadotropins is more effective in bringing all these activities.

Induction of spermatogenesis by exogenous gonadotrophins during nonbreeding season in Calotes versicolor.

Treatment of exogenous gonadotrophins(PMSG, hCG and PMSG+hCG) to male C. versicolor during nonbreeding phase resulted in increased weight of testis and its diameter. The seminiferous tubular diameter was also increased and tubules were filled with spermatogenic elements like spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. The results suggest that mammalian nonpituitary gonadotrophins(PMSG and hCG) also posses the potency to stimulate spermatogenesis in reptilian testis. Lowered cholesterol levels of testis, increased weight and protein content of epididymis after gonadotrophins treatment indicate that the exogenous gonadotrophins could initiate the steroidogenesis in testis. Interstitial space was enlarged and filled with active Leydig cells. Spermatogenesis was not complete as no spermatozoa were observed in the lumen of seminiferous tubule. The factors essential for the completion of spermatogenesis are discussed.