Predictors of Aggressive Behaviours in Drug De-Addiction Centre.

Aim: Associations have been reported between aggression and psychoactive substance use. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and nature of aggressive incidents and to examine the factors associated with aggression in patients in a drug de-addiction unit. Method: Forms of aggression and their severity were assessed based on questions of Overt Aggression Scale (OAS). Data were collected from inpatients about the nature of their aggressive incident during a 12-month period. The characteristics of those patients involved in aggressive incidents were compared with those of others who had not been aggressive. Results: Fifty out of 83 patients admitted during this period were involved in some form of aggressive behaviour. Pattern of aggressive behaviour exhibited by patients were in the form of verbal aggression 60.24% (N=50); Object aggression 28.9% (N=24); Aggression toward other 32.53% (N=27) and Aggression toward self 2.41% (N=2). There were high correlations of one form of aggression in presence of other forms. Most common diagnosis was alcohol dependence. On the whole aggression was found to be higher in the alcohol withdrawal with delirium group. While all other forms of violence showed increase with past histories, statistical significance was there only in aggression towards others (p=0.043). Aggressive behaviours generally reported less in voluntarily admitted patients. Comparison of aggressive behaviour in relation to family type, locality, religion, family history of violence did not yield any significant variation. Conclusion: Like weather forecasting, predictions of future violence will not always be correct. However, in order to prevent aggressive incidents, present study revealed that particular attention and increase support required in patients living in the nuclear family, unwilling for admission, past history of aggressive incidents and diagnoses of alcohol withdrawal. Verbal aggression could be considered as strong predictor for other type of assault.

Non Cerebral Activity in Patients of Schizophrenia: EEG Study.

Non Cerebral Activities (NCA) can mimic almost any kind of cerebral electrical activity and lead to serious misinterpretation if artefact periods remain in the recording. We focused on NCA detection in EEG of Patients with Schizophrenia. Out of 35 schizophrenia patients the presence of muscle and eye blink artefacts were higher in there percentages i.e. 86% and 92%. Fifteen patients (42.8%) reported as EEG of doubtful significance, which is higher in psychiatric patient’s then general population of epileptics.

EEG Study in Excellent and Poor Achiever Students.

Objective: To assess the EEG amplitude and frequency of poor and excellent achievers. Method: The 15% highest achieving students and the 15% lowest achieving students from the three faculties were selected to be included in the study sample. EEG was carried out according to the 10–20 system, using a common reference electrode. The Bipolar recording of 10 minutes of two runs i.e. anterior, posterior and transverse has been taken into account for the analysis of data. Results: There are significant differences in the amplitudes of certain lobes of both hemispheres of poor and excellent achievers. Particularly, poor achievers have higher amplitudes. The frequency of excellent achievers of certain lobes is found to be significantly higher than those of the poor achievers. Conclusion: The relationship of amplitude and frequency with academic achievement are inconclusive, nothing can be said with confidence about the role played by the amplitude in determining the academic achievement of poor achievers. It is difficult to understand the specific roles played by the frequencies of the different lobes in determining the academic achievement of excellent achievers. Hence, further researches should be undertaken to study the cause and effect relationship between amplitude and frequency of the different lobes and academic achievements of’ students.

Determinants of Acute Dystonia in First Episode of Psychotic Patients Treated with Haloperidol and Centbutindole.

Objectives: To assess the factors affecting of acute dystonia in first episode psychotic patients taken haloperidol and centbutindole Method and Procedure: Total 54 patients (Schizophrenia, manic, psychotic) taken for the study from the psychiatry O.P.D. K.G.M.C Lucknow. The age group of patients were between the 17 to 55 years. This study was double blind and prospective. Patients were randomly administered Holoperidol (5 mg) TDS or Centbutindole (1.5 mg) TDS. The total period of study was 2 weeks, if any abnormal movements developed during this period the criteria for acute dystonia was applied. Tools: Semi structured proforma, International Classification of Disease — 10. Diagnostic and research criteria for neuroleptic induced acute dystonia, Scale for assessment of torsion dystonia. Beck and Refaelsen Mania Rating Scale: for manic patient only, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: On all patients was used. Result: The results show that acute dystonia was higher among the manic patients, younger age, married, male between the age group 17-25 year and duration of illness 1-3 months. It was also higher among those patients who have psychiatric family history.