Role of Recepteur D'origine Nantais on Gastric Cancer Development and Progression / 전남의대학술지

Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the subfamily of which c-MET is the prototype. Large epidemiologic studies have confirmed the strong association between RON and gastric cancer development. Constitutive activation of RON signaling directly correlates with tumorigenic phenotypes of gastric cancer and a poor survival rate in advanced gastric cancer patients. In this review, we focus on recent evidence of the aberrant expression and activation of RON in gastric cancer tumors and provide insights into the mechanism of RON signaling associated with gastric cancer progression and metastasis. Current therapeutics against RON in gastric cancer are summarized.

Role of Recepteur D'origine Nantais on Gastric Cancer Development and Progression / 전남의대학술지

Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the subfamily of which c-MET is the prototype. Large epidemiologic studies have confirmed the strong association between RON and gastric cancer development. Constitutive activation of RON signaling directly correlates with tumorigenic phenotypes of gastric cancer and a poor survival rate in advanced gastric cancer patients. In this review, we focus on recent evidence of the aberrant expression and activation of RON in gastric cancer tumors and provide insights into the mechanism of RON signaling associated with gastric cancer progression and metastasis. Current therapeutics against RON in gastric cancer are summarized.

Gastroprotective Effects of Glutinous Rice Extract against Ethanol-, Indomethacin-, and Stress-induced Ulcers in Rats / 전남의대학술지

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered aqueous extract of glutinous rice (GRE) to protect against acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by ethanol, indomethacin, and water immersion restraint stress in rats and to characterize the active substances responsible for the protection. GRE was shown to dose-dependently prevent the gastric lesions induced by the above ulcerogenic treatments at doses of 30 to 300 mg/kg. GRE treatment increased the gastric mucin content and partially blocked the ethanol-induced depletion of the gastric mucus layer. Also, it increased the nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration in the gastric mucosa. The gastroprotective action of GRE was markedly enhanced by co-treatment with 4-8 mg/kg tea extracts. The activity of GRE was completely lost by heat treatment at 80degrees C for 3 min or treatment with 0.01% pepsin at 37degrees C for 1 h. Protein extraction studies indicated that prolamins are involved in the gastroprotective activity of GRE. Our results suggest that glutinous rice proteins are useful for the prevention and treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcer.

Gastroprotective Effects of Glutinous Rice Extract against Ethanol-, Indomethacin-, and Stress-induced Ulcers in Rats / 전남의대학술지

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered aqueous extract of glutinous rice (GRE) to protect against acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by ethanol, indomethacin, and water immersion restraint stress in rats and to characterize the active substances responsible for the protection. GRE was shown to dose-dependently prevent the gastric lesions induced by the above ulcerogenic treatments at doses of 30 to 300 mg/kg. GRE treatment increased the gastric mucin content and partially blocked the ethanol-induced depletion of the gastric mucus layer. Also, it increased the nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration in the gastric mucosa. The gastroprotective action of GRE was markedly enhanced by co-treatment with 4-8 mg/kg tea extracts. The activity of GRE was completely lost by heat treatment at 80degrees C for 3 min or treatment with 0.01% pepsin at 37degrees C for 1 h. Protein extraction studies indicated that prolamins are involved in the gastroprotective activity of GRE. Our results suggest that glutinous rice proteins are useful for the prevention and treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcer.

Effect of vitamin C and E on the lipid peroxide, antioxidant ability, and antioxidant vitamin levels in maternal and umbilical venous plasma / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: This controlled trial investigated the effect of supplementation with vitamins C and E on the lipid peroxide, antioxidant ability, and antioxidant vitamin levels in full term maternal and umbilical venous plasma. METHODS: Forty pregnant women were randomized in this study. They were nulliparous or multiparous women with history of preeclampsia or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Twenty women were given vitamin C (1,000 mg/day) and vitamin E (400 IU/day) from 15~20 gestational weeks to delivery. The others were not given, as a control group. Maternal venous blood was obtained before vitamin supplementation and just before delivery. Umbilical venous blood was obtained after delivery. Lipid peroxide level and oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction and Cao's method, respectively. Ascorbic acid, uric acid, beta-carotene, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Supplementation with vitamins C and E was associated with decrease in lipid peroxide levels and increase in ORAC values and alpha-tocopherol levels in maternal venous plasma. And it was also associated with decrease in lipid peroxide levels and increase in ORAC values and alpha-tocopherol levels in umbilical venous plasma. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with vitamins C and E may be beneficial in the prevention of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance origin diseases such as preeclampsia, PPROM. And it also may affect antioxidant ability of the fetus.

Changes of antioxidant levels in the uterine venous plasma amniotic fluid, and chorioamnion after maternal supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin E / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE:To investigate the change in the antioxidant vitamin levels in maternal uterine venous plasma (MUVP), amniotic fluid (AF), and chorioamnion after vitamin C and E supplementation during pregnancy. METHODS:Thirty pregnant women who were scheduled for elective cesarean section between 37 and 39 gestational weeks were randomized in this study. Fifteen women were given a daily oral dose of vitamin C 1,000 mg and vitamin E 400 IU from 33~34 gestational weeks to delivery. The other fifteen women were not given, as a control group. Maternal uterine venous blood, AF, and chorioamnion were obtained after cesarean section. Lipid peroxides and oxygen-radical absorbance capacity value were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction and Cao's method respectively. Ascorbic acid, uric acid, beta-carotene, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The tissue sections of chorioamnion were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson-trichrome stain, and immunohistochemical stain for collagen type IV was also performed. RESULTS:The lipid peroxide levels in MUVP of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group but in contrast, ORAC (Oxygen-radical absorbance capacity) values were lower in the control group. The alpha-tocopherol levels in MUVP, AF, and chorioamnion study group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Amniotic membrane and subepithelial stromal tissue in the study group were thicker than those in the control group. And subchorionic type IV collagen of placenta tissue in the study group was more stained than that of the control group. CONCLUSION:Maternal vitamin C and E supplementation may be beneficial in the prevention of diseases caused by oxidative stress such as preeclampsia and PROM and in increasing fibrin and type IV collagen in chorioamnion.

Lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant ability in venous plasma and amniotic fluid of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate their roles in the pathophysiology of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), we checked interleukin (IL)-6, lipid peroxide, oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and antioxidant vitamin in the venous plasma and amniotic fluid of women with PPROM. METHODS: Venous plasma and amniotic fluid was taken from 20 normal pregnant women and 20 PPROM pregnancy women. IL-6 levels was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lipid peroxide levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The ORAC levels and the antioxidant levels were measured by Cao's method and by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The IL-6 levels in the venous plasma and amniotic fluid of PPROM pregnancy women were significantly higher than normal pregancy (P<0.01, P<0.01). The lipid peroxide levels in the venous plasma and amniotic fluid of PPROM pregnancy women were significantly higher than normal pregancy (P<0.01, P<0.01). The ORAC values in the venous plasma and amniotic fluid of PPROM pregnancy women were significantly higher than normal pregancy (P<0.01, P<0.01). The ORAC values/lipid peroxide levels in the venous plasma and amniotic fluid of PPROM pregnancy women were significantly higher than normal pregancy (P<0.01, P<0.01). The ascorbic acid levels in the venous plasma and amniotic fluid of PPROM pregnancy women were significantly higher than normal pregancy (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: This result suggest that the increased inflammatory bioactivity, increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activity may be involved in the pathophysiology of PPROM. Low levels of ascorbic acid appears to be an important determinant of PPROM.

Changes in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation by antibiotic therapy in the maternal venous plasma of preterm premature rupture of membranes / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the amount of the lipid peroxidation and the protein carbonyls formation in maternal venous plasma of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) during antibiotics administration. METHODS: PPROM were selected between 25 and 32 weeks of gestation. Eighteen patients (group 1) were treated with amoxicillin and erythromycin for 7 day period, 18 patients (group 2) were treated with 3rd generation cephalosporin (cefodizime, cefditoren) and erythromycin for the same period. Maternal blood were obtained from the two groups before and after the antibiotics administration, day 3 and day 7. Lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyl contents were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine method. Other 18 women with normal pregnancy between 25 and 32 weeks of gestation of venous blood were checked same things in vitro. Interleukin (IL) -6 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: 1. The lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyls formation in the maternal venous plasma of PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (lipid peroxidation levels; 4.77+/-.36 vs 7.11+/-.41 nmol/mg protein, P<001, protein carbonyls formation; 3.55+/-.22 vs 5.69+/-.30 nmol/mg protein, P<001). 2. There were no significant differences in the lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyls formation of the maternal venous plasma with PPROM mixed and incubated by amoxicillin, cefodizime, cefditoren, and erythromycin (in vitro). 3. There were no significant differences in the lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyls formation of the venous plasma of group 1 between before and after antibiotics administration, day 3 and day 7. 4. There were no significant differences in the lipid peroxide levels of the venous plasma of group 2 between before and after antibiotics administration, day 3 and day 7. 5. The protein carbonyls formation in the venous plasma of group 2 was significantly decreased at day 3 and day 7 after antibiotics administration than that of before (6.04+/-.44 and 5.53+/-.37 vs. 7.04+/-.51 nmol/mg protein, P<005). 6. The levels of IL-6 in the venous plasma of group 2 was significantly decreased at day 7 after antibiotics administration than that of before (7.50+/-.35 vs. 3.13+/-.37 pg/mL, P<005). CONCLUSION: In the maternal venous plasma of PPROM, the lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyls formation were increased. The formation of protein carbonyls and IL-6 in the maternal blood of PPROM was decreased by combined treatment of 3rd generation cephalosporin and erythromycin. The results suggest that reactive oxygen species formation by inflammatory reaction is suppressed by the 3rd generation cephalosporins and erythromycin combined treatment.

Changes of lipid peroxide levels and prooxidative activity stimulating the protein carbonyl formation in the amniotic fluid of women with preterm premature rupture of membranes / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). METHODS: The lipid peroxide levels in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancy (n=20) and pregnant women with PPROM (n=20) were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The protein carbonyl contents in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancy (n=20) and pregnant women with PPROM (n=20) were determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. After amniotic fluid of them were mixed and incubated up to 5 hours with 0.2 mL of 1mM moxalactam, cefodizime, amoxacillin, erythromycin, the lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyl contents in them were measured. RESULTS: 1. The lipid peroxide levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (9.74+/-0.48 vs. 7.20+/-0.38 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 2. The protein carbonyl levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (13.0+/-0.33 vs. 11.27+/-0.17 nmol/mg protein P<0.01). 3. The lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls formation by moxalactam in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than basal level (12.08+/-0.81 vs. 9.74+/-0.48 nmol/mg protein, 20.08+/-0.66 vs. 13.0+/-0.33 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 4. The lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls formation by cefodizime in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly lower than basal level (5.04+/-0.33 vs. 9.74+/-0.48 nmol/mg protein, 9.76+/-0.35 vs. 13.0+/-0.33 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 5. There were no significant differences in the levels of lipid peroxide and protein carbonyls by amoxacillin and erythromycin in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM between antibiotics-induced and basal levels. CONCLUSION: The lipid peroxidation and the protein carbonyls formation were increased in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM. Antibiotics-induced lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl levels were changed in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM. Further studies on our results may be beneficial in the selection of antibiotics for pregnant women with PPROM.

Changes of Interleukin-6, C-reactive Protein, and Lipid Peroxide Levels in the Umbilical Venous Plasma of Preterm Birth with or without Chorioamnionitis / 대한주산의학회잡지

OBJECTIVE:To investigate interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipid peroxide levels in the umbilical venous plasma of preterm birth with or without histologic chorioamnionitis and to evaluate their roles in the pathophysiology in preterm labor and perinatal outcome. METHODS:This cohort study included 66 cases of preterm delivery with preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) (n=39) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) (n=27). The umbilical venous blood samples were collected at the time of delivery. IL-6, CRP, and lipid peroxide levels were measured by ELISA Kit, latex agglutination assay, and thiobarbituric acid reaction. Histologic chorioamnionitis was diagnosed by the presence of neutrophil infiltration into the subamnionic space. RESULTS:The prevalence of histologic chorioamnionitis was significantly higher in PPROM (59.3 %, 16/27) than in PTL (20.5%, 8/39). IL-6, CRP, and lipid peroxide levels in the umbilical venous plasma of histologic chorioamnionitis were significantly higher than those without histologic chorioamnionitis. IL-6, CRP, and lipid peroxide levels in the umbilical venous plasma of PTL with histologic chorioamnionitis were significantly higher than those of PTL without histologic chorioamnionitis. CRP levels in the umbilical venous plasma of PPROM with histologic chorioamnionitis were significantly higher than those of PPROM without histologic chorioamnionitis. Three suspected neonatal sepsis patients have increased IL-6 and lipid peroxide levels in the umbilical venous plasma compared with patients without neonatal sepsis. IL-6 levels in the umbilical venous plasma of histologic funisitis were significantly higher than those without funisitis. CONCLUSION:Preterm birth with chorioamnionitis is associated with an increased level of IL-6, CRP, and lipid peroxide in umbilical venous blood. Preterm birth with chorioamnionitis may have an effect on perinatal outcome.

Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and antioxidant levels in the umbilical venous plasma of preeclampsia / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lipid peroxide levels, oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and antioxidant levels in umbilical venous blood plasma and to evaluate the roles of them in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: Samples of umbilical venous plasma were obtained from 20 normal and 20 preeclamptic women between 33 and 40 weeks gestation. IL-6 and TNF-alpha was assayed by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Lipid peroxide levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The ORAC values were measured by Cao's method. Ascorbic acid, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: There was no significant differences of IL-6 levels in umbilical venous plasma between women with normal and preeclampsia (2.79+/-0.21 vs. 2.94+/-0.17 ng/ml). TNF-alpha levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with preeclampsia (3.04+/-0.01 vs. 1.40+/-0.01 ng/ml, p<0.01). Lipid peroxide levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with normal pregnancy (7.32+/-0.09 vs. 5.18+/-0.14, p<0.01). The ORAC values in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than that of women with normal pregnancy (12,836.5+/-249.4 vs. 10,490.2+/-276.9 U/ml, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than those of women with normal pregnancy (320.2+/-48.5 vs. 538.5+/-68.2 nmol/ml, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The above results in umbilical venous plasma suggest that the imbalance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in placenta is involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Increased TNF-alpha in the umbilical venous plasma showed inflammatory reaction in the placenta would be one of the cause of preclampsia. An antioxidant vitamin, ascorbic acid, may act an important antioxidant factor in preeclampsia.

Changes of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and total antioxidant ability in the umbilical venous plasma of preterm birth with or without premature rupture of membranes / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To compare interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and antioxidant vitamin levels in the umbilical venous plasma of preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL) and preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) with that of full term normal pregnancy (NP) and to evaluate their roles of pathophysiology in preterm labor and PPROM. METHODS: Umbilical venous blood samples were collected from women with PTL (n=30), PPROM (n=30) and NP (n=30). IL-6 and TNF-alpha were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lipid peroxide levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The ORAC was mesured by Cao's method. Antioxidant vitamin levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in the umbilical venous plasma of PPROM were significantly higher than that of PTL and NP (3.28+/-0.31 vs. 2.84+/-0.19 vs. 2.79+/-0.22 pg/ml, p<0.05), (2.30+/-0.27 vs. 1.64+/-0.23 vs. 1.40+/-0.25 pg/ml, p<0.01). Lipid peroxide levels in the umbilical venous plasma of PPROM were significantly higher than that of NP and PTL (2.78+/-0.27 vs. 2.54+/-0.32 vs. 2.24+/-0.24 nmol/mg protein, p<0.01). ORAC levels in the umbilical venous plasma of PTL and PPROM were significantly lower than that of NP (967425.4+/-98.99 vs. 965165.8+/-91.20 vs. 1011328.5+/-85.96 U/ml, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid levels in the umbilical venous plasma of PPROM were significantly lower than that of NP and PTL (125.6+/-2.33 vs. 158.3+/-3.08 vs. 221.7+/-2.82 nmol/ml, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Increase in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) and imbalance of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activity in umbilical venous blood may be involved in the pathophysiology of PPROM.

Increase in the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the venous plasma of women with preterm pemature rupture of membranes / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the lipid peroxide levels and the protein carbonyl groups content in the venous plasma of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), non-pregnant, and normal pregnant women. METHODS: Samples of venous blood were obtained from women with non pregnancy (n=20), normal pregnancy between 25 and 37 weeks gestation (n=20), and PPROM before 37 completed weeks gestation (n=20). Lipid peroxide levels in the venous plasma of women of each group were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The basal, amoxacillin and moxalactam-induced protein carbonyl contents in the venous plasma of women of each group were determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method. RESULTS: 1. Lipid peroxide levels in the venous plasma of PPROM was significantly higher than that of non-pregnant and normal pregnant women (5.66+/-0.43 vs. 3.78+/-0.24 vs. 3.56+/-0.30 nmol/mg protein, p0.05). 5. There were significant positive correlations between lipid peroxide and moxalactam-induced protein carbonyls levels of the venous plasma (p<0.05). There were no significant positive correlations between lipid peroxide and amoxacillin-induced protein carbonyls levels of the venous plasma. CONCLUSION: In the venous plasma of pregnant women with PPROM, the lipid peroxidation and the protein carbonyl formation were increased. And moxalactam-induced protein carbonyl levels were increased in PPROM. These results suggest that oxydative stress was increased in pregnant women with PPROM.

Changes in the Total Antioxidant Ability and Antioxidant Vitamin Levels in the Maternal Venous Plasma of Preeclampsia / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to compare lipid peroxide level, total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidative parameter (TRAP) value, and antioxidant vitamin level in the maternal venous plasma between normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. METHODS: Samples of venous plasma were obtained from 38 normal and 24 preeclamptic women. Lipid peroxides levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The TRAP values were measured by Wayner's method, although some reaction conditions were modified. Ascorbic acid, retinol, alpah-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between the lipid peroxides level in the maternal venous plasma and gestational age in normal pregnancy (n=38, r=0.04, p=NS). The lipid peroxide level in the maternal venous plasma of preeclampsia (n=24) was significantly higher than that of gestational age-matched normal pregnancy (n=26), (4.39 +/- 0.38 vs. 3.23 +/- 0.15 nmol/mg protein, p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between the TRAP value in the maternal venous plasma and gestational age in normal pregnancy (n=38, r=0.02, p=NS). The TRAP value in the maternal venous plasma of preeclampsia (n=24) was significantly lower than that of gestational age-matched normal pregnancy (n=26), (0.33 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.02 mM, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid level in the maternal venous plasma of preeclampsia was significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy (377.8 +/- 23.6 vs. 552.2 +/- 52.1 nmol/mL, p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in maternal venous plasma retinol, alpah-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol levels between normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that the imbalance of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activity were in the maternal blood of preeclampsia, and an antioxidant vitamin, ascorbic acid, may be decreased result from counteracting free radical-mediated cell disturbance.

The Protein Oxidation-Stimulating Activities in the Uterine Venous, Umbilical Venous, and Umbilical Arterial Plasma of Preeclampsia / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the prooxidative activity stimulating the protein carbonyl formation by 3rd generation cephalosporin (moxalactam) and amoxacillin in the uterine venous, umbilical venous, and umbilical arterial plasma of preeclampsia with that of normal pregnancy. METHODS: Lipid peroxide levels in the uterine venous, umbilical venous, and umbilical arterial plasma of normal pregnancy (n=16) and preeclampsia (n=16) were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The basal protein carbonyl contents in the uterine venous, umbilical venous, and umbilical arterial plasma of normal pregnancy (n=16) and preeclampsia (n=16) were determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method. After plasma of them were mixed and incubated up to 5 hours with 0.2 mL of 1 mM moxalactam or amoxacillin, the protein carbonyl contents in them were measured by DNPH. RESULTS: Lipid peroxide levels in the uterine venous plasma, umbilical venous plasma, and umbilical arterial plasma of preeclampsia were significantly higher than those of normal pregnancy (3.11+/-1.21 vs. 2.18+/-1.16 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05, 5.85+/-1.67 vs. 3.79+/-1.66 nmol/ mg protein, p<0.01, 6.00+/-1.91 vs. 4.99+/-1.78 nmol/mg protein, p<0.01). Protein carbonyls formation by moxalactam in the uterine venous plasma, umbilical venous plasma, and umbilical arterial plasma of preeclampsia were signigicant higher than those of normal pregnancy (19.69+/-8.43 vs. 10.84+/-3.00 nmol/mg protein, p<0.01, 18.94+/-6.96 vs. 10.63+/-1.81 nmol/mg protein, p<0.01, 14.62+/-5.77 vs. 11.21+/-2.08 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between lipid peroxide and moxalactam-induced protein carbonyls levels of the uterine venous plasma, umbilical venous plasma, and umbilical arterial plasma (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that increase in the prooxidative activity stimulating the oxidative modification of proteins in utero-placental unit may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Total Antioxidant Ability and Antioxidant Vitamins in Uterine Venous, Umbilical Venous, and Umbilical Arterial Plasma of Preeclampsia / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to investigate lipid peroxide levels, oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and antioxidant vitamin levels in uterine venous plasma, umbilical venous and arterial plasma and to evaluate their roles in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and effects of oxidative stress on fetus. METHODS: Samples of uterine venous plasma before and after delivery, umbilical venous and arterial plasma were collected from 18 normal and 16 preeclamptic women between 34 and 38 weeks gestation during Cesarean section. Lipid peroxide levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The ORAC values were measured by Cao's method. Ascorbic acid, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: 1. Lipid peroxide levels in uterine venous plasma before and after delivery of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with normal pregnancy (5.56 +/- 0.57 vs. 3.48 +/- 0.29, p<0.01, 5.37 +/- 0.41 vs. 3.93 +/- 0.38 nmol/mg protein, p<0.01). 2. Lipid peroxide levels in umbilical venous and arterial plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with normal pregnancy (7.32 +/- 0.55 vs. 5.18 +/- 0.38, p<0.01, 8.21 +/- 0.81 vs. 5.14 +/- 0.39 nmol/mg protein, p<0.01). Lipid peroxide levels in umbilical arterial plasma were significantly higher than that of umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia (8.21 +/- 0.81 vs. 7.32 +/- 0.55 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05). 3. The ORAC values in uterine venous plasma before delivery of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than that of women with normal pregnancy (10993.8 +/- 622.2 vs. 12596.1 +/- 726.1 U/mL, p<0.05). 4. The ORAC values in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than that of women with normal pregnancy (10515.1 +/- 683.4 vs. 12804.6 +/- 463.7 U/mL, p<0.05). 5. Ascorbic acid levels in uterine venous plasma before and after delivery of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than that of women with normal pregnancy (419.2 +/- 64.6 vs. 551.4 +/- 57.6 nmol/mL, p<0.05, 398.1 +/- 45.2 vs. 450.8 +/- 33.6 nmol/mL, p<0.05). 6. Ascorbic acid levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than that of women with normal pregnancy (401.8 +/- 47.8 vs. 561.4 +/- 53.1 nmol/mL p<0.05). Uric acid levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclam psia were significantly higher than that of women with normal pregnancy (7789.2 +/- 551.7 vs. 6419.5 +/- 452.2 nmol/mL p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that increased oxidative stress in uteroplacental unit is involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and ascorbic acid may act as an important preventive factor in the development of preeclampsia.

Increased Prooxidative Activity Stimulating the Oxidative Modification of Proteins in the Umbilical Venous Plasma and Placenta of Preeclampsia / 대한주산의학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the prooxidative activity stimulating the protein carbonyl formation by cephalosporins in the umbilical venous and placenta of preeclampsia with that of normal pregnancy. METHODS: Lipid peroxide levels in the umbilical venous plasma and placental tissue homogenates of normal pregnancy (n=12) and preeclampsia (n=12) were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The basal protein carbonyl contents in the umbilical venous plasma and placental tissue homogenates of normal pregnancy (n=12) and preeclampsia (n=12) were determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method. After samples of them were mixed and incubated up to 5 hours with 0.2 mL of 1 mM moxalactam or cephalothin, the protein carbonyl contents in them were measured by DNPH. RESULTS: Protein carbonyls formation by moxalactam and cephalothin in the umbilical venous plasma and of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with normal pregnancy (8.5+/-2.0 vs. 6.6+/-1.4 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05, 7.6+/-1.6 vs. 6.2+/-1.2 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05). Protein carbonyls formation by moxalactam and cephalothin in the placental tissue homogenates of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with normal pregnancy (17.6+/-5.3 vs. 13.0+/-4.2 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05, 16.1+/-5.2 vs. 12.5+/-4.4 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between lipid peroxide and cephalosporins induced protein carbonyls levels of umbilical venous plasma, and placental tissue homogenates (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that increase in the prooxidative activity stimulating the oxidative modification of proteins in placenta may be involved in the pathogenesis of preecalmpsia.

Lipid peroxidation, Total Peroxyl Radical-Trapping Ability, and Antioxidant Vitamin Levels in Maternal Venous Plasma of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate lipid peroxide levels, total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidative parameter (TRAP) values, and antioxidant vitamin levels in the maternal venous blood plasma of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and to evaluate their roles of pathophysiology in PPROM. METHODS: Samples of maternal blood were obtained from women with normal pregnancy (n=23) and PPROM (n=20). Lipid peroxide levels of maternal venous blood plasma were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The TRAP value of maternal venous blood plasma was measured by Wayner's method, although some reaction conditions were modified. Ascorbic acid and uric acid were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) CoulArray detector of water-soluble antioxidants. Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol were measured by HPLC-CoulArray detector of fat-soluble vitamins RESULTS: Lipid peroxide levels in the maternal venous blood plasma of PPROM were significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (3.87 +/- 0.24 vs. 3.04 +/- 0.24 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05). TRAP values in the maternal venous blood plasma of PPROM were significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy (0.33 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.02 mM, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid levels in the maternal venous blood plasma of PPROM were significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy (383.8 +/- 47.5 vs. 563.3 +/- 73.8 nmol/mg, p<0.05). There were no significant differences in maternal venous blood plasma uric acid, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol levels between two groups. CONCLUSION: This findings suggest that the imbalance of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activity in maternal blood may be involved in the pathophysiology of PPROM. Low levels of ascorbic acid in maternal blood appears to be an important determinant of PPROM.

Lipid peroxidation, Total Peroxyl Radical-Trapping Ability, and Antioxidant Vitamin Levels in Maternal Venous Plasma of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate lipid peroxide levels, total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidative parameter (TRAP) values, and antioxidant vitamin levels in the maternal venous blood plasma of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and to evaluate their roles of pathophysiology in PPROM. METHODS: Samples of maternal blood were obtained from women with normal pregnancy (n=23) and PPROM (n=20). Lipid peroxide levels of maternal venous blood plasma were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The TRAP value of maternal venous blood plasma was measured by Wayner's method, although some reaction conditions were modified. Ascorbic acid and uric acid were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) CoulArray detector of water-soluble antioxidants. Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol were measured by HPLC-CoulArray detector of fat-soluble vitamins RESULTS: Lipid peroxide levels in the maternal venous blood plasma of PPROM were significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (3.87 +/- 0.24 vs. 3.04 +/- 0.24 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05). TRAP values in the maternal venous blood plasma of PPROM were significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy (0.33 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.02 mM, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid levels in the maternal venous blood plasma of PPROM were significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy (383.8 +/- 47.5 vs. 563.3 +/- 73.8 nmol/mg, p<0.05). There were no significant differences in maternal venous blood plasma uric acid, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol levels between two groups. CONCLUSION: This findings suggest that the imbalance of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activity in maternal blood may be involved in the pathophysiology of PPROM. Low levels of ascorbic acid in maternal blood appears to be an important determinant of PPROM.

The effect of ozone exposure on antioxidant responses in murine model of asthma / 천식및알레르기

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ozone exposure has been shown to modify the protective antioxidant defense network in the respiratory tract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ozone exposure on antioxidant status in murine model of asthma. METHODS: Enhanced pause of breathing (Penh) as marker of airway obstruction was measured to determine whether bronchoconstriction occurred in BALB/c mice using barometric whole-body plethysmography after ozone and ovalbumin (OVA) exposure. Antioxidant levels were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue homogenates. RESULTS: Uric acid and gamma-tocopherol concentrations were significantly increased in BAL fluid following ozone and OVA exposure (p<0.01). Malondialdehyde concentrations in lung tissue homogenates were significantly increased in ozone and OVA exposed group than in the saline exposed group (p<0.05). Uric acid concentrations were increased in ozone and OVA exposed group than in the saline exposed group. Increases in Penh were significantly higher in ozone and OVA exposed group than in saline exposed group. The proportion of neutrophils in BAL fluid was significantly higher in ozone exposed group than in saline exposed group (p<0.01). The level of ascorbate was correlated with the level of gamma-tocopherol (r=0.65, p<0.05). Penh was not related with antioxidant responses. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that antioxidant responses may serve as protective mechanism to minimize the effects of ozone exposure in murine model of asthma.