Effects of binary dance rhythm compared with quaternary dance rhythm in fatigue, sleep, and daily sleepiness of individuals with Parkinson's disease: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract Aim: People with Parkinson's disease constantly demonstrate low levels of physical activity, which is why dance has become increasingly important for the treatment of the disease. This study aimed to analyze the influence of binary and quaternary rhythm on fatigue, sleep, and daytime sleepiness in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Methods: 31 individuals participated in this randomized clinical trial with a mean age of 66.6 ± 10.2 years, 71% were male and 29% were female, allocated into two groups, binary and quaternary, where they participated in different dance interventions lasting 12 weeks. A questionnaire was applied including personal and clinical information; Mental State Mini-Examination (MMSE), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Sleep Scale for Parkinson's Disease (PDSS), and Daytime Sleepiness Epworth Scale (ESS). Results: The groups that participated in binary rhythm classes showed improvement in sleep quality and daytime sleepiness after 12 weeks of intervention. However, no significant differences were found in the group that participated in the quaternary rhythm classes. Moreover, it was noted that the binary group managed to raise the heart rate during the 12 weeks of intervention, given that these results were not obtained in the quaternary group. Conclusion: The results showed the effectiveness of binary rhythm on non-motor symptoms and heart rate increase in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Thus, it is concluded that the binary rhythm was more effective than the quaternary rhythm.

The impact of Brazilian samba on balance and quality of life of individuals with Parkinson's disease / O impacto do samba brasileiro no equilíbrio e na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson

This non-randomized clinical trial aimed to analyze the impact of the Brazilian samba training protocol on the balance and quality of life of people with Parkinson's disease. Forty-seven individuals participated, with a mean age of 68 ± 9.3 years-old, 24 from the control group (CG) and 23 from the experimental group (EG). The CG was formed by those who did not participate in the interven-tion, and the EG by individuals who participated in the Brazilian samba dance protocol. This study was divided into pre-intervention (before 12 weeks) and post-intervention (after 12 weeks) with a questionnaire consisting of: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS); Quality of life (PDQ-39); Berg's Balance Scale; Perception of perceived changes. The results point to a significant improvement after the intervention in the UPDRS (p < 0.001) and balance (p = 0.006) of the EG; in the quality of life of the EG after intervention in the mobility (p = 0.009) and total (p = 0.034) domains; and in the post-intervention period in the cog-nitive (p = 0.025) and communication (p = 0.032) domains of the EG and CG. Thus, it is concluded that the Brazilian samba rhythm has been shown to be effective in improving the total UPDRS, balance and quality of life, as well as in mobility, cognition and communication

Esse ensaio clínico não randomizado teve como objetivo analisar o impacto do protocolo de treinamento de samba brasileiro no equilíbrio e na qualidade de vida de pessoas com a doença de Parkinson. Participaram quarenta e sete indivíduos, média de idade de 68 ± 9,3 anos, 24 do grupo controle (GC) e 23 do grupo experimental (GE). O GC foi formado por aqueles que não participaram da intervenção, e o GE por indivíduos que participaram do protocolo de dança do samba brasileiro. Este estudo foi dividido em pré-intervenção (antes das 12 semanas) e pós-intervenção (após as 12 semanas) com um questionário composto por: Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM); Escala Unificada de Avaliação de Doença de Parkinson (UPDRS); Qualidade de vida (PDQ-39); Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg; Percepção das mudanças percebidas. Os resul-tados apontam para uma melhora significativa após a intervenção no UPDRS (p < 0,001) e equilíbrio (p = 0,006) do GE; na qualidade de vida do GE pós intervenção nos dominios mobilidade (p = 0,009) e total (p = 0,034); e no período pós intervenção nos domínios cognitivos (p = 0,025) e comunicação (p = 0,032) do GE e GC. Desta forma conclui-se que o ritmo samba brasileiro tem se mostrado eficaz na melhora do UPDRS total, do equilíbrio e da qualidade de vida, como na mobilidade, cognição e comunicação

The impact of brazilian samba on parkinson's disease: analysis by the disease subtypes / O impacto do samba brasileiro na doença de parkinson: análise através dos subtipos da doença / El impacto del samba brasileño en la enfermedad de parkinson: análisis a través de los subtipos de la enfermedad

ABSTRACT Introduction: People with Parkinson's disease constantly have low levels of physical activity. Dancing has become increasingly important for treating the disease and can help improve non-motor symptoms. Objective: To analyze the influence of Brazilian samba on the non-motor symptoms of PD according to TD and PGID subtypes. Methods: A 12-week, non-randomized clinical trial, through comparison with a control group. The 23 individuals who agreed to participate in the activities formed the experimental group (EG) and the 24 individuals who opted not to participate in the Brazilian samba classes comprised the control group (CG). A questionnaire was applied, composed of validated instruments. Mini Mental State Examination - MMSE; HY - Disability Scale; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale - UPDRS 1 and total values; Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire - PDQ-39, Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale - PDSS; Beck Depression Inventory - BDI; Fatigue Severity Scale - FSS and Magnitude of Perceived Changes. Results: After the twelve weeks of intervention, it was observed that the EG showed improvement in the scores of all the tests. The comparison between groups, however, indicated a significant difference in the post-UPDRS1 period in which the EG presented improvement in cognitive impairment, while the CG presented a deficit in these values. The results of the division between disease subtypes show a greater change in the values between individuals of the TD group, when comparing the EG with the CG. For the EG, the greatest difference between pre- and post- intervention was fatigue. Conclusion: There was a positive trend in all the variables studied after the application of the protocol. This demonstrates that interventions such as dance may have greater effects on non-motor symptoms, depending on the expected progression of the disease. The scarcity of studies that use this approach in their analyses may explain the lack of evidence in this symptomatology related to dance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the results of treatment.

RESUMO Introdução: As pessoas com doença de Parkinson constantemente apresentam baixos níveis de atividade física. A dança tem se tornado cada vez mais importante para o tratamento da doença e pode ajudar a melhorar os sintomas não motores. Objetivo: Analisar a influência do samba brasileiro nos sintomas não motores da DP, segundo os subtipos TD e PGID. Métodos: Ensaio clínico não randomizado com duração de 12 semanas por meio de comparação com grupo controle. Os 23 indivíduos que aceitaram participar das atividades formaram o grupo experimental (GE) e os 24 indivíduos que optaram por não participar das aulas de dança brasileira formaram o grupo controle (GC). Um questionário foi aplicado, composto por instrumentos validados: Mini Exame do Estado Mental - MEEM; HY - Escala de Grau de Incapacidade; Escala Unificada de Avaliação da Doença de Parkinson - UPDRS 1 e valores totais; Questionário sobre a Doença de Parkinson - PDQ-39; Escala de Sono para a Doença de Parkinson - PDSS; Inventário de Depressão de Beck - BDI; Escala de Severidade de Fadiga - FSS e Magnitude das Alterações Percebidas. Resultados: Após doze semanas de intervenção, observou-se que o GE apresentou melhora nos escores de todos os testes. A comparação entre os grupos, no entanto, indicou uma diferença significativa no período pós-UPDRS1 em que o GE apresentou melhora no comprometimento cognitivo, enquanto o GC apresentou déficit nesses valores. Os resultados da divisão entre os subtipos da doença apresentam uma maior mudança nos valores entre os indivíduos do grupo TD ao comparar o GE com o GC. Em relação ao GE, a maior diferença entre a pré e pós-intervenção foi relacionada à fadiga. Conclusão: Houve tendência positiva em todas as variáveis estudadas após a aplicação do protocolo. Isso demonstra que intervenções como a dança podem ter maiores efeitos sobre os sintomas não motores, dependendo da progressão esperada da doença. A escassez de estudos que utilizam essa abordagem em suas análises pode explicar a falta de evidências nessa sintomatologia relacionadas à dança. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos-Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las personas con enfermedad de Parkinson constantemente presentan bajos niveles de actividad física. La danza se ha vuelto cada vez más importante para el tratamiento de la enfermedad y puede ayudar a mejorar los síntomas no motores. Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del samba brasileño en los síntomas no motores de la EP, según los subtipos TD y PGID. Métodos: Ensayo clínico no aleatorizado con duración de 12 semanas, por medio de comparación con grupo control. Los 23 individuos que aceptaron participar en las actividades formaron el grupo experimental (GE) y los 24 individuos que optaron por no participar en las clases de danza brasileña formaron el grupo control (GC). Fue aplicado un cuestionario, compuesto por instrumentos validados: Mini Examen del Estado Mental - MEEM; HY - Escala del Grado de Incapacidad; Escala unificada de evaluación de la Enfermedad de Parkinson - UPDRS 1 y valores totales; Cuestionario sobre la Enfermedad de Parkinson - PDQ-39; Escala de Sueño de la Enfermedad de Parkinson - PDSS; Inventario de Depresión de Beck - BDI; Escala de Severidad de la Fatiga - FSS y Magnitud de las Alteraciones Percibidas. Resultados: Después de doce semanas de intervención, se observó que el GE presentó una mejora en los puntajes de todos los tests. La comparación entre los grupos, sin embargo, indicó una diferencia significativa en el período post-UPDRS1 en que el GE presentó una mejora en el compromiso cognitivo, mientras que el GC presentó déficit en esos valores. Los resultados de la división entre los subtipos de la enfermedad presentan un mayor cambio en los valores entre los individuos del grupo TD al comparar el GE con el GC. Con relación al GE, la mayor diferencia encontrada entre la pre y post intervención fue relacionada a la fatiga. Conclusión: Hubo tendencia positiva en todas las variables estudiadas después de la aplicación del protocolo. Eso demuestra que intervenciones como la danza pueden tener mayores efectos sobre los síntomas no motores, dependiendo de la progresión esperada de la enfermedad. La escasez de estudios que utilizan ese abordaje en sus análisis, puede explicar la falta de evidencias en esa sintomatología cuando relacionadas a la danza. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Feasibility of a Brazilian samba protocol for patients with Parkinson's disease: a clinical non-randomized study / Viabilidade de um protocolo de samba brasileiro em pacientes com doença de Parkinson: ensaio clínico não-randomizado

Abstract Background: New protocols applied in the rehabilitation of Parkinson's disease enable different action strategies for health professionals, as well as a new range of activities for these individuals. However, no valid samba protocol with activity prescription for this population was found in the literature. Objective: To investigate the feasibility of a Brazilian samba protocol in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Twenty participants, mean age of 66.4±10.7 years, diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson 's disease, divided into: experimental group that received the intervention of Brazilian samba dance classes (10 individuals); and control group that maintained their routine activities (10 individuals). For data collection, a divided questionnaire was used: General Information; Disability stages scale; Balance and Quality of Life. Results: During class implementation, there were no falls, as all dance activities adhered to the details of the protocol steps without any changes. On average, patients completed 82.7% of activities. After 12 weeks, the experimental group had improvements in the UPDRS global score, in daily activities, and on motor examination. There was also improvement in balance scores and in the mobility domain of the quality of life in the experimental group. Conclusion: The samba protocol seems to be feasible and safe for patients with PD. Moreover, it has pleasant characteristics and offers sufficient physical benefits for combination with drug treatment. There were also benefits in social relationships and as a possible rehabilitation tool in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Resumo Fundamentos: Novos protocolos aplicados na reabilitação da doença de Parkinson possibilitam diferentes estratégias de atuação para profissionais de saúde, além de um novo leque de atividades para estes indivíduos. Entretanto, não se encontrou na literatura qualquer protocolo de samba com prescrição de atividades validado para esta população. Objetivo: O objetivo foi verificar a viabilidade de um protocolo de samba brasileiro em indivíduos com doença de Parkinson. Métodos: Vinte participantes, com idade média de 66,4±10,7 anos, com diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson idiopática divididos em: grupo experimental que recebeu a intervenção das aulas de dança - samba brasileiro (10 indivíduos); e grupo controle que manteve as suas atividades rotineiras (10 indivíduos). Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um questionário dividido: Informações Gerais; Escala de estágios de Incapacidade; Equilíbrio e Qualidade de Vida. Resultados: Durante a realização das aulas, não houve quedas, todas as atividades de dança aderiram aos detalhes das etapas do protocolo, sem quaisquer alterações, e os pacientes completaram, em média, 82,7% das atividades. Após 12 semanas, o grupo experimental apresentou melhoras no escore global da escala UPDRS, em atividades de vida diária e no exame motor. Houve também melhora nos escores de equilíbrio e no domínio de mobilidade da qualidade de vida do grupo experimental. Conclusão: A utilização de um protocolo de samba para indivíduos com doença de Parkinson mostrou-se viável, por sua característica segura e prazerosa, e por apresentar benefícios físicos suficientes para combinação com o tratamento medicamentoso. Houve também benefícios nas relações sociais e como uma possível ferramenta de reabilitação em indivíduos com a doença de Parkinson.

Dual-task demands in various motor skills through Parkinson's disease progression

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding a cognitive task on the performance of three different motor tasks with different demands, discrete skills, serial skills and continuous skills, by individuals with mild, moderate, and severe idiopathic Parkinson' disease (PD). We also investigate the effect of the cognitive task in the secondary task and the cost of the dual-task. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Individuals with idiopathic PD were divided in three groups with respect to motor severity (mild, moderate and severe groups). Participants' performances were assessed in single and DT conditions including Sit-to-Stand test (SST), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and 10-meter Walk test (T10W). Cognitive task used was verbal fluency Results: The results show that dual task impact the performance of all primary tasks. DT negatively affects the performance of the motor tasks. And there is a different impact according the severity of the disease, severe ones are more affected than mild and moderate. Conclusion: In conclusion, adding a concurrent cognitive task negatively affected the performance of discrete, serial and continuous motor tasks, and this effect is more noticeable in severe than in mild patients. Under dual-task conditions, patients improved their cognitive task performance for gait and TUG, suggesting a prioritization of the secondary task for these tasks. There was no difference between the costs of the three tasks.Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding a cognitive task on the performance of three different motor tasks with different demands, discrete skills, serial skills and continuous skills, by individuals with mild, moderate, and severe idiopathic Parkinson' disease (PD). We also investigate the effect of the cognitive task in the secondary task and the cost of the dual-task. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Individuals with idiopathic PD were divided in three groups with respect to motor severity (mild, moderate and severe groups). Participants' performances were assessed in single and DT conditions including Sit-to-Stand test (SST), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and 10-meter Walk test (T10W). Cognitive task used was verbal fluency Results: The results show that dual task impact the performance of all primary tasks. DT negatively affects the performance of the motor tasks. And there is a different impact according the severity of the disease, severe ones are more affected than mild and moderate. Conclusion: In conclusion, adding a concurrent cognitive task negatively affected the performance of discrete, serial and continuous motor tasks, and this effect is more noticeable in severe than in mild patients. Under dual-task conditions, patients improved their cognitive task performance for gait and TUG, suggesting a prioritization of the secondary task for these tasks. There was no difference between the costs of the three tasks.(AU)

Tradução e adaptação transcultural da versão brasileira da Spinal Cord Independence Measure - Self-Reported Version (brSCIM-SR) / Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure - Self-Reported Version (brSCIM-SR)

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a validação transcultural de um instrumento de autorrelato utilizado para avaliar o nível de independência funcional nas atividades de vida diária em pessoas com lesão da medula espinal (LME), a Spinal Cord Independence Measure? Self-Reported Version (SCIM-SR) para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Duas traduções independentes da versão original do instrumento em inglês e síntese de uma versão em português foram realizadas, seguidas pela consulta de um painel de profissionais de reabilitação e confecção da versão pré-final, pré-teste (n = 13), retrotradução para a língua original e aprovação da autora original do instrumento. RESULTADOS: A comparação do instrumento original com a retrotradução e aprovação garantiu que a equivalência semântica e a manutenção do conteúdo do instrumento tenham sido adequadamente mantidas. CONCLUSÃO: A brSCIM-SR foi adequadamente validada transculturalmente ao português e pode ser utilizada como um instrumento de autorrelato para avaliar o nível de indepen-dência das pessoas com LME no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to do the cross-cultural validation of a self-reported instrument used to evaluate the functional independence in the activities of daily living in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), the Spinal Cord Independence Measure? Self-Reported Version (SCIM-SR) into Portuguese of Brazil. METHODS: Two independent translations of the original version in English and the synthesis of a Portuguese version has been made, followed by a panel consensus of rehabilitation professionals and confection of a prefinal version, pretest (n = 13), back-translation to the English and original instrument author approval. RESULTS: The comparison of the original with the back-translation version and its approval ensured that the semantic equivalence and the content of the instrument were maintained. CONCLUSION: The brSCIM-SR was cross-culturally validated to the Portuguese and can be used as a self-report instrument to assess the level of independence in people with SCI in Brazil.