Synthesis, spectral analysis and antibacterial evaluation of N'- substituted-2-[5-[3-chlorophenyl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2- ylthio]acetohydrazide derivatives

The biological potential of N'-substituted-2-[5-[3-chlorophenyl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide [8ap] has been evaluated against bacterial strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The multistep synthesis involved the conversion of 3-chlorobenzoic acid [1] to ethyl 3-chlorobenzoate [2], 3-chlorobenzohydrazide [3], 5-[3- chlorophenyl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiol [4], ethyl 2-[5-[3-chlorophenyl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ylthio] acetate [5] and 2-[5-[3- chlorophenyl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide [6]. The last step involved the reaction of 6 and aryl aldehydes, 7a-p, in methanol to synthesize the Schiff bases, 8a-p, with better yields. The structures of all the molecules were corroborated by spectral analysis. The Schiff bases were further evaluated for the antibacterial activity and found to be moderately good inhibitors of bacterial strains of Gram-bacteria

Synthesis, spectral analysis and biological evaluation of Nalkyl/ aralkyl/aryl-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide derivatives

New potent organic compounds were synthesized with an aim of good biological activities such as antibacterial and anti-enzymatic. Three series of sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized by treating N-alkyl/aryl substituted amines [2a-f] with 4-chlorobenzensulfonyl chloride [1] to yield N-alkyl/aryl-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide[3af] that was then derivatized by gearing up with ethyl iodide [4], benzyl chloride [5] and 4-chlorobenzyl chloride [6] using sodium hydride as base to initialize the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent [DMF] to synthesize the derivatives, 7a-f, 8afand 9a-f respectively. Structure elucidation was brought about by IR, 1H-NMR and EIMS spectra for all the synthesized molecules which were evaluated for their antibacterial activities and inhibitory potentials for certain enzymes

Optimal and efficient management of mandibular fractures

The aim of the study was to find out whether eliminating intraoperative intermaxillary fixation from the management of mandibular fractures has any bearing on treatment outcomes. A retrospective study was carried out on 53 mandibular fractures treated at Margalla Institute of Health Sciences and its affiliated hospitals from June 2010 to December 2014. Successful bone healing, occlusion and complications were assessed in mandibular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation and without the use of intraoperative intermaxillary fixation. Minor wound dehiscence was seen in 7 patients. 3 patients required hardware removal due to subsequent hardware failure; however no case of nonunion was seen. Clinically significant malocclusion [Moderate: Grade 2] was seen in only one patient after 3 months. There were negligible and comparable number of postoperative complications. It was concluded 'hand holding' of the mandibular fractures as an alternative to the more traditional IMF/MMF through various means, a reliable and predictable way of fixation of mandibular fractures

Buccal fat pad flap in management of oroantral fistula

Many options are exercised to affect surgical management of oroantral fistulae. Postoperative wound dehiscence is not uncommon, and the surgical management of such fistulae often becomes increasingly difficult because of a lingering maxillary sinus infection. This was a retrospective study done on 23 patients in which a double layered technique, consisting of buccal fat pad in conjunction with buccal advancement flap was used for surgical closure of oroantral fistulae. Only 3 of the patients had had a failure of the closure. We recommend this technique because of its many advantages and low risk of complications

Third molars and angle fractures

Fractures of the mandibular angle are common and mandibular third molars are frequently implicated in their pathogenesis. The study was done to investigate this cause and effect relationship. The objectives were to measure the relationship between presence and status of mandibular third molar [M3] and mandibular angle fracture. Study design was descriptive. It was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Punjab Dental Hospital, attached with de, Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore. 87 patients with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of mandibular fracture formed the study group. The predictor variable was the presence or absence of mandibular third molar. The outcome variable was the presence or absence of angle fracture. Hemi mandibles containing a third molar were seen to have a 2.3 times increased risk of having an angle fracture [p = 0.49] than a hemi mandible without a third molar. A significant association between third molar depth and risk of angle fractures was seen [p = 0.001]. The presence and depth of mandibular third molar is associated with an increased risk for mandibular angle fracture

Viability of costochondral graft in temporomandibular joint ankylosis

Temporomandibular joint [TMJ] ankylosis is a very distressing structural condition that causes severe facial disfigurement leading to pathopsychological stress. Impairment of speech, difficulty with mastication, rampant caries, poor oral hygiene, disturbances of facial growth and severely compromised airway are the leading consequences of TMJ ankylosis. Surgical intervention is the widely accepted treatment modality of TMJ ankylosis. Current study was performed on 30 patients for three years [2009-2012] department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children Hospital and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore and costochondral graft was used to treat mandibular ankylosis. 21 [70%] patients were males and were divided into age groups of 2-5, 6-12 and 13-18 years. Regarding the side of mandible involved in male patients, unilateral ankylosis was found in 15[50%] and bilateral ankylosis were found in 6[20%] patients. Similarly in female patients, unilateral ankylosis was found in 7[23%] and bilateral ankylosis was seen in 2[7%] patients. Regarding post-operative monitoring of graft, bone scintigraphy was performed one week after the surgery and then after 12 weeks and 16 weeks to assess the viability and uptake of costochondral graft. Tc.99m MDP bone scan was performed in supine position with intravenous administration of 370MBq one week after the placement of graft. Results showed that out of 30 patients, CCG graft was viable in 28[93%] while it was non-viable in 2[7%] patients

Etiology of mandibular condylar fractures; a study from tertiary care hospital of Lahore

It is a cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Patients of condylar fracture reporting to oral and maxillofacial trauma center were evaluated radiographically [OPG, PA view and Lateral Oblique View] as well as clinically to record the etiology of mandibular condylar fractures. A total of 70 patients of 3 to 45 years of age were included in this study. The frequency of condylar fractures was higher in male of all age groups except for 11-20 years where females comprised of 55.5% of the cases. Among males, the highest frequency of fractures occurred in the third decade of life. Regarding the etiology of mandible condylar fractures, falls [45.71%] and RTA [40%] were found to be the most predominant causative factors, followed by industrial and occupational accidents [6%], Sports injuries [6%] and assault injuries [3%]. Falls were the etiologic factor in most of the cases which explains the association of falls with the mechanism of condylar injury. Road traffic accidents were the second common cause. Type 2 fractures which are low neck fractures with displacement were seen to be the most frequent

Dental caries and pericoronitis associated with impacted mandibular third molars-a clinical and radiographic study

The most common impacted tooth is mandibular third molar and knowledge and assessment of its angulation pattern, position and depth in mandibular bone helps in better treatment planning and management of patients. The objective of this study was to enlist the frequency of dental caries and pericoronitis associated with different patterns of impacted mandibular third molars in different age groups and genders. A total of 250 patients with 393 impacted mandibular third molars seen in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore from October 2012 to March 2013 were included in the study. The age range of these patients was of 20 to 65 years. Patients were assessed by history, clinical and radiographic examination. Patterns of mandibular third molar impactions were assessed by using classification systems developed by Winter and Pell and Gregory on periapical radiographs. Pericoronitis was assessed by patient's history and clinical evaluation of mucosa surrounding the impacted mandibular third molars. Dental caries was assessed by clinical and radiographic evaluation. The most frequent pattern of impaction was mesioangular [37.6%], with Class II ramus relationship [53.2%] and Position A depth [62.8%]. Dental caries was seen in 38.53% of patients mostly associated with mesioangular, Position A, Class I molars. Pericoronitis was seen in 29.36% of patients mostly associated with distoangular, Position A or B, Class II molars. It was concluded that the patients having third molars with the unfavourable angulations, patterns and positions could be considered as the candidates for prophylactic removal of impacted mandibular third molars to prevent dental caries or pericoronitis. Moreover, early diagnosis of percoronitis and dental caries and proper management of third molar is necessary to prevent further consequences