Evaluation of medical nutrition therapy using the food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential (FBDI) in diabetes mellitus patients

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Inflammation is often associated with chronic diseases, and numerous studies suggest that certain foods can modulate inflammatory status. This study aimed to assess the impact of intensive nutrition education on glycemic control and inflammation in patients with diabetes mellitus using the Korean food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential (FBDI). @*SUBJECTS/METHODS@#A total of 120 patients (male: 70, 58.3%) were randomly divided into two groups of 60 each, to be given intensive nutritional education (IE) and basic nutritional education (BE), respectively. As part of the nutrition education intervention, basic diabetesrelated nutrition education was provided to both groups initially. In addition, the IE was provided two face-to-face nutrition education sessions based on FBDI over six months, and text transmissions were made at least eight times. We surveyed the anthropometric measurements, biochemical indicators, inflammatory markers, and dietary intake before and after the interventions. We analyzed the effects of the intensive nutrition education using the t-test, χ 2 test and paired t-test. @*RESULTS@#Of the subjects, 76.7% (46/60) of the IE and 86.7% (52/60) of the BE completed the study. The results of the paired t-test to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education using FBDI showed that high density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased significantly from 42.6 mg/dL before intervention to 49.2 mg/dL after intervention (P = 0.009), tumor necrosis factor-α significantly decreased from 1.25 pg/mL before intervention to 1.11 pg/mL after intervention (P =.012) in the IE. Also, glycated hemoglobin decreased from 8.0% to 7.5% in the IE but increased from 7.4% to 7.7% in the BE, and the differences between the groups were significant (P= 0.008). @*CONCLUSION@#These findings suggest that providing intensive FBDI-based education on antiinflammatory foods positively affected glycemic control and inflammatory status in diabetes patients. Therefore, practical dietary plans using FBDI should be considered for diabetes patients to prevent increased inflammation.

Persistent Hypokalemic Paralysis in a Patient with Graves’ Disease and Gitelman Syndrome

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a potentially life-threatening condition. Graves’ disease accounts for the majority of cases of TPP. However, another diagnosis should be considered when repeated hypokalemic paralysis occurs in patients that maintain a euthyroid status. In this study, we report a case of persistent hypokalemic paralysis in a patient with Graves’ disease and Gitelman syndrome and provide a brief review of Gitelman syndrome focused on challenges with diagnosis and management when it is accompanied by TPP.

Development of a food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential for Koreans and its relationship with metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammation is known to be a risk factor for metabolic diseases. This study aimed to develop a Food-based Index of Dietary Inflammatory Potential (FBDI) and examine its association with metabolic biomarkers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study analyzed the raw data from the 2012-2014 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data of 17,771 people. To analyze the relationship between foods consumed by Koreans and inflammation, we conducted a correlation analysis between 51 food groups and hs-CRP levels. The FBDI was developed from 17 food groups selected by multiple regression method. We examined whether FBDI was associated with metabolic markers (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol) in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We used binary logistic regression analysis to examine the association. RESULTS: The FBDI model included seven of the anti-inflammatory food groups and three of the pro-inflammatory food groups. The FBDI formula was calculated by multiplying the intake of food group by β-coefficients derived from the multiple regression model based on the correlation analysis. The FBDI was significantly associated with waist circumference (P < 0.001), blood pressure (P < 0.001), triglyceride level (P < 0.001), and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) level among adults aged 20–64 years in the KNHANES. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.618 times higher in the group with the highest FBDI than in the group with the lowest one (95% confidence interval: 1.778–3.856, P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study established an FBDI reflecting food intake patterns of Koreans, which showed a significant relationship with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

The Protective Effects of Increasing Serum Uric Acid Level on Development of Metabolic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: It has not been determined whether changes in serum uric acid (SUA) level are associated with incident metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between changes in SUA level and development of MetS in a large number of subjects. METHODS: In total, 13,057 subjects participating in a medical health check-up program without a diagnosis of MetS at baseline were enrolled. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the independent association of percent changes in SUA level with development of MetS. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, fat-free mass (%), estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking status, fasting glucose, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and baseline SUA levels, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for incident MetS in the second, third, and fourth quartiles compared to the first quartile of percent change in SUA level were 1.055 (0.936 to 1.190), 0.927 (0.818 to 1.050), and 0.807 (0.707 to 0.922) in male (P for trend <0.001) and 1.000 (0.843 to 1.186), 0.744 (0.615 to 0.900), and 0.684 (0.557 to 0.840) in female (P for trend <0.001), respectively. As a continuous variable in the fully-adjusted model, each one-standard deviation increase in percent change in SUA level was associated with an HR (95% CI) for incident MetS of 0.944 (0.906 to 0.982) in male (P=0.005) and 0.851 (0.801 to 0.905) in female (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrated that increasing SUA level independently protected against the development of MetS, suggesting a possible role of SUA as an antioxidant in the pathogenesis of incident MetS.

Association between Bone Mineral Density and Albuminuria: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-2

BACKGROUND: Albuminuria is known to be independently associated with progression of renal and cardiovascular disease. However, little is known regarding the exact relationship between albuminuria and bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this population-based study conducted in Korea was to identify the association between albuminuria and BMD. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2) 2011. BMD was measured for total hip (TH), femur neck (FN), and lumbar spine (LS). Analysis of covariance was used to compare BMD levels between the groups at the TH, FN, and LS sites, after adjusting for age. Separate analyses were performed according to sex; women were divided into two groups according to menopausal status and each group was subdivided into three according to urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (level 1, <30 mg/g; level 2, 30 to 299 mg/g; level 3, ≥300 mg/g). RESULTS: Data on a total of 1,831 adults (857 men and 974 women) were analyzed. In postmenopausal women, after adjusting for age, BMD of TH tended to decrease as levels of albuminuria increased (0.767±0.117, 0.757±0.129, 0.752±0.118, respectively; P=0.040). However, there was no significant difference in BMD according to albuminuria level in premenopausal women and men. CONCLUSION: Level of albuminuria was closely related with BMD of TH in postmenopausal women, after adjusting for age, but there was no significant relationship between albuminuria and BMD in premenopausal women and men.

Pneumomediastinum after Forceful Vomiting in a Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis / 전남의대학술지

No abstract available.

Utilization of Osteoporosis-Related Health Services: Use of Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Database 2008–2012

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis and its related fractures are increasingly being recognized as major health problems because of the rapidly increasing elderly population. In this study, we investigated the annual trend of osteoporosis-related health services utilization. METHODS: Participants aged over 50 years were identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2008 and 2012. Health service utilization rate and treatment rate were calculated through the operational definition. RESULTS: In this period, the number of osteoporosis patients, aged over 50 years, using the medical service, increased by 33.2%. This increase was higher in males than in females. Moreover, the number of newly diagnosed osteoporosis patients increased by 4.3% in women and 20.4% in men. To estimate the proportion of osteoporosis patients who utilize medical services, we analyzed prevalence data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2010. Less than 60% of patients with osteoporosis were estimated to have utilized medical services because of osteoporosis. Drug treatment rates were 34.1%, 31.1%, and 33.5% in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated an increasing trend in the utilization of the osteoporosis-related health services from 2008 to 2012 in Korea. The proportion of newly diagnosed osteoporosis patients and the prevalence of access to medical services increased more in men than in women. Therefore, an increasing need for prevention and treatment of male osteoporosis was observed. The osteoporosis treatment rate was lower than that for other chronic diseases; more efforts are needed to improve awareness regarding osteoporosis treatment.

Serum Calcium and the Risk of Incident Metabolic Syndrome: A 4.3-Year Retrospective Longitudinal Study

BACKGROUND: An association between serum calcium level and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been suggested in cross-sectional studies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline serum calcium level and risk of incident MetS in a longitudinal study. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of 12,706 participants without MetS who participated in a health screening program, had normal range serum calcium level at baseline (mean age, 51 years), and were followed up for 4.3 years (18,925 person-years). The risk of developing MetS was analyzed according to the baseline serum calcium levels. RESULTS: A total of 3,448 incident cases (27.1%) of MetS developed during the follow-up period. The hazard ratio (HR) for incident MetS did not increase with increasing tertile of serum calcium level in an age- and sex-matched model (P for trend=0.915). The HRs (95% confidence interval [CI]) for incident MetS comparing the second and the third tertiles to the first tertile of baseline serum calcium level were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.92) in a fully adjusted model, respectively (P for trend=0.001). A decreased risk of incident MetS in higher tertiles of serum calcium level was observed in subjects with central obesity and/or a metabolically unhealthy state at baseline. CONCLUSION: There was no positive correlation between baseline serum calcium levels and incident risk of MetS in this longitudinal study. There was an association between higher serum calcium levels and decreased incident MetS in individuals with central obesity or two components of MetS at baseline.

Diabetes and Sarcopenia / 임상당뇨병

Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging. Although the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of sarcopenia are obscure, sarcopenia has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of frailty and functional impairment in diabetes. The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, and clinical implications of sarcopenia and the relationship between diabetes and sarcopenia.

Atypical Thyroiditis Following Influenza B Infection

Viral infections are known to be a predisposing factor for subacute (De Quervain's) thyroiditis. In this report, we document a novel case of thyroiditis, with an atypical presentation, following an influenza B infection. A 13-year-old previously healthy female visited the outpatient clinic complaining of right neck pain. She had been diagnosed with an influenza B infection at a local clinic 3 weeks earlier. All laboratory tests were normal. A thyroid ultrasound showed an ill-defined hypoechoic mass (1.0×0.5×1.5 cm) in the right lower thyroid, and scintigraphy of the thyroid with Technetium-99m (99m-Tc) demonstrated the normal uptake of the radiotracer. Fine-needle aspiration from the nodule showed the presence of a few neutrophils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of atypical thyroiditis associated with an influenza B infection described in the literature. Influenza B infection should be considered as a possible cause of atypical thyroiditis.

Dizziness and Syncope Related with Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy

Dizziness is a common symptom in patients with diabetes mellitus; it can lead to or may be confused with presyncope or syncope. The causes of these three symptoms include various drugs, metabolic decompensation, cerebrovascular diseases, vestibular diseases, and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Although cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, CAN might exist in a subclinical state before patients develop resting tachycardia, exercise intolerance, postural hypotension, cardiac dysfunction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, it is important to detect CAN in the early phase. This article aimed to review the pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic CAN related to dizziness, presyncope, and syncope.

A Case of Diffuse Normolipemic Plane Xanthoma Associated with Multiple Myeloma / 대한내과학회지

Diffuse plane xanthoma is a group of plane xanthomas that appear as yellow to yellowish-brown flat patches or slightly elevated plaques with a widespread distribution. It is often associated with, or preceded by several years of, hematologic problems. Here, we describe a 63-year-old woman diagnosed with diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma who developed multiple myeloma 20 years later. This case suggests that patients with diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma should be followed for their entire life to detect health problems.

A Case of Diffuse Normolipemic Plane Xanthoma Associated with Multiple Myeloma / 대한내과학회지

Diffuse plane xanthoma is a group of plane xanthomas that appear as yellow to yellowish-brown flat patches or slightly elevated plaques with a widespread distribution. It is often associated with, or preceded by several years of, hematologic problems. Here, we describe a 63-year-old woman diagnosed with diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma who developed multiple myeloma 20 years later. This case suggests that patients with diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma should be followed for their entire life to detect health problems.