Antihyperglycaemic activity of the flavonoid-rich fraction of the extract of Tamarindus indica L. on experimentally induced hyperglycaemic wistar rats.

Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease and its prevalence is reaching epidemic proportion worldwide. Tamarindus indica is a slow growing tree that is resistant to strong winds and perennial. The stem-bark extract of the plant is used locally for the management of diabetes. The objective of this work was to investigate the potentials of the flavonoid-rich portion of Tamarindus indica at lowering elevated blood glucose level. The flavonoids-rich portion of the stem-bark extract of Tamarindus indica L. was investigated for its hypoglycemic action on experimentally induced hyperglycaemic Wistar rats. The oral LD50 of the extract was found to be 1,265 mg/kg. The flavonoid-rich fraction lowered the Blood Glucose Level (BGL) in the three doses used (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) there was a significant reduction with the 400 mg/kg dose at the 8th, 16th and 24th hour and the 200 mg/kg dose at 16 and 24 hours, and the 100 mg/kg dose at 24 hours. The flavonoid-rich portion of Tamarindus indica Linn significantly lowered elevated BGL in the experimental animal models.

Effects of Ethyl acetate and n-Butanol Fractions of Acacia nilotica methanol Leaves Extract on Lipid profile and Liver Enzyme of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Acacia nilotica methanol leaves extract on lipid profile and liver enzyme on alloxan induced diabetic rats. 30 Wistar rats of both sexes were used for the study. The rats were divided into six groups with five rats in each group. The diabetic rats were treated with n- butanol and ethyl acetate for a period of 12 days. After which the animals were sacrificed and blood serum sample were taken from all the groups for the assessment of lipid profiles and liver enzymes. As regards to the lipid profile there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the triglyceride and cholesterol level in ethyl acetate treated group with 50 and 100 mg/kg , while, there was also a significant increase in the levels of high density lipoprotein when compared with the control untreated group. Also there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in ALT, AST and ALP levels in ethyl acetate fraction treated group with 50 and 100 mg/kg when compared with the control untreated group. In relation to the n-butanol fraction at the two doses tested 100 and 200 mg/kg there was no significant change in the levels of triglyceride when compared with the control untreated. However there was decrease in the levels of cholesterol (p<0.05) and a significant increase in the levels of high density lipoprotein when compared with the control untreated. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST while there was no significant change in the level of ALP treated with the n-butanol fraction when compared with the control untreated group. The phytochemical screening revealed the presences of saponin, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the ethyl acetate in mice was calculated to be 471.2 mg/kg b.w and n-butanol is 774.5 mg/kg b.w. This results suggest that the Ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of methanol leaves extract of Acacia nilotica has anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect on alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Anti-diabetic effects of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Acacia nilotica leaves methanolic extract on alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats.

Evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Acacia nilotica on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats has been investigated. Two doses of the ethylacetate fraction 50 and 100 mg/kg was administered. As regard to 50mg/kg caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the blood glucose levels when compared with control at 3,5,7,9 and 12 days of treatment with percentage glycaemia change of 49.1,54.8,60.5, 58.8 and 69.7 respectively. However, the dose of 100mg/kg ,there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) at 3 5 7, 9 and 12 days treatment when compared to control untreated with percentage glycaemia change of 50.1,56.8, 52.8, 69.9 and 59.6 . Also two doses of n-butanol, 100 and 200 mg/kg fraction was administered to the diabetic rats. The dose of 100 mg/kg, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) after 7 and 12 days of treatment when compared to untreated control. As regard the dose of 200 mg/kg, there was a significant decrease ( p<0.05) at 3, 5 ,7,9 and 12 days of treatment when compared to control untreated with percentage glycaemic change of 20.7,35.3,52.3, 44.2 and 40.9 respectively. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presences of saponin, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid. The median lethal dose (LD50) in mice was calculated to be 471.2 mg/kg bodyweight. This result suggests that the Ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of leaves methanolic extract of Acacia nilotica possess antidiabetic effects on alloxan - induced diabetic Wistar rats.

Modulatory role of Magnesium and Copper Sulphates on Serum Lipid profile and Serum Liver Enzymes in Fructose-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of magnesium and copper sulphates on serum lipid profile and serum liver enzymes in fructose-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of 20% (20g/100ml) of fructose dissolved in distilled water and administered to the animals for a period of six (6) weeks. After which the animals were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I served as diabetic negative control were administered 1ml distilled water. Group II were administered Magnesium sulphate (250 mg/kg b w). Group III were administered Copper sulphate (250 mg/kg b w) and Group IV administered Metformin (250 mg/kg b w) served as positive control. All treatments were given orally for a period of seven days. The results obtained showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in groups administered with 250mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate when compared to diabetic control group. However, high density lipoprotein serum level was significantly increased (p<0.05) in groups administered with 250mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate when compared to diabetic control group. The results also showed that magnesium and copper sulphates at dose of 250mg/kg b w produced a significantly decreased (p<0.05) serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) in the treated groups when compared to diabetic untreated control group.

Ameliorative Effects of Magnesium and Copper Sulphates on Blood glucose and Serum Electrolytes Levels in Fructose-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of magnesium and copper sulphates on blood glucose and serum electrolytes levels in fructose-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of 20% (20g/100ml) of fructose dissolved in distilled water and administered to the animals for a period of six (6). After which the animals were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I served as diabetic control and were administered distilled water, Group II were administered Magnesium sulphate (250 mg/kg b w), Group III were administered Copper sulphate (250 mg/kg b w) and Group IV administered Metformin (250 mg/kg b w). All treatments were given orally for a period of seven days. The results obtained showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the blood glucose levels in groups administered with 250 mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate after day 3 and 7 when compared to diabetic control group. The results also showed that magnesium and copper sulphates at doses tested i.e 250 mg/kg b w, produced a significantly decreased (p<0.05). With regard to serum levels of sodium, potassium and bicarbonate ions when compared to diabetic untreated control group. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of serum chloride in the groups treated with 250mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate when compared to diabetic control group.

Ameliorative Effects of Vitamin C and E on Serum Lipid Profiles and Liver Enzymes on Fructose induced hyperglycaemia in Wistar Rats.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin C and E administration on serum lipid profiles and liver enzymes on fructose-induced diabetes on Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of 20% (20g/100ml) of fructose dissolved in distilled water for a period of six (6) weeks to the animals. After which the animals were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 (control) administered distilled water, Group 2 administered vitamin C (100mg/kg b w), Group 3 administered vitamin E (100mg/kg b w) and Group 4 administered Metformin (250 mg/kg b w). The results obtained showed a statistical significant reduction (p<0.05) in the level of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in all groups administered vitamin C (100 mg/kg b w) and E (100 mg/kg b w) when compared to diabetic control group. However, the serum level of high density lipoprotein was significant increase in the group treated with vitamin E (100 mg/kg b w) when compared to diabetic control group. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) levels of all serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) in the groups treated with Vitamin C and Metformin. However, serum AST there was no significant change in the group treated with vitamin E (100 mg/kg b w).