Comparison of atherogenic index and lipid profiles in candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus normal people

Information on incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease [CVD] is rare in the Middle East. This study aims to compare Iranian candidates for coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] surgery and healthy controls in terms of lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma [AIP], and atherosclerosis index [ASTI]. The individuals recruited in this study were 135 CVD patients before CABG surgery and 135 healthy subjects matching in age with the cases. Lipid profiles of the two groups were analyzed with a commercial kit. The AIP and ASTI indexes were calculated with related formula. The TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-c parameters were dramatically changed [p<0.01] between study groups. AIP and ASTI indexes were significantly higher in patients than in healthy people [p=0.001]. In individuals with CVD, it is suggested to measure these indexes in order for effective diagnosis before CABG surgery

Effect of Atorvastatin on blood and gasometrical parameters in patients with COPD: a double-blind controlled clinical trial

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] is a syndrome with progressive and irreversible airflow limitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Atorvastatins on blood parameters including blood gasses in patients with COPD. This randomized double-blind, controlled clinical trial study was conducted on the case and control groups of patients with COPD in Vali-e-asr hospital in Birjand in 2015

In the laboratory, 15 cc of venous blood was taken from each subject. Initial tests included white blood count [WBCs], hemoglobin[Hb], PH, and Pco 2. O2 saturation was observed at rest by means of Pulse Oximeter for the duration of one minute and the highest value was recorded. Out of the 34 patients, 18 cases [52.9%] were treated by atorvastatin and 16[47.1%]. . received conventional treatment Mean age of the atorvastatin and control group was 65.8 +/- 11.5 and 63.7 +/- 7/6 years, respectivly. The case group showed a significant decrease in mean count of WBC and hemoglobin, but increase in O2 saturation after intervention. In conclusion, it can be concluded that taking atorvastatin has a significant impact on the reduction of hemoglobin and increase of oxygen saturation in COPD patients, which requires further studies

Management of blood pressure in Parkinson's disease: Need for special attention of a neurologist

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease. Changes in blood pressure in these patients varied from orthostatic hypotension to Hypertension in specific situations. On the other hand, some drugs used in Parkinson's disease have paradoxical effects on blood pressure. Therefore, neurologists should be pay special attention to control blood pressure in such patients

[Epidemiologic study of patients with DVT in Birjand Vali-easr hospital- [2009-2014]]

Background and Aim: Deep vein thrombosis [DVT] is a condition that, in case of delay in diagnosis and treatment, can lead to serious complications like pulmonary embolism. Given the importance of assessment and identification of diseases in every community, the current study aimed at assessing the epidemiology of DVT patients in Birjand

Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all DVT patients admitted to Birjand Vali-e-asr hospital between 2009 and 2014. A trained medical student completed each researcher-designed questionnaire. based on an intern's history recording, a physician's orders ,and a nurse's note. Then, the patients were called up demanding the status of the patient and disease complications, readmission, or death. Finally, the obtained data was encoded and analyzed by SPSS [V: 18] at the significant level P<0.05

Results: During the study period, 263 patients with DVT had been hospitalized in Birjand Vali-e-asr hospital .Out of the patients, 50.2% were males. Mean age of the subjects was 55.84 +/- 18.45 years. In 98.1% of the cases the lower extremity was involved. The most prevalent risk factor was immobilization and the least risk factor was family history of DVT. Regarding the relationship between DVT risk factors and sex only smoking cigarettes was both significant and more prevalent. During 5 years, 3.8% of the population had died due to DVT complications. Recurrent DVT in 6% and pulmonary emboli in 3.4% of the patients were diagnosed

Conclusion: Given that the most common risk factor for DVT in our study was immobilization, prophylaxis is necessary in patients at high risk tin order to decrease occurrence possibility of DVT

Senile calcification of the trachea, aortic arch, and mitral annulus: an incidental finding on chest x-ray

94-year-old woman presented with dizziness and hypotension of 2 days' duration. She denied any syncope, presyncope, or angina. She had received a permanent pacemaker 12 years previously for the management of complete heart block [CHB], but she failed to program it. Twelve-lead electrocardiography revealed CHB with ventricular escape rhythm [40/min], so we inserted a temporary pacemaker. Anteroposterior chest X-ray showed trachea, aortic arch, and severe mitral valve calcification. Tracheal calcification is usually seen after 40 years old without clinical importance. However, it is seen in patients with renal failure, metastases, and prolonged use of warfarin as well as in pregnancy

relationship between serum lipids and obesity among elementary school in Birjand: a case control study

Childhood obesity could induce some risk factors for cardiovascular disease [CVD] including serum lipid abnormalities, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to comparison the lipid profile in normal children with cases having overweight, obesity and central obesity. In this case control study, which was conducted 2013, serum lipids for three groups of children including cases with overweight [Body mass index [BMI]: 85-95th percentiles to age and sex and waist circumference [WC] <90th percentile to age and sex = Case group1], central obesity without general obesity [BMI <85th percentiles and WC >/= percentile 90 = Case group 2] and central obesity with general obesity [BMI >/=95th percentile and WC >/= percentile 90 = Case group 3] were compared with control group [BMI < 85th percentiles WC <90th percentile]. Data were analyzed using software SPSS-16 by chi-square and ANOVA tests at significance level alpha =0.05. Each group consisted of 100 individuals. The highest mean of serum lipids and the highest extent of dyslipidemia existed in the children having central obesity along with general obesity. So that 49%, 28%, and 38% students of this group show hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]. Odd ratio of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and low HDL-c, in children with at least one abnormal index [BMI and /or WC] compared with control group were 3.73 [95% CI: 1.98, 6.99], 1.37 [95% CI: 0.71, 2.65] and 2.98 [95% CI: 1.51, 5.87], respectively. With regard to the relationship between central obesity and adverse changes in lipid profiles, the screening children for central obesity to prevention of cardiovascular disease are recommended

prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in low socioeconomic people in Birjand 2008 [East of IRAN]

Introduction: Studying the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in low socioeconomic groups is of great importance. People who are under the supervisioin and care of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation [IKRF] are the most deprived in Iran. The present survey aimed at investigating the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among the citizens who are under the supervision of IKRF

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 1008 individuals protected by the IKRF in Birjand in 2008 through multi-stage, random sampling. Demographic data were recorded. Furthermore, blood pressure, waist circumference, weight and height were measured by two trained nurses. Fasting Blood Sugar [FBS] and serum lipids were measured within 12 hours of overnight fasting. Chi-square and T-test were used for data analysis at the significant level of 0.05 using SPSS software [version 15]

Results: The mean age of the patients was 39 +/- 16.8 years and the most common proved risk factor was dyslipidemia [72%]. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was 43/2% and 12.7% respectively. Obesity was detected in 32.1%. The prevalence of hypertension [HTN] and diabetes mellitus [DM] appeared to be 13.1% and 6.3% respectively. Smoking was distinguished in 9.8 % of the participants. The prevalence of high Cholestrol [P=0.001], high LDL [P=0.01], low HDL [P<0.001], overweight and obesity [P<0.001] was higher in female, but prevalence of smoking was higher in male [P<0.001]

Conclusion: Dyslipidemia, obesity and HTN were the most prevalent risk factors in IKRF supported groups with a low socioeconomic status. Thus, it is necessary to hold effective certain educational programs for all the community. Moreover, the screening of cardiac risk factors must be done for all individuals, particularly for those with a low socioeconomic status /

Paget-Schroetter syndrome [ Primary Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis]: a case report

Deep vein thrombosis [DVT] is an important disease and occurred in lower extremities ,commonly

Approximately 10% of all cases of DVT involve the upper extremities. Upper-extremity DVT is an increasingly entity due to more catheter user and pace maker implantation. Because of potential risk of Pulmonary embolism , Upper-extremity DVT is clinically important condition. Involvement of upper extremity DVT is due to catheter ,trauma, infection, mechanical obstruction, IV drug abusing, surgery, etc. Primary Upper-extremity DVT is a rare disorder that refers either to effort thrombosis [the so-called Paget-Schroetter Syndrome] or idiopathic . Patients with Paget-Schroetter Syndrome develop in young and healthy people ,in dominant arm and after strenuous activity such as weight lifting, baseball pitching ,etc

In this article we report a young patient suffering from pain and swelling caused by the movement of glaciers in the right hand.After color Doppler ultrasonography and Venography, Upper-extremity DVT recognized. He was treated by anticoagulant

We will also talk about the next treatment and patient, s 4-years follow up

In the present article . a young patient with a diagnosis of right arm DVT post exertion with Paget- Schroetter syndrome and 4 years follow up is presented

Prevalence and risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm in people over 65 years old who referred to the ultrasound centers of educational hospitals in Birjand in 2014

Background and Aim: Abdominal aortic aneurysm is an important mortality factor especially in old men

The present study aimed at investigating prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in people over 65 years old who referred to the ultrasonic centers in Birjand educational hospitals in 2014

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1451 individuals were willingly selected from over 65 patients over 65 years old, with no history of abdominal aortic aneurysm who had referred to the ultrasonic centers of Imam Reza and Vali-e- Asr hospitals in 2014, .using simple non-probability sampling method. A Canadian ultrasonic device with 3.5 MHz Linea spherical probe was used for the measurement of aortic diameter while a questionnaire was used in order to record demographic information as well as risk factors. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS [V:16] statistical software; using Chi-square and independent-T tests at the significance level of P

Results: It was found that out of 1451 patients, 99 cases [6.8%] suffered from abdominal aortic aneurysm

Relative frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm did notreveal a significant difference regarding the sex

However, prevalence of the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm had a significant relationship with the .variables of age, diabetes, and dyslipidemia

Conclusion: Due to high prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in people over 65 years, screening for of abdominal aortic aneurysm is suggested for the elderly

Prevalence of abdominal obesity in adolescents 2012, birjand, east of Iran

Prevalence of obesity in children has been increased during recent decades all over the world. Obesity, particularly, abdominal obesity [AO] is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess obesity and central obesity within students aged 11-18 of Birjand city. This cross-sectional and descriptive- analytical study was conducted on 2458 secondary and high school students, including 1345 girls [54.8%] and 1113 boys [45.2%], who had been selected from Birjand Middle and high schools through multiple-cluster sampling in 2012. For determination of AO, waist circumference and the percentage 90 or more regarding age and sex were used. The obtained data were analyzed by using statistical t-tests and X[2] at the significant level P < 0.05. Among the studied students, average 16.3% [20% of boys and 13.2% of girls] had AO. The obtained data about these two groups shows statistical significant difference of P < 0.001. Chance of AO in boys was 1.6 times greater than that of girls. Odds ratio [OR] = 1.6 [confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-2.1]. It was 1.9 times more about under 15-year-old than over 15 aged subjects. OR = 1.9 [CI: 1.5-2.4]. Regarding high prevalence of AO in Birjand adolescents, it is recommended that adolescents and their families should be warned for long-term outcomes of obesity on quality-of-life. Periodic studies are suggested for awareness of obesity trends in the coming years

[ effect of resistance and combined exercise on serum levels of liver enzymes and fitness indicators in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]

Background and Aim: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of abnormal liver enzymes. We aimed to investigate the effects of resistance and combined exercise on levels of liver enzymes in women with fatty liver disease

Materials and Methods: In this study, 37 women were assigned into three groups including control, resistance and combined exercise groups. Resistance exercise protocol included 8 movements, 3 sets, 8-10 repetitions which performed at%60-75 of one repetition maximum¡ 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Combined exercise included 4 resistance movement in the first half of training session and the aerobic exercise at intensity of%60-75 maximum heart rate in the other half. The AST, ALT and ALP were measured using biochemical methods. Paired t-test results for the extraction of one-way ANOVA, at a significant level of 0/05 were analysed

Results: The level of ALP only in the resistance exercise group significantly decreased [p=0.03], but AST and ALT levels did not significantly change in any groups [p>0.05]. The mean of ALT/AST ratio significantly increased in the resistance exercise group [p =0.04], but no significant changes were observed in the combination and control groups. The mean of flexibility [p=0.001], maximal oxygen consumption [p=0.02], muscle strength [p=0.003] and grip strength [p=0.001], significantly increased after resistance exercise

Conclusion: None of the resistance and combined exercises had significant effect on the levels of AST and ALT, but the resistance exercise improved ALP and fitness indicators. Therefore, resistance exercise may be more favorite for fatty liver patients

[Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 2-5 year olds and its relationship with parental obesity]

Background and Aim: The aim of the current study was to determine prevalence of obesity and overweight in 2-5 year olds and its association with parental obesity in Birjand

Materials and Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on five hundred2-5 year olds of Birjand kindergartens and their parents in 2009. Height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were measured using standard methods. In the children, BMI of 85-95 percentile were taken as overweight and BMI>/=95 percentile for age and sex were accounted as obese. Regarding parents, BMI of 25 - 29 were considered as overweight and BMI>/=30 as obesity. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software [V: 13] at the significant level of alpha=0.05

Results: Prevalence of obesity in children was 7.6% [6.3% in girls, 8.8% in boys] and that of overweight was 10.6% [11.7% in girls, 9.6% in boys]. Out of all fathers and mothers, 44.2% and 30.2% were overweight, respectively and also 7.8% of fathers and 6.8 of mothers were obese. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children of mothers with normal BMI were 15%, but in those having overweight and obese mothers it was 24%. This prevalence was 15.4% in children with normal BMI fathers and in children having overweight and obese fathers it was 20.8%. It was found that there was a significant positive association between children's BMI and that of their parents [r=0.11, r=0.12, P<0.05]

Conclusion: Given the significant and positive correlation between children's and their parents' obesity, it is important to educate Families to improve their eating patterns and life styles for weight control in their children, particularly in those having obese members

Marfan syndrome in an Iranian family: a case series

Marfan syndrome [MFS] is a genetic disorder which is inherited by autosomal dominant traits. In MFS, lens displacement and cardiovascular involvement are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the clinical course of the disease. In this case study, the ocular involvement in a family with severe penetration of MFS is reported. Twelve members of a family [father, two daughters, three sons, and six grandchildren] had MFS. Lens ectopia was the most common ophthalmic involvement among the family [100%]. Other ocular involvements were as follows; Hypoplastic iris or ciliary's muscle hypoplasia [50%], on gated eyeball [42%], flat cornea [30%], glaucoma and cataract [25%], retinal detachment [16%]. Three members of the family underwent eye surgery including lens extraction, glaucoma surgery and retinal surgery

Comparison of components of metabolic syndrome in premature myocardial infarction in an Iranian population: a case -control study

Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease [CAD]. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with premature myocardial infarction [before 50 years of age]. In this case-control study, we compared 98 consecutive patients who were hospitalized in Birjand with acute first myocardial infarction before the age of 50 years and 98 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without a history of coronary artery disease. The case and control groups were categorized according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel [NCEP ATP III] metabolic syndrome criteria [presence of >/= 3 of the following: Fasting blood glucose >/= 100 mg/dL, triglyceride [TG] level >/= 150 mg/dL, low high density lipoprotein [HDL; <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women], blood pressure >/= 130/85 mm Hg, and waist circumference >102 cm in men or 88 cm in women]. The data were collected and analyzed by t-test, chi[2], and logistic regression in SPSS software 11.5. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in cases than in control group [34.7% in cases, 16.3% in controls, P=0.003]. All components of metabolic syndrome except high waist circumstance in the cases group were significantly higher than in control. The most common component of metabolic syndrome was high TG and the least common component was low HDL. We conclude that prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with premature myocardial infarction is high; high TG is the most common component of metabolic syndrome

Prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity among elementary school children in Birjand, East of Iran, 2012

Prevalence of obesity in children has been increasing during recent decades all over the world. Obesity, particularly central obesity, is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to assess obesity and central obesity in 6-11 year old Birjand elementary school children, East of Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1541 elementary school children, i.e. 851girls and 690 boys, selected from Birjand elementary schools through multiple-cluster sampling in 2012. In order to determine overweight and obesity the percentile of CDC was used, so that, 85-95[th] percentile were taken as overweight and >95[th] percentile was defined as obese with respect to age and sex. For determination of central obesity, waist circumference and the >/= 90[th] percentile were used regarding age and sex. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software [V: 15] using t and chi-square statistical tests at the 0.05 significant level. Out of the studied children, 9.6% [11% of boys and 8.3% of girls] were overweight and 9.2% of children [i.e. 10.9% of boys and 7.9% of girls] were obese. About 15.7% of children [i.e. 20.3% of boys and 12% of girls] had central obesity. Regarding high prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and overweight in Birjand elementary school children, it is recommended that families should be provided with necessary information with respect to correcting life-style and preventing obesity in children

[Diagnostic value of standard 12 lead electrocardiography in acute RV myocardial infarction]

Right ventricular infarction [RVMI] is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction [MI]. Although, electrocardiography is probably the most useful, simple, and objective tool for the diagnosis of acute MI, there are no well-defined criteria in the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram to properly identify RVMI in patients with acute inferior MI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of ST-segment changes in 12-lead in diagnosing RVMI in patients with acute inferior MI. A total of One hundred sixty seven patients, hospitalized with acute inferior MI, were included in this study. The diagnosis of acute inferior MI was based on the clinical history and the appearance of ST-segment elevation [STE] >/= 1 mm in at least two of the leads [leads II, III, aVF]. RVMI was defined by STE >/= 1 mm in lead V4R during the first 12 hours after the beginning of the symptoms. Then the patients were divided into two groups [RVMI + and -] and ST-segment changes were compared between the two groups. The Ninety patients [51.1%] had RVMI according to lead V4R. ST-segment change 31mm was seen in I, III, aVL, and in aVF; also ST-segment depression >/= 2mm in I+aVL and STE >/= 1 mm in lead III greater than lead II [III>II] was significantly different between the two groups. The high sensitivity-specificity was seen in lead I: 86%-72%; lead aVL: 96%-26%; I+aVL: 84%-71%; and III>II: 82%-74%. More than 1 mm ST-segment depression in lead I, STE in III>II and ST-segment depression >/= 2 mm in I+aVL are possible to identify RVMI in patients with acute inferior MI