RESUMO
resumen está disponible en el texto completo
Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and Mexico is no exception. The epidemiological data obtained in 1990 showed that cardiovascular diseases represented 19.8% of all causes of death in our country. This figure increased significantly to 25.5% for 2015. Some national surveys suggest that more than 60% of the adult population has at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (obesity or overweight, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemias). On the other hand, data from the Pan American Health Organization have linked the process of atherosclerosis as the first cause of premature death, significantly reducing life expectancy, which has enormous social repercussions. Objective: This document constitutes the Clinical Practice Guide (CPG) prepared at the initiative of the Mexican Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the Mexican Society of Nutrition and Endocrinology, AC, National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico, AC, Mexican Association for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis and its Complications, AC, National Normative Committee of General Medicine, AC, National College of Geriatric Medicine, AC, College of Internal Medicine of Mexico, AC, Mexican Society of Angiology and Vascular and Endovenous Surgery, AC, Mexican Institute of Research Nephrological, AC and the Mexican Academy of Neurology, A.C.; with the methodological support of the Ibero-American Agency for the Development and Evaluation of Health Technologies, in order to establish recommendations based on the best available evidence and agreed upon by an interdisciplinary group of experts. The objective of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations to help decision makers in the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias in our country. Material and methods: This document complies with international quality standards, such as those described by the Institute of Medicine of the USA, the Institute of Clinical Excellence of Great Britain, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network and the Guidelines International Network. A multidisciplinary group of clinical experts and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and the development of clinical practice guidelines was formed. A scope document was agreed upon, relevant clinical questions were established, the best available evidence critically evaluated in systematic literature reviews was exhaustively identified, and clinical recommendations were developed. The modified Delphi Panel methodology was used to achieve an adequate level of consensus in each of the recommendations contained in this CPG. Results: 23 clinical questions were agreed upon which gave rise to their respective clinical recommendations. Conclusions: We consider that this document contributes to better clinical decision-making and becomes a point of reference for clinicians and patients in the management of dyslipidemias and this contributes to reducing the morbidity and mortality derived from atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in our country.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La vasculitis de anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilo (ANCA) con frecuencia involucra el riñón, con un pobre pronóstico a corto plazo. Presentamos una serie corta de casos atendidos de 2008 a 2012, en un hospital de tercer nivel, enfatizando en las características clínicas y patológicas a su presentación en urgencias, derivado de que en México no existe una publicación sobre serie de casos de vasculitis renal ANCA asociada, únicamente casos descritos aislados. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento clínico de la vasculitis ANCA-asociada en una población mexicana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de 23 casos de vasculitis con compromiso renal. Resultados: La población representada por 13 mujeres y 10 hombres, guardando una relación de 1.3:1, con una edad promedio de 47 ± 16 arios, 21,7% con antecedente de diabetes, 26% con hipertensión y 8,7% con antecedente de enfermedad autoinmune, con un tiempo promedio de evolución de sintomatologia renal de 2,8 ± 2,2 meses y una creatinina promedio de 8 ± 6,3mg/dl que confiere una tasa de filtrado glomerular de 7ml/min/m2 a su ingreso, el 100% de los pacientes con microhematuria y un dismorfismo presente en el 20,9 ± 12,2% de los pacientes. Es importante destacar que se documentó en el 30% datos de vasculitis pulmonar, 21,7% vasculitis cutánea y en tubo digestivo; el 65% ameritó terapia sustitutiva de la función renal a su ingreso, cifra que se mantuvo 12 meses después, con 3 defunciones asociadas a la actividad de vasculitis incontrolable y tan solo 21,7% de los pacientes permaneció libre de terapia sustitutiva pero con importante deterioro en la función renal a 12 meses posevento. Conclusiones: La vasculitis renal ANCA asociada tiene un pobre pronóstico a corto plazo, cuya sobrevida está íntimamente relacionada al tiempo de evolución de la actividad de la enfermedad y a su intervención inmunosupresora oportuna.
Abstract Introduction: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) vasculitis often involves a kidney Vasculitis with a poor short-term prognosis. A short series of cases are presented that were treated from 2008 to 2012 in a third level hospital. Emphasis is placed on the clinical and pathological characteristics of their presentation in the emergency room, and the fact that there are no publications of a series of cases of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. Objective: To describe the clinical outcome of ANCA-associated vasculitis in a Mexican population. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 23 cases of vasculitis with renal involvement. Results: The study included 13 women and 10 men, with a ratio of 1.3: 1, with a mean age of 47 ± 16 years, in which 21.7% had a history of diabetes, 26% with hypertension, and 8.7% with a history of autoimmune disease. The mean duration of renal symptoms was 2.8± 2.2 months, with a mean creatinine of 8.0 ± 6.3mg/dl. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 7 ml/min/m2 at admission. All (100%) of the patients had microhaematuria, and 20.9 ± 12.2% of the patients showed dysmorphism. It is important to note that 30% of pulmonary vasculitis, 21.7% cutaneous vasculitis, and digestive tract were documented. Approximately two-thirds (65%) required renal replacement therapy on admission, a figure that remained 12 months later. There were 3 deaths associated with the activity of uncontrollable vasculitis, and only 21.7% of the patients remained free of renal replacement therapy, but with a significant deterioration in renal function at 12 months post-event. Conclusions: ANCA associated renal vasculitis has a poor short-term prognosis, and survival is closely related to the time of evolution of the disease activity and its appropriate immunosuppressive intervention.