Linfoma de Hodkin en Chile: Experiencia de 15 años del Programa Nacional de Cáncer del Adulto / Hodgkin lymphoma in Chile: Experience of the national adult cancer program

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma is a highly curable disease. Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and the treatment results of Hodgkin lymphoma patients of the National Cancer Program in Chile. Patients and methods: Prospective assessment of 682 patients treated in 18 adult cancer centers. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Median follow up was 127, 95, 87, 72 and 50 months for C-MOPP, radiotherapy (RT), C-MOPP/ABV, NOVP and ABVD, respectively. Results: Median age was 37 years (15-84). Nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity were equally expressed. Advanced stages (III & IV) were present at diagnosis in 61 percent of cases. Age over 40 was an adverse prognostic factor (p <0.001). The rate of PFS at 5 and 10 years for early stages was 73 percent and 66 percent with RT, 80 percent and 74 percent with C-MOPP+RT, 73 percent and 71 percent with C-MOPP/ABV, 59 percent and 59 percent with NOVP+RT, and 81 percent with ABVD+RT, at 5 years, being significantly lower for NOVP (p =0.02). The rate of OS at 5 and 10 years for advanced stages was 82 percent and 70 percent with RT, 82 percent and 76 percent with C-MOPP+RT, 82 percent and 80 percent with C-MOPP/ABV, 68 percent and 60 percent with NOVP, and 85 percent with ABVD at 5 years, also significantly lower for NOVP (p =0.04). For advanced stages, the rate of PFS at 5 and 10 years was 49 percent and 43 percent with C-MOPP, 69 percent and 62 percent with C-MOPP/ABVD or C-MOPP/ABV, and 71 percent at 5 years with ABVD, significantly lower for C-MOPP (p =0.01). The rate of OS at 5 and 10 years was 52 percent and 46 percent with C-MOPP, 70 percent and 63 percent with C-MOPP/ABVD or C-MOPP/ABV and 76 percent with ABVD at 5 years, significantly lower for C-MOPP (p =0.0002). Conclusions: Age over 40 years was an adverse prognostic factor. C-MOPP/ABVD, C-MOPP/ABV and ABVD had comparable results and reached a high tumor control and overall survival in both early...

Detección de secuencias del gen BCR-ABL mediante RT-PCR en pacientes con leucemia en la IX Región Chile / Detection of BCR-ABL gene sequences using polymerase chain reaction reverse transcriptase in patients with leukemia from the IX Región of Chile

Background: The BCR-ABL fusion gene is the molecular expression of the Philadelphia chromosome. This cytogenetic aberration is the most frequent alteration found in leukemias, which is produced by the translocation t(9;22). Two different fusion proteins are produced depending on the break point (210 kD and 190 kD). The detection of this gene has both diagnostic and prognostic importance, associated with poor prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Aim: To detect BCR-ABL gene sequences in patients with leukemia from the IX Region of Chile. Material and methods: We studied 58 patients: 5 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 35 ALL, 15 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 3 biphenotypic leukemia. The gene sequences were detected using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: BRC-ABL gene sequences were positive in all patients with CML, 2 of 35 ALL (one child and one adult). The remaining patients were negative. We found p210 and p190 co-expression in 2 CML and 1 ALL. Conclusions: Our results are in agreement with other reports. The detection of these and other genetic alterations will allow us to have invaluable diagnostic and prognostic information from our patients with leukemia

Quimiorradioterapia postoperatoria en el tratamiento del cáncer gástrico / Postsurgical chemotherapy in the gastric cancer treatment

El cáncer gástrico sigue siendo una de las principales causas de muerte por Ca en Chile y en el mundo, aunque ha aumentado el número de resecciones curativas persiste un alto porcentaje de recidiva y una baja sobrevida global a 5 años. Con el fin de mejorar estos resultados se ha recurrido a diferentes alternativas de terapia adyuvantes, entre ellas la quimiorradioterapia postoperatoria. Se realizaron 12 gastrectomías totales ampliadas y 13 gastrectomías subtotales con linfadenectomías tipo D2 en 23 pacientes y tipo D1 en 2 casos. La anactomía patológica demuestra que el 85,7 por ciento eran Ca avanzados; 7,1 por ciento Ca incipientes submucosos y 7,1 por ciento eran intermedios. El tratamiento QT-RT se realizó después de la 4ª a 6ª semana de la cirugía, durante 5 semanas. Quimioterapia con 5 FU en dosis de 350 mg/m2 en infusión continua la primera y quinta semana, y radioterapia en dosis de 4500 cGy fraccionados durante las mismas 5 semanas, con 2000 cGy en abdomen total y 2500 como sobreimpresión del lecho gástrico y ganglionar. La sobrevida global actuarial para nuestra serie, según Curva de Kaplan-Meir, fue de 63 por ciento a los 12 meses, y de 30 por ciento a los 5 años