Analysis of enterovirus infection type among acute respiratory tract infection cases in Luohe City, Henan Province from 2017 to 2021 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To understand the infection status of Enterovirus (EV) in cases of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Luohe City, Henan Province from 2017 to 2021, and analyze the prevalence and type composition of EV in ARIs. Methods: From October 2017 to May 2021, pharyngeal swab samples were collected from 1 828 patients with ARIs in Luohe Central Hospital and the clinical epidemiological data of these cases were also collected. EV-positive samples were identified by Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) was amplified by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The results of 5'UTR region were initially typed by Enterovirus Genotyping Tool Version 1.0. Based on the typing results, the full-length of VP1 region was amplified by RT-PCR. The EV typing was identified again by VP1 region. Results: Among 1 828 cases of ARIs, 56.7% (1 036) were males. The median (Q1, Q3) age was about 3 (1, 5) years. Patients under 5 years old accounted for 71.6% (1 309 cases). Among all cases, a total of 71 EV-positive samples were identified by qPCR, with a detection rate of 3.88% (71/1 828). The EV detection rates for men and women were 3.28% (34/1 036) and 4.67% (37/792), without statistically significant differences (χ2=2.32, P=0.14). The EV detection rates for 2 to <6 years, 6 months to <2 years, 6 to <10 years, and <6 months were 6.29% (48/763), 3.00% (18/600), 2.52% (4/159), and 1.67% (1/60) (χ2=27.91, P<0.001). The EV detection rate was 0.92% (3/326) in autumn and winter of 2017. The EV detection rates were 1.18% (6/508), 2.47% (12/485) and 8.31% (34/409) in each year from 2018 to 2020, with an increasing trend year by year(χ2trend=29.76, P<0.001). The main prevalent seasons were summer and autumn. The detection rate in spring of 2021 was 4.00% (4/100). A total of 12 types were identified and classified as CVA2, CVA4, CVA5, CVA6, CVA10, CVB3, CVB5, E5, E11, E30, PV-1, and EV-D68. The types of CVA2, CVA10, CVA6, and CVB3 were the dominant phenotypes. In 59 sample of EV typing, the main clinical manifestation was upper respiratory tract infection (36/59, 61.01%). The dominant types detected in upper respiratory tract infections were CVA10 (10/36, 27.78%), CVA6 (9/36, 25.00%) and CVB3 (8/36, 22.22%). The dominant type detected in lower respiratory tract infections was CVA2 (7/19, 36.84%). Conclusion: In Luohe City, Henan Province from 2017 to 2021, EV infection in ARIs cases has clear seasonal and age-specific patterns, and the dominant types of upper and lower respiratory tract infections are different.

The role of three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging derived parameters on predicting outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with MYH7 mutations / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the cardiac functional changes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) patients with β-myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7) mutations by three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI) and conventional echocardiography modalities, and then to explore the potential predictors of adverse cardiovascular events in these patients. Methods: A consecutive series of 192 HCM patients admitted in our center from October 2014 to October 2016 were genetically screened to identify MYH7 mutations in this retrospective study. A total of 43 HCM patients with MYH7 mutations were enrolled. The patients were divided into events group(n=13) and no event group(n=30) according to the presence or absence of adverse cardiovascular events(primary and secondary endpoints). All patients were followed up to January 2019 after comprehensive evaluation of 3D-STI, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. The adverse cardiovascular events were recorded. Results: The median follow up time was 1 012 (812, 1 330) days. During follow-up, 13 patients (30.2%) reached endpoints: 6 cases of the primary endpoints(2 cases of sudden cardiac death(SCD), 3 cases of survival after defibrillation, and 1 case of appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(ICD) discharge); 7 cases of the second endpoints(5 cases of heart failure hospitalization, 1 case of syncope and cardioversion due to supraventricular tachycardia, and 1 case of end-stage HCM). Patients with adverse cardiovascular events had higher prevalence of syncope and risk of SCD, enlarged left atrial volume index(LAVI) and reduced 3D left ventricular global longitudinal train (3D-GLS), as compared to those without adverse events(all P<0.05). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that reduced 3D-GLS(HR=0.814, 95%CI 0.663-0.999, P=0.049) was an independent predictor for adverse cardiovascular events. The cutoff value of 3D-GLS≤13.67% was linked with significantly increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events in this patient cohort(AUC=0.753, 95%CI 0.558-0.948, sensitivity 86%, specificity 69%, P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the patients with the 3D-GLS≤ 13.67% faced higher risk of death than those with 3D-GLS>13.67%. Conclusion: 3D-GLS is useful on predicting adverse cardiovascular events in HCM patients with MYH7 mutations.

Anlysis of foot biomechanics characteristic in 303 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate foot biomechanics characteristic of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted among 303 patients with type 2 diabetes. The whole foot was divided into 10 regions, namely the first toe (T1); the second to fifth toes (T2-5); the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsals (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5, respectively); midfoot (MF), and the heel medial (HM). Foot arch index, foot angle and maximum peak pressure (MPP) of the 10 regions were measured using a Footscan gait system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The maximum peak pressure of 10 regions decreased in the order of M3>M2>HM>M4>HL>M1>M5>T1>ML>T2-5 for the left foot, and in the order of M3>M2>HM>M4>HL>M1>M5>T1>ML>T2-5 for the right foot. The MPP in M1 region was higher in the right than in the left foot (P<0.05). The MPP in M3, M4, M5, and MF was higher in the left than in the right foot (P<0.05). The percentage of high-risk foot (defined by a total plantar pressure ≥70 N/cm) was 34% on the left and 17.7% on the right. An increased BMI was associated with a significant increase in high-risk foot, but not for the right foot in underweight patients. Foot flat phase was extended and forefoot push-off phase shortened in stance phase in the patients. Compared with the right foot, the left foot showed a significantly increased foot arch index and increased low and high arch rates with a decreased normal arch rate. Total plantar pressure was higher in of the left high arch foot than in normal arch foot. The foot angle was significantly larger on the right than on the left. The bilateral total plantar pressures were significantly greater in male patients (P<0.05) and increased with age but were not associated with the duration of DM, foot angle, or glycosylated hemoglobin level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Diabetic patients have obvious alterations in foot biomechanics with abnormalities of the plantar pressure, and the percentage of high-risk foot increases in overweight and obese patients, suggesting the need of body weight control in these patients when administering offloading treatment for prevention of diabetic foot ulcer.</p>

Expression of YY 1 protein in human insulinoma and its clinical implication / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) protein in human insulinoma and explore its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nineteen pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor tissue were collected from patients treated in Nanfang Hospital between 2000 and 2014. The protein expression of YY1 in benign and malignant insulinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive expression for YY1 protein was detected in both benign and malignant tumor tissues, but the malignant tissues had a significantly greater intensity of YY1 expression than the benign tissues (P=0.042). The intensity of YY1 expression was positively correlated with the nature of the tumor, and the insulinomas with high expressions of YY1 had significantly greater malignant potentials (P=0.037).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high expression of YY1 protein is associated with the development of insulinima. YY1 may serve as a new tumor marker for detecting the malignant transformation of insulinoma.</p>

Common ventilation modes of respiration machines and adjustment of parameters / 中国医疗器械杂志

The summary of common ventilation modes is presented in the paper. Characteristics, work principle, the advantage on the clinical application and parameter adjustment are analyzed to help users overcome the clinical difficulty using respirators.

Study on separation and purification of total flavones from Smilax china by macroporous absorption resin / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the technological parameters of the purification process of total flavones from Smilax china with macroporous absorption resin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The technical process for purification of total flavones with the optimum macroporous absorption resin was screened by yield of total flavones product.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The D140 macroporous absorption resin had the best separating efficiency when the flavones content in the liquid was 0.5 g x mL(-1) equivalent to raw material, the volume of drug 18 BV (resin bad volume) with the adsorption-power 2 BV x h(-1), and the volume of 60% (mL x mL(-1)) ethanol as eluant 5-10 BV (resin bad volume) with desorption-power 1 BV x h(-1). The obtained flavones product has total flavones recovery rate of 84.72%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment of regenerated resin is easy, this method is advisable.</p>

Influence of Electrical Stimulation on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Receptor Expression of Neonatal Rat Brain Tissue after Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its receptor expressions of neonatal rat brain with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods Seventy-five 7-day-old newborn health SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(control group,n=25),hypoxia-ischemia group(model group,n=25) and the electrical sti-mulation group(intervention group,n=25).To bulid HIBD animal model of neonatal rats,the left common carotid artery was ligated and nitrogen-oxygen gas mixture was inhaled 2 hours.Fastigial nucleus stimulation was given 12 hours after the operation in intervention group,30 min?time-1,1 time?d-1,the time length was 1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d or 21 d,respectively.There was no electrical stimulation in model group and control group.The rats in these groups were captured at the corresponding time.Five rats in each group were killed at the corresponding pe-riods after electrical stimulation,the expression of VEGF and its receptor fam-like tyrosine kinase receptor(flt-1 / VEGFR1),fetal liver kinase receptor(flk-1/KDR/VEGFR2) in hippocampus were observed by immunohistochemistry.SPSS 15.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results The expression of VEGF,VEGFR1,VEGFR2 at every time point in electrical stimulation group were higher significantly than those in model group and control group(Pa0.05).Conclusion Electrical stimulation can promote the expression of VEGF and its receptors VEGFR1,VEGFR2.

Effects of Fastigial Nucleus Electric Stimulation on Neuron Ultramicrostructure in Rats with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the influence of electrical stimulation on prefrontal cortical neurons and synaptic ultramicrostructure of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)in neonatal rats.Methods The sixty 7-day-old newborn healthy SD rats were randomly divided into hypoxic-ischemic group(model group),electrical stimulation(intervention)group and sham operation group(control group),which 20 for each group.The models of perinatal HIBD rats were prepared by ligation of left common carotid artery with a temporary systemic hypoxia for 2 hours.Intervention group was subject to electric stimulation for 30 minutes,once everyday after surgery.Control group and model group were not subject to electric stimulation but caught to fix in corresponding period.Fastigial nucleus electric stimulations were performed for 3 d,14 d and 21 d.Five rats were killed in each group after the application of electron microscope to observe the brain cortex neurons and synaptic ultrastructure changes.Results In model group,the neuronal shrinkage,the amount of organelles dacrease,ob-vious edema of cytoplasm,obvious swellen mitochondria,and synapse quantity decrease,synaptic space fusion,obvious synaptic vesicle were observed.Intervention group different times,mitochondria hydrops gradually alleviated,synaptic space gradually cleared,synaptic vesicle increased,pathological changes obviously lessened compared to model group at the same time,and there was no apparent abnormality compared with control group on the 21st d.Conclusion Electric stimulation can promote the ultramicrostructures recovery of HIBD rats.