Effects of grandparent involvement in parenting on health related behaviors among urban preschoolers / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effects of grandparent involvement in parenting on health related behaviors among urban preschool children, so as to provide a basis for the development of interventions for unhealthy behaviors among preschool children with different parenting pattern.@*Methods@#A total of 5 431 preschool children aged 3-6 years old in Xinbei District, Changzhou City, were selected by census method during January to October, 2022. General household characteristics and health related behaviors of children were investigated by questionnaires, and the differences in health related behaviors with different parenting pattern involving grandparents were explored by the χ 2 test. A multifactorial Logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of grandparenting on preschool children s health behaviors.@*Results@#About 51.2% of preschoolers were raised by both parents, 46.1 % were co parented by grandparents, and 2.7% were raised by grandparents. After multifactorial Logistic regression analysis controlling for age, gender, annual household income, and family structure, children co parented by grandparents had a reduced risk of screen exposure time>1 h/d ( OR =0.79, P <0.05), with increased risks of outdoor activity time<2 h/d ( OR =1.30, P < 0.05 ), sleep duration <10 h/d ( OR =1.31, P <0.05), sleep difficulties ( OR =1.39, P <0.05) and adverse eating behaviors ( OR =1.20， P < 0.05), compared with children parented by both parents. Children raised by grandparents were at increased risk for outdoor activity time<2 h/d ( OR =2.19) and unhealthy eating behaviors ( OR =1.39) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Compared with children raised by both parents, the incidence of unhealthy behaviors is increased in children raised by parents and grandparents and in children raised by full grandparents. Active intervention should be focused on unhealthy behaviors of preschool children with pareting involving grandparents to promote the physical and mental health of preschool children.

Preliminary study of reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence scale in smoking male in-patients with schizophrenia / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FrND) scale among smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia.Methods:Two hundred and twenty smoking male inpatients,who met criteria for schizophrenia of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ),were consecutively included.FTND scale and Russell's Reasons for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ) were used to assess subjects'severity of nicotine dependence and addiction score of the dimension of reason for smoking,respectively.According to the principle of voluntariness,37 subjects were selected and re-assessed with FTND scale after two-week interval.Reliability,correlation and factor analyses were used to examine the reliability and validity.Results:The Cronbach α (internal consistency) and two-week re-test reliability coefficients of FTND scale were 0.68 and 0.72 (P ＜0.01),respectively.The criterion related validity coefficient with addiction score of RRSQ was 0.53 (P ＜0.01).Two common factors were abstracted from the scale factor analysis,accounting for 52.4％ of the total variance.There were statistically significant differences between patients with different duration of illness,number of hospitalizations and age of smoking initiation (P ＜0.05).Conclusion:The Chinese version of FTND scale for smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia has a relatively low internal consistency and good re-test reliability,criterion related validity,construct validity and empirical validity.

Effects of calcitriol supplementation on microalbuminuria and isletβcell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国综合临床

Objective To observe the changes in blood glucose,albumin/creatinine ratio and isletβcell function,after calcitriol therapy was used on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria.Methods Sixty patients with type 2 diabetic microalbuminuria were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,each had 30 cases.Patients in the experimental group were given calcitriol 0.25ug once a day for three months,the changes of blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,albumin/creatinine ratio,islet βcell function were observed.Results After the intervention,the albumin/creatinine ratio level in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group ((127.48±139.94) mg/g vs.(151.02±96.25) mg/g,P=0.04).The insulin resistance index in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group ((2.99±1.24) vs.(3.72±2.58),P=0.233),the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion Calcitriol can reduce microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.Calcitriol may be helpful in improving insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Clinical effect of alpha lipoic acid on early diabetic nephropathy / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the clinical application of alpha lipoic acid on early diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Seventy patients with early diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in control group were treated with regular glycemic control methods,while patients in treatment group were received alpha lipoic acid 300 mg static drop treatment for two weeks beside regular treatment.High sensitivity C reaction protein,microalbuminuria and urine creatinine were measured before and after the treatment.Microalbuminuria and urine creatinine were re-measured three months later.Results At the end of two weeks treatment,the levels of high sensitivity C reaction protein in the treatment group decreased from (3.92 ± 4.56) mg/L to (2.24 ± 2.49) mg/L,and there was significant difference (t =2.803,P ＜ 0.05).Microalbuminuria decreased from (127.18 ± 76.91) mg/L to (84.50 ± 122.87) mg/L,and there was significant difference (t =2.501,P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of microalbuminuria and urine creatinine in treatment group decreased from(28.95 ± 30.49) mg/mmol to(13.76 ± 20.83) mg/mmol,and there was significant difference (t =3.616,P ＜ 0.05).While there was no significant difference in the control group before and after regular waglycemic control.At three months after treatment,there were no significant difference regarding of microalbuminuria,the ratio of microalbuminuria and urine creatinine between treatment and control groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Alpha lipoic acid might be with ability of decreasing the levels of microalbuminuria of diabetic nephropathy in the short term,but further study is needed to verify whether alpha lipoic acid can decrease the level of microalbuminuria in the long term.

Intensity modulated radiation therapy for 90 untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical results and the toxicities of normal tissues in untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).@*METHODS@#A total of 90 patients with untreated NPC received IMRT. According to the 1992 Fuzhou staging system, 3 patients were in stage I, 29 in stage II, 26 in stage III, and 32 in stage IVa. For IMRT,the prescription dose was 71.94-77.88 Gy/33f for the planning target volume of the gross tumor volume in the nasopharynx (PGTVnx); 69.96 Gy/33f for the positive neck lymph nodes (GTVnd); 60-66 Gy/33f for the planning target volume of the high risk regions (PTV1); and 50.4-56 Gy/28f for the planning target volume of the low risk regions (PTV2). Chemotherapy included concurrent and adjuvant protocols. The overall survival rate, local control rate, and distant metastasis-free survival rate were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis. Acute and 1ate toxicities were graded according to RTOG radiation morbidity scoring criteria.@*RESULTS@#The median follow-up time was 33 months (12-56 months). The 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year survival rate was 97.8%, 90.6%, 86% and 80%; the local control tate was 98.8%, 97.5%, 92.1% and 77.4%; and the distant metastasis-free survival rate was 95.3%, 90.7%, 88.4% and 85.8%, respectively. The most serious acute toxicity was irradiated inflammation of mocosa with Grade 1 to 4 of 16.7%, 60%, 23.3% and 0, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, clinical stages were the prognostic factors for the survival rate. The most serious toxicity was salivary gland. The rate of grade xerostomia 1-year after the radiotherapy with Grade 1 to 4 was 18.1%, 9.6%, 0 and 0, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#IMRT combined chemotherapy can improve the survival rate, and late adverse reaction is obviously decreased. Local recurrence and distant metastasis are the main reasons for low survival rate.

Effectiveness of trauscranial electrotherapy stimulation aiding venlafaxine in treatment of generalized anxiety disorder / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of transcranial electrotherapy stimulation (TES)on patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). MethodsA total of 62 patients with GAD were randomly divided into two groups,the study group (treated with TES and venlafaxine) and the control group (treated with venlafaxine only).TES was administered 1 time per day for 14 days,while venlafaxine was administered with oral intake of 75-150mg/d for 4 weeks.The clinical effects were assessed by using Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA).ResultsThere was no difference between the two groups in average HAMA total scores,psychic and somatic factor scores before the treatments (P ＞ 0.05).The effective rate of study group was significantly higher ( P ＜ 0.05 ) at the end of the 1 st week after treatment than,but similar at the end of the 2nd and 4th week after treatment (P ＞ 0.05 ) to that,of control group,with regard to HAMA total score and psychic factor score.With regard to the HAMA somatic factor score,the effective rate of study group was not significantly different from that of control group at the end of the 1st,2nd and 4th week after treatment (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionTranscranial electric stimulation in conjunction with venlafaxine may improve the symptoms of anxiety of patients.

The subjective well-being of type 2 diabetes patients and its influential factors / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the situation of subjective well-being feeling of type 2 diabetes patients and its influential factors.Methods One hundred and twenty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited as our subjects and all of them were performed the questionnaire investigation about well-being feeling.Influential factors were analyzed through several statistic methods.Results The index of subject wellbeing ranged from 3.70 to 13.70 and the average was 10.67 ± 2.10 of all type 2 diabetes patients.Of which The index of total affectation was 5.11 ± 0.92 and the range was from 2.63 to 6.63.The score of life satisfaction was 5.58 ± 1.22,and the range was from 1.10 to 7.70.Index of subjective well-being significantly associated with education,family income,therapy approach,HbA1 c level,complication,medicine burden.However there was no correlation with gender,age,diabetes duration.Conclusion The main types of subjective well-being feeling of patients with type 2 diabetes were positive effect and positive experience.Many factors could be the influence factor to well-being.Measures should be taken to improve Subjective well-being of type 2 diabetes patients.

Effect of Shuxuetong injection on the expressions of TGF-?_1 and Col-IV in renal tissues in diabetic rats / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To investigate the effect of Shuxuetong injection on the urine protein excretion changes and expressions of transforming growth factor ?(1TGF-?1)and collegen type Ⅳ(Col-Ⅳ)in renal tissues in diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetic nephropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).Rats were randomly divided into control group,untreated DN group,Shuxuetong group and Benazepril group.Urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),?2-microglobulin(?2-MA)and KW/BW(kidney weight/body weigh)were determined 8 weeks later.The expressions of TGF-?1 and Col-Ⅳ in renal tissues were determined by using immunohistochemical methods.Results:After interference,compared with the untreated DN group,UAER,?2-MA,KW/BW in the Shuxuetong group were significantly down-regulated(P