Effect of Bingo for Anatomy Education / 계명의대학술지

Anatomy is knowledge about structure and function of human body. However, with on medical course the vast amount of content, many students have difficulties and burdens about anatomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bingo game to improve understanding and learning effect of anatomy. This study was carried out in September, 2018, at 53 medical students. After conducting the bingo, the students were asked about the usefulness, grade reflection, concern, continuation, necessity, appropriate time and interest of bingo. And the relationship between bingo results and grades was also investigated. A total of seven bingo games were with an average of 3.6 bingo (0-11). There was a positive response to the usefulness (3.74 ± 0.92), interest (3.94 ± 0.82), continuation (3.55 ± 1.10), necessity (3.51 ± 1.01), and concern (3.72 ± 1.01) of bingo. However, the appropriateness of the time was neutral (3.26 ± 1.02), and there were negative opinions about grade reflection of bingo (1.40 ± 0.86). The grade of anatomy subject showed a positive correlation with the results of the bingo, but did not reach statistical significance (r = 207, p = 0.088). In addition to anatomy, histology, microbiology, and pharmacology were also considered to be useful educational methods for bingo. Bingo may be useful in medical school curriculum, especially in Anatomy. More research is needed to improve learning efficiency through bingo.

Effect of Bingo for Anatomy Education / 계명의대학술지

Anatomy is knowledge about structure and function of human body. However, with on medical course the vast amount of content, many students have difficulties and burdens about anatomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bingo game to improve understanding and learning effect of anatomy. This study was carried out in September, 2018, at 53 medical students. After conducting the bingo, the students were asked about the usefulness, grade reflection, concern, continuation, necessity, appropriate time and interest of bingo. And the relationship between bingo results and grades was also investigated. A total of seven bingo games were with an average of 3.6 bingo (0-11). There was a positive response to the usefulness (3.74 ± 0.92), interest (3.94 ± 0.82), continuation (3.55 ± 1.10), necessity (3.51 ± 1.01), and concern (3.72 ± 1.01) of bingo. However, the appropriateness of the time was neutral (3.26 ± 1.02), and there were negative opinions about grade reflection of bingo (1.40 ± 0.86). The grade of anatomy subject showed a positive correlation with the results of the bingo, but did not reach statistical significance (r = 207, p = 0.088). In addition to anatomy, histology, microbiology, and pharmacology were also considered to be useful educational methods for bingo. Bingo may be useful in medical school curriculum, especially in Anatomy. More research is needed to improve learning efficiency through bingo.

Anatomy in Michelangelo Art / 계명의대학술지

Michelangelo was a Renaissance artist showing many works. As the secrets of Michelangelo's art have been revealed recently, various studies have been carried out, revealing the secret code of human anatomy in his work. This was an important clue that Michelangelo dissected a huge number of human beings and was a anatomist with considerable expertise. Brazilian doctors Jalousie Bahaetto and Marcelo G Gli Oliveira, from the Vatican Sistina ceiling murals to the sculpture Pieta, examined the works of the Renaissance genius artist Michelangelo in detail and found anatomical elements in many works. Although some interpretations are controversial, it would be a good experience for medical doctor to appreciate masterpieces of Michelangelo in comparison to their human anatomy.

Prognostic Value of TZAP Expression in Various Cancers: TCGA Data Analysis / 계명의대학술지

The zinc finger protein ZBTB48 is a telomere-associated factor and renamed it as telomeric zinc finger-associated protein (TZAP). It binds preferentially to long telomeres competing with TRF1 and TRF2. However, its expression in cancers has not been performed. In the present study, we analyzed the prognosis of TZAP expression in 22 kinds of cancers by using TCGA data analysis. TZAP expression had a prognostic value in cervical, colon, and pancreatic cancers. When sorting the patients differently, it got the significance in bladder, breast, kidney, brain, and lung cancers. TZAP expression was associated with better prognosis in bladder, breast, cervical, lung, and pancreatic cancers. However, it showed poorer survival results in colon, kidney, and brain cancers. This result suggested that TZAP expression appears to be a possible prognosis marker in various cancers.

Variations in Branching Patterns of the Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery / 계명의대학술지

Anatomic variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are common and have been studied by many authors. The origin of the anterior circumflex humeral artery is also various and its association with other variations has been focused recently. This study identified the origin of the anterior circumflex humeral artery, the communication between the musculocutaneous and median nerves, and the third head of the biceps brachii muscle, and then their associations were examined. Axillae of 75 cadavers were dissected and these variations were collected. The anterior circumflex humeral artery arose directly from the third parts of the axillary artery in 82.0% of upper limbs. It also arose as common stem for both humeral arteries in 7.3% of the third part of the axillary artery and in 5.3% of the subscapular artery, respectively. The anterior circumflex humeral artery was absent in 2.7% and two anterior circumflex humeral artery was found in 1.3% of limbs. The communication between the musculocutaneous and median nerves and the third head of the biceps brachii muscle were found in 32.0% and 16.0% of upper limbs, respectively. These variations were not statistically associated with each other. These results may provide deep knowledge about the anatomy of the anterior circumflex humeral artery and contribute to explain its clinical implications.

Face and Neck Lift with Thread (Won V Lift)

During the facial aging, a series of physical and biochemical changes leads to tissue hypotrpphy, sagging and wrinkles not only at the level of the skin but also in the soft tissue structure. There has been a recent trend toward minimally invasive procedures for facial rejuvenation. This trend is keeping with a general demand toward more effective procedure with less tissue injury and less down time for the patient. Suspending thread technique is a new innovation in plastic surgery. Fifty patients underwent a threadlift procedure in combination with fat injection or filler injection to the midface, lowface, jowl and neck. We used anchoring point with deep temporal fascia in cheek and low face lift and mastoid fascia in neck lift without any incision. The procedure outcome was assessed in each case through patient interviews. All patients demonstrated improvement and youthful appearance in the midface, lowface, jowl and neck with minimal complications. Threadlift is a safe procedure with limited scarring, rapid recovery and low complication rates. The combination of the threadlift and fat injection or filler injection enables the increase of volume of mid or low face and prevents the complication with great patient satisfaction.

Rapid Isolation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells by the Storage of Lipoaspirates

PURPOSE: This study examined a rapid isolation method decreasing the time and cost of the clinical application of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aliquots (10 g) of the lipoaspirates were stored at 4degrees C without supplying oxygen or nutrients. At the indicated time points, the yield of mononuclear cells was evaluated and the stem cell population was counted by colony forming unit-fibroblast assays. Cell surface markers, stem cell-related transcription factors, and differentiation potentials of ASCs were analyzed. RESULTS: When the lipoaspirates were stored at 4degrees C, the total yield of mononuclear cells decreased, but the stem cell population was enriched. These ASCs expressed CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and HLA-ABC but not CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD117, CD133, and HLA-DR. The number of ASCs increased 1x1014 fold for 120 days. ASCs differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, muscle cells, or neuronal cells. CONCLUSION: ASCs isolated from lipoaspirates and stored for 24 hours at 4degrees C have similar properties to ASCs isolated from fresh lipoaspirates. Our results suggest that ASCs can be isolated with high frequency by optimal storage at 4degrees C for 24 hours, and those ASCs are highly proliferative and multipotent, similar to ASCs isolated from fresh lipoaspirates. These ASCs can be useful for clinical application because they are time- and cost-efficient, and these cells maintain their stemness for a long time, like ASCs isolated from fresh lipoaspirates.

Endoscopic Transaxillary Silicone Implant Insertion for the Aesthetic Correction of Pectus Excavatum

Scars on anterior chest after operative correction of funnel chest have been the challenging problem despite introduction of refined techiniques by numerous authors. From December 1996 to September 1998, the authors have performed prefabricated silicone implant insertion in eight female patients presenting funnel chest, using transaxillary approaches instead of substernal or inframammary incisions. In two of eight patients, augmentation mammaplasty was performed simultaneously. Except one case of seroma occurred in early stages, all eight cases of pectus excavatum were satisfactorily reconstructed by this technique. All eight patients expressed their satisfaction with the results during the follow-up visits made between 3 months and 3 years. In conclusion, endoscopic transaxillary approach for the scarless anterior chest can be useful technique in aesthetic correction of the funnel chest.

HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF COAGULATION DEPTH IN FLASHLAMP-PUMPED PULSED DYE LASER TREATMENT

According to photothermolysis, the FPDL(flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser) treatment theoretically causes no epidermal damage, however, we have observed blister, crust and scars in clinical experiences, and we have also found that FPDL has limited effect on adults, specially, thick-skinned Asian people with rich melanin pigment. In order to explain these effects, we took biopsies and made a histologic observation and analyzed the results statistically. The biopsies were taken from 15 patients who received first treatment and stained with H&E and NBTC(nitroblue tetrazolium chloride). We measured epidermal melanin content, epidermal damage, vessel wall coagulation depth, RBC coagulation depth, mean vessel diameter and evaluated clinical results at post-treatment 6 weeks. The vessel diameter and darkness of lesion color were increased with ages. Complete vessel coagulation was restricted to small vessels. With increasing epidermal melanin content, epidermal damage increased accordingly. The clinincal results were enhanced with increasing coagulation depth of vessel walls, and deteriorated with increasing epidermal melanin content. The clinical result was not significantly correlated with RBC-coagulation depth or energy used. We observed that melanin pigments have an adverse effect on clinical results. The FPDL treatment can be a choice of treatment to children with light colored lesion, but has a limitation to Asian adults with rich melanin pigment. Therefore, repetitive treatment is necessary for improvement of clinical results.

Breast Reconstruction with an Anatomical Expander and Implant: our clinical experience

The use of a tissue expander and implant is the simplest option for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Use of a round dome-shaped prosthesis and the commonly used one-stage technique with a Becker type prosthesis, however, often produces an undesirable upper pole fullness. To overcome this and to achieve improved aesthetic results, we started using an anatomically-shaped expander and implant, as described by Maxwell, as a two-stage breast reconstruction. We reviewed the results of our 21 reconstructed breasts in 22 patients who were deemed suitable for reconstruction using this technique since January 1995. The most commonly used expander was 350cc (range 350-550cc) and an average of 4.2 inflations were required before replacing the expander with a permanent implant. All the expanders were placed in submuscular pockets and implant volume. The longest follow-up was 36 months. Few complications developed and most patients were satisfied with the results. We found that the anatomically-shaped expander and implant produced better aesthetic results compared to a done-shaped prosthesis.