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Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features and pathological diagnosis methods of calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) of the stomach.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 9 patients with gastric CFT in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2015 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the immunophenotypic characteristics of gastric CFT, and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:Among 9 patients with gastric CFT, 1 case was male and 8 cases were female, with a median age of 53 years old (18-63 years old). There were 7 cases occurred in the body of the stomach, while 2 cases in the fundus. All cases were single solid nodule with the cut surface gray-white or gray-red in colour and hard and tough in texture. Maximum diameter of tumor ranged from 0.6 cm to 1.5 cm. Observation under the microscope showed the spindle-shaped tumor cells were sparsely distributed in a large amount of collagenized stroma with scattered lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration. Calcification or gravel formation was detected in all cases. The tumor cells in 9 cases expressed Vimentin, 3 cases expressed CD34, none of them expressed PDGFRA, SMA, SMMS-1, Desmin, ALK, DOG-1, CD117, S-100, β-catenin, CKpan and calponin; Ki-67 positive index was 1%-3%.Conclusions:Gastric CFT is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, which is characterized by gastric body with smaller volume. The diagnosis of gastric CFT mainly depends on pathological morphology and immunohistochemical examination. It needs to be differentiated from a variety of spindle cell tumors more commonly found in the stomach.
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Objective:To explore the clinical effect of total hip replacement with soft tissue release and true acetabulum reconstruction on treating osteoarthritis secondary to severe development dysplasia of the hip.Methods:From January 2005 to January 2011,23 hips in 21 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to Crowe Ⅲ development dysplasia of the hip underwent total hip arthroplasty with soft tissue release and true acetabulum reconstruction.There were 18 females and 3 males.The age was (45.1±13.2) years.Two patients underwent bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 19 cases underwent unilateral hip.The Harris hip score was 39.7±5.6.Results:The duration of follow up was (110±46) months.The symptoms of patients were relieved,and all the patients' femur head recovered to the true acetabulum after soft tissue released.Sciatic nerve paralysis occurred in one patient,who recovered after 3 months.All patients showed restoration of limb length,while the limb-length discrepancy was (11.0±3.5) mm.The postoperation Harris hip score was 87.2±5.9.Conclusion:Total hip arthroplasty with soft tissue release and true acetabulum reconstruction was an effective method in treating osteoarthritis secondary to Crowe Ⅲ development dysplasia of the hip and was a challenging work to the orthopedic surgeon.It was critical the surgeon to plan the operative intervention carefully.
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Objective To study the functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ), retinoic acid X receptor α (RXRα) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the carcinogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods The expressions of PPARγ, RXRα and COX-2 in 17 cases of normal cervical epithelium (NCE), 72 cases of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and 42 cases of cervical SCC were detected with immunohistochemical method respectively. Results The positive expression rates of PPARγ in the NCE, SIL and cervical SCC group were 23.5 % (4/17), 58.3 % (42/72) and 83.3 % (35/42) respectively; the positive expression rates of RXRα in the NCE, SIL and cervical SCC group were 29.4 %(5/17), 54.2 % (39/72) and 90.5 % (38/42) respectively. No significant expression of COX-2 was found in the NCE, while the positive expression rates of COX-2 in SIL and cervical SCC were 36.1 % (26/72) and 57.1 %(24/42) respectively. The positive expression rates of PPARγ, RXRαand COX-2 in high-grade SIL group were higher than those in low-grade SIL group (all P<0.05). In cervical SCC group, the positive expression rate of COX-2 with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis (χ2= 3.98, P= 0.04). Conclusion PPARγ, RXRαand COX-2 might be all involved in the carcinogenesis of SCC.
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Objective To develop a portable jet-flow device for preliminary debridement of wound mainly in battlefield,which can also be used for the treatment of nuclear or chemical weapon injury at wartime and peacetime.Methods The device was composed of a dynamic system,a servo system and consumable accessories,and developed based on a pneumaticpower scheme.Composite power unit free of dependence on electric power transferred the pneumatic power to three kinds of disinfectants through the four-way pipes.Results The device with easy operation consumed a few disinfectant and completed debridement within 30 minutes,with infection avoided effectively.Conclusion The device gains advantages in low weight,compact structure,function and low cost,and can be used for early debridement in field conditions.
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Objective To study the functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ), retinoic acid X receptor α (RXRα) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the carcinogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods The expressions of PPARγ, RXRα and COX-2 in 17 cases of normal cervical epithelium (NCE), 72 cases of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and 42 cases of cervical SCC were detected with immunohistochemical method respectively. Results The positive expression rates of PPARγ in the NCE, SIL and cervical SCC group were 23.5 % (4/17), 58.3 % (42/72) and 83.3 % (35/42) respectively; the positive expression rates of RXRα in the NCE, SIL and cervical SCC group were 29.4 %(5/17), 54.2 % (39/72) and 90.5 % (38/42) respectively. No significant expression of COX-2 was found in the NCE, while the positive expression rates of COX-2 in SIL and cervical SCC were 36.1 % (26/72) and 57.1 %(24/42) respectively. The positive expression rates of PPARγ, RXRαand COX-2 in high-grade SIL group were higher than those in low-grade SIL group (all P<0.05). In cervical SCC group, the positive expression rate of COX-2 with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis (χ2= 3.98, P= 0.04). Conclusion PPARγ, RXRαand COX-2 might be all involved in the carcinogenesis of SCC.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the difference of bone formation potential between hypertrophic nonunion tissue and atrophic nonunion tissue, which may be beneficial to nonunion therapy.@*METHODS@#From October 2010 to March 2014, 40 nonunion tissue samples were collected in Department of Orthopedics, Second Xiangya Hospital. The samples were divided into a hypertrophic nonunion group (n=20) and an atrophic nonunion group (n=20) according to nonunion character; or a 20 to 35 years old group (n=18), a 36 to 50 years old group (n=18), a more than 50 years old group (n=4) according to different ages; or a 9-12 months group (n=21), 13-24 months group (n=14) and a more than 24 months group (n=5) according to different nonunion time. Semi-quantification was performed by SP immunohistochemical method and IPP6.0 was used to analyze the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) through measuring the mean optical density.@*RESULTS@#The mean optical density of BMP-2 was 0.1540±0.0408 in hypertrophic nonunion tissue, 0.1372±0.0372 in atrophic nonunion tissue, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The mean optical density of BMP-2 was 0.1477±0.0379 in the 20 to 35 years old group, 0.1419±0.0399 in the 35 to 50 years old group, 0.1456±0.0595 in the more than 50 years old group, there was no significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). The mean optical density of BMP-2 was 0.1449±0.0366 in the 9-12 months group, 0.1472±0.0400 in the 13-24 months group, 0.1445±0.0541 in the more than 24 months group, there was no significant difference among the 3 groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The present results suggest that the hypertrophic nonunion tissue share similar osteogenic potential with the atrophic nonunion tissue.
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Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2 , Genética , Metabolismo , Consolidação da Fratura , Fraturas não Consolidadas , Genética , Metabolismo , OsteogêneseRESUMO
Objective:Recent studies have shown that in contrast to decrease in distal gastric adenocarcinoma (DGA), incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has increased noticeably in numerous counties. However, the reasons remain unclear. This study evaluated the possible differences in the expression of KLF4, SP1, and Cyclin D1 in AEG and DGA, and explored the potential carcinogenesis of AEG. Methods:Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues to evaluate the pu-tative differences in the expressions of KLF4, SP1, and Cyclin D1 at protein level between AEG (n=58) and DGA (n=47). The patholog-ical significance of these markers between the two groups was also compared and analyzed. Results:The percentage of positive KLF4 expression was significantly lower in DGA than in AEG (P<0.05). Lower KLF4 expression was found both in well-or moderately dif-ferentiated cases and in poorly differentiated cases with DGA compared with their AEG counterparts (P<0.05). However, positive stain-ing for SP1 was significantly higher in DGA (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the expression of Cyclin D1 between the two groups. Further analysis showed that in DGA, the positive expression of KLF4, SP1, and Cyclin D1 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. In AEG, only Cyclin D1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). No correlation was found among the expression of KLF4, SP1, and Cyclin D1 in AEG. In DGA, KLF4 was inversely correlated with SP1 and Cyclin D1 (r=-0.334 and r=-0.341, respectively, P<0.05), and SP1 was positively correlated with Cyclin D1 expression (r=0.340, P<0.05).Conclusion:Different expression patterns and clinicopathological significance of KLF4, SP1, and Cyclin D1 were observed between AEG and DGA, suggesting the putative difference in the carcinogenesis and progression of AEG and DGA.
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Objective:To explore the putative role of CD40 and COX-2 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and to analyze their possible relationship with angiogenesis in ESCC.Methods:The expression of CD40 and COX-2 was detected in 79 ESCC and 28 normal esophageal epithelial tissue samples with immunohistochemical staining.The microvessel density by CD34 was determined and the clinicopathological significance of CD40 and COX-2 expression in ESCC was analyzed.In addition,the expression of CD40 and COX-2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Eca109 and primary cultured normal esophageal epithelial cells in vivo was comparatively studied with immunocytochemical staining andWestern blot.Results:Compared with that in normal epithelial tissues,the expression of CD40 and COX-2 in ESCC was significantly higher(54.43%vs 10.71%:69.62%vs 17.86%:respectively,P<0.05).The positive expression rate of CD40 in ESCC cases with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in those without lymph node metastasis(70.37%vs 46.1 5%.P<0.05).No correlation was found between CD40 expression and patient age,sex,tumor location,size and differentiation of tumors.No clinicopathological significanca of COX-2 expression in ESCC was found.There was a positive correlation between CD40 expression and COX-2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(P<0.05,φ=0.446).The mean MVD value in ESCC was significantly higher than that in normal esophageal tissue(25.02±5.52 vs 12.09±4.55,P<0.05).MVD value in ESCC was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis.The mean MVD value in ESCC cases with positive CD40 and COX-2 expression was higher than that in those with negative CD40 and COX-2expression(26.37±6.02 vs 22.58±5.25.P<0.05).Western blot results showed that CD40 and COX-2 expression in Eca109 was higher than that in cultured normal esophageal epithelial cells (P<0.05).Conclusion:The expression of CD40 is involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.CD40 may play an important role in the angiogenesis of ESCC through promoting COX-2 expression.
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Objective To explore the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma cell line SNU in vitro. Methods SNU cells were treated with DON at different concentrations (50, 100, 1000, 2000 μg/L) for 12 hours, and then cells were harvested for cell apoptosis by flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 at protein level with FCM and Western blotting. Results FCM results showed that the apoptosis rates of SNU cells in DON treatment groups were all higher than that in control, especially in DON 1000 μg/L and 2000 μg/L groups (P<0.05). In the concentration range from 50 to 2000 μg/L, a significant concentration-depended response correlation could be found between apoptosis rate and DON concentration (r =0.940, P <0.01). FCM and Western blotting showed Bax and Caspase-3 expression in often SNU cells DON treatment for 12 hours were up-regulated while that of Bcl-2 was down-regulated. Conclusion DON can induce apoptosis of SNU cells in vitro in dose-dependent manner, and possible mechanisms of apoptosis induction effects may be up-regulation of the expression of Bax and down-regulation of that of Bcl-2 and activation of the key enzyme of apoptosis Caspase-3.
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Objective To investigate the expression and relationship of TIP30(HIV-1 Tat interactive protein 2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and MVD (detected by CD34) in the angiogenesis of human brain astrocytomas. Methods Expression of TIP30, VEGF and CD34 in 19 cases of normal brain tissue and 71 cases of astrocytoma were immunohistochemically examined with Elivision plus two-step method. Results The positive expression of TIP30 could be seen in cytoplasm of neuroglial cells and neurons of 19 normal brain tissues. The positive expression rate of TIP30 in 71 cases of astrocytoma was 33.80 % (24/ 71). The positive expression rate of TIP30 in astrocytoma of different grades was 52 % for grade Ⅱ, 34.78 % for grade Ⅲ and 13.04 % for grade Ⅳ. The positive expression rate of TIP30 in high grade (Ⅲ+Ⅳ) of astrocytoma was found significantly lower than that in low grade(Ⅱ) (χ2=5.71, P <0.05); The expression of VEGF and MVD detected by CD34 in astrocytomas were higher than that in normal brain tissue and increased as the tumor grade increased; In astrocytoma, the negtive correlation was found between the expression of TIP30 and VEGF (r=-0.428, P<0.05); no correlation was found between TIP30 and MVD(r=-0.065, P 0.05); the positive correlation was found between VEGF and MVD(r=0.684, P<0.01). Conclusion The positive expression rate of TIP30 in normal brain tissue is significantly higher than that in astrocytoma. The positive expression rate of TIP30 significantly decreases as the pathological grade of the astrocytoma increases; The expression of TIP30 and VEGF is negatively correlated in astrocytoma.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the ultrastructure change and cell apoptosis in the olfactory mucosa of rats suffering from chronic sinusitis, and aim to elucidate the possible mechanism and provide a novel concept of therapy approach to olfactory disease caused by chronic sinusitis.@*METHOD@#Light microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the ultrastructure changes in the olfactory mucosa of 20 rats suffering from chronic sinusitis and that in 20 cases of normal olfactory mucosa. By the method of TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling), we studied the apoptosis index (AI) in the olfactory mucosa of 20 rats suffering from chronic sinusitis and that in 20 cases of normal olfactory mucosa.@*RESULT@#(1) Observation by transmission electron microscope: In the olfactory epithelium of the rats group suffering from chronic sinusitis, the ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium showed some abnormal changes: Olfactory epithelium cells showed a variety of degeneration ornecrosis, the olfactory epithelium were quite disorganized. Supporting cell nuclei were oval, the nuclei of the cell aggregated as the plaque and fringe collection, the density of cytoplasm decreased. Surface microvillus of the olfactory cells reduced and disappeared, part of the karyolemma defected like morphology change about cell apoptosis. Inflammatory cells infiltrated. Basement membrane was exposed and cells were quite disorganized. Olfactory gland cells were prismatic, cell spaces were widen and secretion increased in the cavosurface. In the olfactory mucosa of normal group, the ultrastructure of olfactory epithelium showed some normal changes: Olfactory epithelium were quite regularity, supporting cells and olfactory cells were radial arrangement, basement membrane were integrated, the structure of olfactory gland were completed, microvirus were in richet in cavosurface and slight of serositim were in the cavosurface; (2) The apoptosis index (AI) in the olfactory epithelium of the rats group suffering from chronic sinusitis was higher than that in normal group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There is a ultrastructural change from the surface to the inner of olfactory mucosa in rats suffering from chronic sinusitis. There is notable apoptosis in the olfactory epithelium and propria lamina of rats suffering from chronic sinusitis.
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Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Apoptose , Doença Crônica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Mucosa Olfatória , Biologia Celular , Patologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sinusite , PatologiaRESUMO
Objective To study the inhibition effects on hepatoma cells growth by the anti-sense RNA targeting C-MYC binding site on regulation region of hTERT promoter.Methods The rAd virus which express anti-sense RNA complementary to the C-MYC binding site on regulation region of hTERT were constructed using the method of homologous recombination in bacteria cells.The apoptosis of HepG2.2.15 cells infected by rAd-asmycb was detected by the method of Annexin V-FITC/PI labeling,and the morphological changes were observed by electronic microscopy.TRAP-PCR-ELISA and RT-PCR were used to detecte the relative telomerase activity(RTA) and gene transcription at mRNA level of hTERT.Results Cell growth of HepG2.2.15 was retarded and about 40.7% tumor cells were lead to apoptosis.RTA of anti-sense RNA treated cells(1.175) was much lower than the control cells(4.200,P
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The education,as well as the fostering environment,of the basic medical college postgraduates has its strong "local features".Our college exerts the subject advantages,empha-sizes on the feature-fostering mode,and implements level-management(That is: college—teaching office—scientific research office).Management is centered on the daily fostering of the depart-ment,teaching office and scientific research office.With the target management as the guidance,we strengthen process management of different stages including the study of basic knowledge,topic-selection,topic opening,experiment research and thesis-writing while attaching importance to the behavioral management,consciousness of teamwork,spirit of commitment and devotion,foster and improve the comprehensive quality of communication ability,pursuit of truth etc.
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Objective To elucidate the features of the expression of P53,proliferation and apoptosis in gestational trophoblastic tumor(GTT).Methods Ten cases of normal placenta,10 cases of complete hydatidiform mole(CM),20 cases of invasive hydatidiform mole(IM)and 19 cases of choriocarcinoma(CCA)paraffin-embedded tissues were studied.P53 and PCNA were detected with immunohistochemistry,apoptosis was detected with terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results In NP,CM,IM and CCA,the P53 indexes(P53-Ⅰ)were 4.12%,21.68%,39.61% and 27.39% respectively with significant differences among them(P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Research was done on the possible roles of beta-catenin, p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the carcinogenesis of colorectal adenoma (CRA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>beta-catenin and p53 and PCNA expressions were studied with immunohistochemical stain in 77 specimens of CRA together with mild epithelial dysplasia (CRA-MD), CRA with moderate/severe epithelial dysplasia (CRA-D/SD) and CRA with cancerous changes (CRA-C).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of abnormal expression of beta-catenin increased during the transition from CRA-MD to CRA-D/SD to CRA-C (P < 0.01). The nuclear expressions of beta-catenin in CRA-D/SD and CRA-C were all significantly higher than that in CRA-MD. Expression of p53 and PCNA were increased from CRA-MD to CRA-D/SD to CRA-C, with the positive rates in these three groups of 10.3%, 43.8%, 75.0% for p53 and 17.2%, 62.5%, 87.5% for PCNA, respectively. 69.7% of cases with positive nuclear beta-catenin expression showed strong PCNA positivity which was much higher than the 36.4% of cases without nuclear beta-catenin expression (P < 0.05). The percentage of strong PCNA expression in the p53 positive cases was significant higher than that in cases with negative p53 expression (72.4% vs 37.5%, P < 0.05). Nuclear beta-catenin and p53 co-expression rates in CRA-C reached 50%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>beta-catenin, p53 and PCNA may play important roles in the carcinogenesis of colorectal adenoma.</p>
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Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias Colorretais , Diagnóstico , Metabolismo , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto , Imuno-Histoquímica , Prognóstico , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação , Transativadores , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , beta CateninaRESUMO
Objective To evaluate the effect of low-dose omeprazole in the treatment of functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods A total of 260 FD patients were diagnosed clearly and divided into two groups randomly:148 cases(observation group)were treated with low-dose omeprazole(10 mg/d),while 112 cases(control group)were treated with esomeprazole(20 mg/d)and domperidone(each 10 mg,three times per day).Two groups were all treated for 2 weeks.The clinical symptoms such as heartburn,postprandial distenstion,epigastric pain and eructation were observed.Results Compared with symptoms in two groups before treatment,the scores of heartburn and epigastric pain were decreased evidently after treatment in two groups(P
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0.05). Conclusions:Compared with normal esophageal mucosa, the expression of HSP27 mRNA in esophageal squamous carcinoma and mucosa with atypical hyperplasia was markedly decreased.This indicated that the expression of HSP27 mRNA to a greater or less extent lost in the carcinogenesis and development of esophageal squamous carcinoma. To up-regulate the expression of HSP27 mRNA in esophageal squamous carcinoma may be a very effective biological therapy.
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Objective: Expression of Bcl\|2 and Bax oncoproteins was tested in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in order to find the relationship between the two genes and LSCC, and to explrore their clinical significance by retrospectively study of pathological and clinical doouments. Methods: Immunohistochemical S\|P method was emioyed in testing the expression of Bcl\|2 and Bax oncoproteins in 74 patients with LSCC, 24 laryngeal atypical hyperplasis (LAH) and 24 laryngeal normal membrane (LNM). Results: Bcl\|2 oncoprotein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm of epithelium cells and a small part of cell membrances were stained, appearing brow or yellow, granular distribution.There were no expression in the cell nuclear and stroma. Bax oncoprotein was expressed in cytoplasm and cell membrane and there were a little expression in stroma, appearing light brown and yellow, granular distribution. Bax was less stained than Bcl\|2. The positive expression percentages of Bcl\|2 oncoprotein in LSCC, LAH, LNM tissues were 59.46%,66.67% and 20.83% respectively. The Bcl\|2 expressions in LSCC, LAH tissues were significantly higher than that in LNM (P＜0.05); The positive expression percentages of Bax oncoprotein in these three groups were 56.76%, 50.0% and 66.67% respectively which were no significant difference. The results of Spearman correlated analysis showed that expression of Bcl\|2 and Bax oncoproteins had no obvious correlations with pathological grade, clinical stage and metastasis of lymph node. Both were correlated only with smoking. Conclusions: The imbalance of Bcl\|2/Bax mainly induced by the high expression of Bcl\|2 oncoprotein played an important role in the development of LSCC and LAH, Bcl\|2 may act as a reference index in judging the biological speciality of LSCC; Expressions of Bcl\|2 and Bax oncoprotein had obvious corelation with smoking in LSCC, indicating Bcl\|2 and Bax genes may be a target of carcinogenic substance in tobacco; Expression of Bcl\|2 oncoprotein was blocked may be an important part in studying gene therapy for the future.
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AIM: To explore the effects of riboflavin and ascorbic acid on the apoptosis induced by deoxynivalenol(DON) in mouse thymocytes. METHODS: The effects of riboflavin and ascorbic acid on the apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of thymocytes induced by DON in KM mice were studied with animal experiment, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometric DNA content analysis. RESULTS: Apoptosis rate of thymocytes in DON (4 mg/kg) treated group was 13 73%?1 53% The percentages of apoptosis in riboflavin (1 25 mg/kg-10 mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (25 mg/kg-100 mg/kg) pretreated thymocytes groups were significantly lower than that in DON group ( P
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AIM: To explore the effect of deoxynivalenol on apoptosis and proliferation of mouse thymocytes in vivo. METHODS: Effect of deoxynivalenol at different concentrations on apoptosis and proliferation of mouse thymocytes in vivo were studied with animal experiment, electron microscopic observation, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometric analyses. RESULTS: FCM analysis showed that the apoptosis rates of the thymocytes in DON groups (0 5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg) were significantly higher than that in control ( P