Susceptibility weighted imaging of superficial cerebellar veins / 解剖学报

[Abstract] ObjectVisualizing the superficial cerebellar vein and its tributaries on suscepxibility weighted imaging (SWI), and to construct superficial cerebellar vein network. Methods According to the inclusion criteria, 80 healthy volunteers (40 males and 40 females) were selected for 3. 0 T MRI scans to obtain conventional sequence cross-section, sagittal tomographic images, and SWI image data. Post-processing was performed on the Extended MR workspace 2. 6. 3. 4 image workstation to reconstruct minimum intensity projection(mIP) images. SPSS 21. 0 statistical software was used to analyze and process each data, and the diameter measurement result were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results Both SWI and mIP could image the structures of the cerebellum and its veins. The cerebellar veins were divided into deep and superficial parts. The superficial cerebellar veins were divided into two groups: the vermis and the cerebellar hemispheres. The superficial vein of the cerebellar vermis consisted of superior vermis vein [diameter: (1. 21±0. 24)mm, occurrence rate: 92. 16%], summit vein [ diameter: (0. 66 ± 0. 05) mm, occurrence rate: 95%], mountain vein [diameter: (0. 76±0. 03)mm, occurrence rate: 100%], inferior vermis vein [diameter: (1. 40±0. 27)mm, occurrence rate: 99. 02%]. The superficial cerebellar hemisphere vein consists of anterior superior cerebellar vein [diameter: (1. 09± 0. 12)mm, occurrence rate: 100%], posterior superior cerebellar vein [diameter: (0. 88±0. 13) mm, occurrence rate: 70%], anterior inferior cerebellar vein [ diameter: (1. 34 ± 0. 15) mm, occurrence rate: 100%], posterior inferior cerebellar vein [ diameter: (1. 11 ± 0. 09) mm, occurrence rate: 92. 5%]. The deep veins were divided into cerebellomesencephalic fissure group, cerebellopontine fissure group, and cerebellomedullary fissure group. Conclusion SWI can display the microstructure and venules of the cerebellum, and can construct a network of superficial cerebellar veins.

Factors influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis of local COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province from December 9, 2021 to January 20, 2022, and analyze the factors influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis. 【Methods】 We collected the data of local COVID-19 cases from December 9, 2021 to January 20, 2022 published on the official website of Health Commission of Shaanxi Province. Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the differences between groups. The unconditional Logistic regression model was applied to analyze the factors influencing the interval between isolation and diagnosis. 【Results】 The outbreak of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province started on December 9, 2021 and ended on January 20, 2022. The overall change trend of the outbreak showed an "inverted V" shape. A total of 2,080 confirmed local cases were reported, and the main type of disease was mild, with an incidence rate of 5.26/100,000. Xi’an had the most cases, accounting for 98.69% of the total. The reported cases were mainly concentrated in people aged 21 to 55 years old, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.19∶1. The median interval from isolation to diagnosis was 3 days, the shortest interval being 0 day and the longest interval being 21 days. Unconditional Logistic regression model analysis showed that the way of finding cases was the factor influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis. Compared with the way of isolation of the key population, the way of the nucleic acid screening could reduce the risk of late detection of confirmed cases by 89% (OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.07-0.16). 【Conclusion】 The way of finding cases is the factor influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis. In the face of the recent intensification of the spread of Omicron variant in mainland China, accurate and rapid identification and detection of confirmed cases can not only reduce the risk of the spread of the epidemic, but also endeavor more time and initiative for the treatment of patients, which is the key to curbing the spread of the epidemic.

Preliminary Exploration of Integrating Narrative Medicine into General Practice Education / 中国医学伦理学

In the context of a healthy China, strengthening humanistic literacy education for general medical students reflects the demands of the times, promotes the transformation of medical models, and has important practical significance in reducing the work burnout of general practitioners in practice. Integrating narrative medicine into general practice student education is conducive to implement the patient-centered concept of general practice, provide continuous and systematic medical services, and further improve the humanistic literacy of general practitioners. Based on these, this paper proposed the relevant paths of integrating narrative medicine into student education in general medicine, including changing educational concepts and integrating educational resources, boldly carrying out curriculum reforms and innovating educational methods, fully utilizing parallel medical records and reflective writing, as well as cultivating the habit of lifelong learning.

A case-control analysis of perineal hematoma and its risk factors in pregnant women undergoing vaginal delivery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To provide data support for preventing its occurrence and developing scientific and effective nursing intervention by investigating the situation and risk factors of perineal hematoma in pregnant women undergoing vaginal delivery through retrospective case-control study.Methods:A total of 102 parturients who had perineal hematoma during vaginal delivery in Shanghai Maternity and Infant Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University were selected as the hematoma group, from October 2018 to March 2020, and case control study ( n=204) was performed in the ratio of 1∶2. 24 possible influencing factors were determined by literature review and expert consultation and the data were collected retrospectively by clinicopathology. Single factor analysis, t test, Chi-square test and Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors related to perineal hematoma, and to explore potential risk factors of perineal hematoma. Results:From October 2018 to March 2020, there were 18 292 cases of vaginal delivery, including 102 cases of perineal hematoma, with an incidence of 0.56%. Single factor analysis showed 10 risk factors pertinent to perineal hematoma were selected ( t/ χ2 values were -4.51 to 31.79, all P<0.05); and multiple Logistic regression analysis showed the risk factors of perineal hematoma in vaginal delivery were old puerperal ( OR=7.53, P<0.05) and perineal edema ( OR=3.10, P<0.05), and the protective factors were free position delivery ( OR=0.35, P<0.05) and concomitant delivery ( OR=0.31, P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of perineal hematoma is relatively high in pregnant women undergoing vaginal delivery, usually occurrs on the right side of the perineal vagina and within 2 hours after delivery. Clinically, it is necessary to actively promote quality nursing services at midwifery to reduce the incidence of perineal hematoma.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Yishen Shengjing Prescription in Treatment of Oligoasthenospermia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of Yishen Shengjing Prescription （YSP） in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia in rats. MethodThe oligoasthenospermia rat model was established by injection with cyclophosphamide （35 mg·kg-1·d-1） for 5 consecutive days. Rats were randomly assigned into control group （without treating with cyclophosphamide）， model group， low- （YSP-L）， medium- （YSP-M）， and high- （YSP-H） dose （2.91， 5.83， and 11.66 g·kg-1， respectively） groups， Wuzi Yanzongwan （WYW， 1.03 g·kg-1） group， and L-carnitine （0.17 g·kg-1） group， with 8 rats in each group. After 28 days of drug intervention， the body weight， testicular weight， and testicular index of rats were recorded. The sperm quality in epididymis was detected by computer-assisted sperm analysis （CASA） system. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was employed for observation of testicular tissue morphology. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in testicular tissue were detected by colorimetry. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and testosterone （T） in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） was employed to detect the apoptosis of testicular cells. The protein levels of B cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2）， Bax， and cleaved Caspase-3 in testicular tissue were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed decreased body weight， testicular weight and index， sperm concentration and motility （P<0.01） and increased testicular pathological score （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the YSP-M， YSP-H， WYW， and L-carnitine groups showed increased body weight， testicular weight， testicular index， sperm concentration and motility and decreased testicular pathological score. After modeling， the SOD level decreased （P<0.01） while the MDA content increased （P<0.01） in the testicular tissue. YSP-H， WYW， and L-carnitine reversed the SOD and MDA level changes caused by modeling. Compared with the control group， the model group exhibited declined T level （P<0.01） and increased FSH and LH levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， YSP， WYW， and L-carnitine increased the T level （P<0.01） and decreased the LH level （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells in the model group was higher than that in the control group （P<0.01）， whereas YSP-M， WYW， and L-carnitine reversed such changes （P<0.01）. The model group rats showed decreased expression of Bcl-2（P<0.05） and increased expression of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared the model group， YSP-M， YSP-H， WYW， and L-carnitine up-regulated the Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated the cleaved Caspase-3 expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionYSP improved the sperm quality of oligoasthenospermia model rats by regulating the antioxidant system and sex hormone levels and inhibiting the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.

Literature Study on Current Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Based on PubMed and Web of Science Databases / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To review and summarize the current research status of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） for the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis（CAG），provide references and hints for relevant studies，and contribute to the further understanding of TCM and the application of TCM in the treatment of CAG with scientific evidence. Method:The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature on the treatment of CAG with TCM from their establishment to August 31，2020. Eligible randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and animal studies were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria，and then the information of the included studies was extracted，summarized，and organized for further analysis. Result:A total of 4 RCTs and 21 animal studies （including 13 papers on compound studies，3 papers on single herb studies，and 5 papers on monomer studies） about TCM treatment for CAG were included in this study. RCTs showed that TCM could work well in improving the pathological state of gastric mucosa and clinical symptoms in patients. However，there were problems of low study quality，and non-uniform diagnostic criteria for gastric mucosal pathology and clinical efficiency evaluation. Animal experiments mainly focused on the study of drug mechanism exploration，and their results showed that TCM treatment of CAG was characterized by multi-target action. However，the animal experiments also had some problems such as inconsistence of CAG animal model establishment，positive drug selection，drug intervention methods as well as intervention cycles among different experiments. Conclusion:The efficacy of TCM in the treatment of CAG has gradually gained global recognition，but there is still a need for further standardization and unification of research methods. In the future，high-quality clinical trials and standardized animal experiments are still needed to conduct in-depth studies on the time for intervention，intervention methods，active ingredients and mechanisms of TCM，so as to make contributions to the full understanding and application of TCM in the treatment of CAG.

Analgesic Effect and Action Mechanisms of Wenjing Zhitong Prescription on Primary Dysmenorrhea / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the analgesic effects of Wenjing Zhitong prescription （WZP） and explore its possible analgesic mechanisms so as to provide experimental basis for research and development of new Chinese medicine. Method:Analgesic effects of WZP were evaluated by observing the writhing latency and number in the writhing models which were induced by oxytocin in rats as well as those induced by acetic acid and prostaglandin E₁ （PGE₁）， respectively in mice. Effect of WZP on uterine contraction frequency， amplitude and activity were evaluated by observing the oxytocin-induced contraction of uterine smooth muscle in rats and rabbits <italic>in vivo</italic>. In the oxytocin-induced rat writhing models， the content of prostaglandin F₂<italic>_α</italic>（PGF₂<italic>_α</italic>） and prostaglandin E₂（PGE₂） in rat uterine tissues and the content of beta-endorphins （<italic>β</italic>-EP） in rat serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Expression of estrogen receptor （ER） and oxytocin receptor （OTR） in rat uterine were tested by Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） method to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of WZP for its analgesic effect. Result:Results of analgesic effect showed that in oxytocin-induced rat writhing experiment， the number of writhing responses in both the WZP （1.5，3.0 g·kg^-1） group was lower than than in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. In acetic acid-induced mice writhing experiment， the latency of writhing response in WZP （6.0 g·kg^-1） group was significantly prolonged as compared with that in model group <italic>（P</italic><0.01）， and the number of writhing response was significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. In PGE₁-induced mice writhing model， the writhing number in WZP （1.5，3.0，6.0 g·kg^-1） groups was significantly lower than that in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Results of effect on uterine smooth muscle demonstrated that WZP （0.38，0.75，1.50 g·kg^-1） could significantly reduce the frequency of uterine smooth muscle contraction in rabbits （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， WZP （0.75，1.50，3.00 g·kg^-1） could significantly reduce the contractile amplitude and activity of smooth muscle in the uterus of rats （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Results of molecular mechanisms of analgesic effects showed that the WZP （0.75，1.50，3.00 g·kg^-1） significantly reduced the content of PGF₂<italic>_α</italic> and the ratio of PGF₂<italic>_α</italic> to PGE₂ in the uterine tissue of rats （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In the WZP （3.00 g·kg^-1） group， the levels of <italic>β</italic>-EP in the serum of rats were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the levels of OTR in uterus of rats in the WZP （1.50，3.00 g·kg^-1） group were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Pharmacological studies demonstrated potent analgesic effect of WZP， and such analgesic effect were mediated by significantly inhibiting contraction of uterine smooth muscle， decreasing the contents of PGF₂<italic>_α </italic>and ratio of PGF₂<italic>_α</italic>/PGE₂， reducing OTR expression in uterine as well as increasing the amount of <italic>β</italic>-EP in serum.

Susceptibility weighted imaging of the veins around foramen of monro / 解剖学报

Objective To image the veins around the foramen of monro (FM), to build the 3D model of them, to construct venous network in this area and to explore the spatial positional correlation between FM and veins around it. Methods Totally 60 healthy subjects were selected to get the original images on 3. 0 T MR and procesed the original images by minimum intensity projections (mIP) and Materialise’ s interactive medical image control system (Mimics), built the 3D model of the veins around FM, observed and analyzed the morphology of FM and the veins around it on original and processed images. Results The displaying rate of FM was 65% (78 sides), the displaying rate of internal cerebellar veins (ICV) was 100% (120 sides), the diameter was (2. 13±0. 30) mm. The displaying rate of anterior septal vein (ASV) was 100% (120 sides), the diameter was(0. 69±0. 19)mm. The displaying rate of superior thalamostriate vein (STV) was 98. 3% (118 sides), the diameter was (1. 47± 0. 38) mm. The displaying rate of superior choroidal vein (SCV) was 82. 5% (99 sides), the diameter was(0. 40±0. 18)mm. According to the relationship between the converging point of the tributaries of ICV and the location of FM, FMs were classified into 5 types:ⅠA, 24. 2% (29 sides), ASV converged into ICV at the venous angle and closed to the posterior edge of FM; ⅠB, 13. 3% (16 sides), ASV converged into ICV away from the venous angle and the posterior edge of FM; ⅡA, 45% (54 sides), ASV converged into ICV at the false venous angle and closed to the posterior edge of FM; ⅡB, 15. 8% (19 sides), ASV converged into ICV away form the false venous angle and the posterior edge of FM. Ⅲ, 1. 7% (2 sides), STV was absent. Conclusion FM and the veins around it are visible on the susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI). It can be constructed by Mimics that the 3D model of ICV, its tributaries, FM and the converging points of the major veins. The classification of FMs is meaningful to the option of surgical approaches through FM.

Preliminary study on ecological environment and biological resources of Qinba areas / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

The Qinba areas, located in the Central China, represent 317000 km2, cover 6 provinces. The major mountain of Qinba areas, the Qinling, separates China North and South. This region is one of the areas with the most bio?diversity and ecological importance in China and globally, and considered as natural gene bank and bio-resource bank. Qinba mountain areas, together with the Alps in Europe and the Rocky Mountains in North America, are known as the"Three sisters of the earth"by the geological and biological circles. Most of the lands in this region are protected as national park, natural reserve, water resource protection area, etc. These areas have well preserved ecosystem and breeding and habitat area for many endangered species of plants and animals, inculding Panda. In this region, there are more than 4000 species of higher plants, about 2000 species of medicinal plants and animals, 200 species of wild ornamental plants and 180 species of economic fungi with edible and medicinal value in those areas. Medicinal plant cultivation, eco-agricul?ture and ecotourism are the major industries in this region. The State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinba Areas, located in Hanzhong, the central city of Qinba, is focusing on pan-regional biological resources research and rational utilization, ecological protection, and comprehensive and coordinated regional development.

Herba Epimedii's biotransformation in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and faecal fermentation systems / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Epimedium is rich in a variety of beneficial active ingredients, and has been widely used in the ethnopharmacological practices, however, its biotransformation in gastrointestinal digestions remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of components and biological activity of Epimedium in the in vitro simu? lated digestion and subsequent human faecal fermentation. METHODS The models of in vitro simulated saliva, gastric and intestinal digestion, as well as colonic fermentation were constructed to simulate the digestion process of Epimedium. The dynamic changes of components of Epimedium during the simulated digestions in vitro and subsequent human faecal fermentation were investigated by UPLC-MS, HPLC-DAD combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and multi-ingredient quantitative analysis. RESULTS A variety of metabolites with high contents were produced after 0.5 h of intestinal digestion and colonic fermentation 0.5 h. Application of PCA to HPLC data showed the obvious separation of colonic fermentation 0.5 h stage samples from other colonic fermentation stages samples (24, 48 and 72 h). Addition? ally, non-digestion and saliva digestion stage samples clustered together, and there was obvious separation between intestinal digestion samples and gastric digestion samples. The contents of epimedium C, icariin and baohuside I all increased significantly after intestinal digestion [58.70 ± 7.08, 47.15 ± 5.68 and (12.78 ± 0.55) mg · g-1] compared with gastric digestion [29.00 ± 5.65, 17.40 ± 4.55 and (2.77 ± 0.19) mg·g-1]. There were significant differences between sample after 0.5 h of colonic fermentation [64.22 ± 9.32, 51.26 ± 6.33 and (16.68 ± 3.19) mg·g-1] and other time points (24, 48 and 72 h) in components and the contents of active ingredient, and the content of these components all decreased with the fermentation time. The ability of scavenging ABTS free radicals [IC50=(0.29 ± 0.02) g · L-1] increased significantly compared with gastric digestion [(1.57 ± 0.02) g·L-1], and after 0.5 h of colonic fermentation, the ability also increased significantly. CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal digestion had a significant impact on the contents of active components in Epimedium, and the metabolism of these components mainly occurred in the colon. The intestinal digestion and colonic fermentation significantly improved the anti-ABTS activity of epimedium.

Survey of sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of junior high school students: based on comprehensive sexuality education / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand junior high school students’ sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors,as well as acess to sexual knowledge and related influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the practice of sexuality education.@*Methods@#Using stratified cluster sampling method, 7 341 junior high school students were selected from Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Henan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang and Beijing, and self-compiled questionnaires were used.@*Results@#Junior high school students scored (61.71±18.79) in sexual knowledge, with pass rate and excellent rate being 59.02% and 18.53%. The attitudes towards LGBT was (65.44±20.01), the attitudes towards sexual and healthy behaviors was (67.04±49.23), and the attitudes towards sexual relations and behaviors was (70.75±10.46). Students had intimacy needs and sexual behaviors (18.70%), and some had such behaviors as kissing (13.80%), touching sensitive parts (6.70%) and sexual intercourse (2.20%). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that students’ sexual knowledge was related to region, grade and school-based sexuality education (OR=2.11,P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Junior high school students have sexual needs and behaviors, but their sexual knowledge is not sufficient; there are differences in sexual knowledge and attitudes of junior high school students across region,grade and gender; schools should promote school-based sexuality education for junior high school students’ sexual health.

Surgical choice of posterior osteotomy way for senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture with kyphosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the surgical choice of posterior osteotomy way by the observation of clinical outcome of Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and vertebral column re-section (VCR) for senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture with kyphosis.@*METHODS@#From June 2015 to August 2017, an amount of 8 elderly patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis caused by osteoporotic vertebral fracture underwent osteotomy approach for posterior osteotomy. All patients were old osteoporotic vertebral fracture more than 6 months and received invalid conservative treatment for 3 months including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, anti-osteoporosis drugs and acupuncture, etc. There were 3 males and 5 females, with an average age of 73.4 years (66 to 83 years), with an average course of the disease of 34.6 months (8 to 60 months). Eight patients had a total of 8 vertebral fractures, and fracture segment was in T of 1 case, T of 1 case, T of 3 cases, L of 2 cases, L of 1 case. Eight patients showed kyphosis caused by wedge deformation of single segmental vertebral fractures. The thoracolumbar kyphosis and symptoms were progressively developing into central sagittal imbalance. SPO osteotomy was performed in 3 cases, PSO osteotomy in 3 cases, and VCR osteotomy in 2 cases. Orthopaedic effects were analyzed by imaging measurements, including pre- and post-operative kyphosis Cobb angle, localized kyphosis (LK), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral tilt angle (ST) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate the pain and lumbar function.@*RESULTS@#All the eight patients were followed up from 8 to 24 months with an average of 13.5 months and all the symptoms of low back pain have significantly reduced or disappeared. The VAS score decreased from 5-8 points (mean 6.5 points) before surgery to 1-4 points (mean 1.88 points) at the final follow-up, and the score was significantly improved. The ODI score decreased from 36-78 points (mean 60.25 points) before surgery to 10-32 points (mean 20.38 points) at the final follow-up, and the functional score improved significantly. During the follow-up period, X-ray examination showed that some patients had a slight decrease in the height of the intervertebral fusion, and the bone graft was healed. There was no obvious corrected degree loss and internal fixation loosening, and the thoracolumbar kyphosis was significantly improved. The mean Cobb angle of T-L was reduced from 25.3° to 2.8° with corrected rate of 89.3% ; LK was reduced from 43.4° to 7.1° with corrected rate of 86.2% ; TK was reduced from 49.9° to 30.6°, LL was reduced from 43.6° to 30.8°, and ST was changed from 24.0° to 32.1°, SVA was changed from 6.23 cm to 2.40 cm.@*CONCLUSION@#For the different pathological features and deformities of senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture combined with kyphosis, SPO, PSO or VCR can achieve good orthopedic effect and clinical efficacy.

Regulatory Effect of Yangxue Jiedu Decoction on Tight Junction of Keratinocytes in Psoriasis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To observe the expressions of tight junction proteins (claduin-1, claudin-7 occludin)of psoriasis-like lesions in mice, and clarify the effect of Yangxue Jiedu decoction on the epidermal barrier of psoriasis, so as to provide scientific basis for the treatment of psoriasis with Yangxue Jiedu decoction. Method::C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, methotrexate group and Yangxue Jiedu decoction.Methotrexate solution and water decoction of Yangxue Jiedu decoction were prepared, and the mice were given imiquimot to induce psoriasis-skin lesions after the hair was shaved.Daily photos were taken to record the forms of skin lesions and psoriasis area and severity index(PASI) scores.Water and oil test pens were used to detect skin moisture content. The pathological changes were observed by htoxylin eosin (HE) staining, and the epidermal thickness was measured.Ki67 was detected by immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of loricrin, CD3+ T lymphocyte infiltration and claduin-1, claudin-7, occludin.In addition, the expressions of claudin-7 and occludin in skin lesions were detected by Western blot.Meanwhile, interleukin-17(IL-17) (1 mg·L-1) was used to simulate the microenvironment of psoriasis skin lesions, and the intervention was conducted by making Yangxue component, Jiedu component and Yangxue Jiedu dry powder.The toxicity of the drug on Hacat cells was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method.The effect of the drugs on the expressions of claudin-1, claudin-7, occludin in Hacat was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Result::Yangxue Jiedu decoction could significantly reduce the psoriasis skin lesions in mice, and reduce the PASI score and skin thickness (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the skin moisture content in the lesion was increased (P<0.01). Abnormal expressions of ki67 and loricrin in epidermis and infiltration of CD3+ T cells were reduced (P<0.01). In addition, the expressions of claudin-1, claudin-7, occludin proteins (P<0.05), and the integrity of the tight junction structure were increased.In vitro studies, compared with the model group, the expressions of claudin-1, claudin-7, and occludin in the Yangxue Jiedu group and Yangxue group were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, there was no statistically significant difference in protein expression in the Jiedu group. Conclusion::By regulating the expressions of tight junction proteins between keratinocytes, Yangxue Jiedu decoction can inhibit the abnormal proliferation and differentiation, and further restore the broken epidermal barrier.Yangxue Jiedu decoction plays a role in regulating tight junction mainly through Yangxue component.

Research Status on Animal Models for Melasma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Melasma， as a kind of melanosis， often occurs over the face of young and middle-aged women， which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. At present， it is believed that the occurrence of melasma is related to various factors such as ultraviolet radiation and changes in sex hormone levels in the body. However， the exact pathogenesis of melasma is still unclear and its clinical efficacy is not ideal. Therefore， it is of great clinical significance and social value to carry out basic researches on melasma diseases. Among them， the animal model of melasma acts as an important tool for studying melasma， and it is particularly important to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of the occurrence and development of melasma. The common modeling methods include ultraviolet modeling， progesterone modeling and ultraviolet combined with progesterone modeling. However， there are still some problems in the practical application of animal models of melasma due to many influencing factors in the preparation of such animal models， and there is still a lack of a more complete and recognized model preparation scheme to this day， which reduces the success rate of model preparation and limits its application and popularization to some extent. In view of the key problems in the establishment and application of animal models of melasma， we comprehensively summarized the research status of the models from such aspects as experimental animals， modeling methods and model evaluation， and discussed the effects of different modeling methods and animal species， animal age and other factors on animal model of melasma by referring to and sorting out the recent literatures at home and abroad in recent years. This is to provide references for the preparation of more scientific， reasonable， economic and convenient animal models of melasma， lay a foundation for in-depth researches on the pathogenesis， prevention and treatment of melasma， and also provide reference for other animal model research.

Cerebellar dentate nucleus and its veins on susceptibility weighted imaging / 解剖学报

Objective Make use of image dentate nucleus and the veins around it on susceptibility weighted images (SWI), explore the correlation between the location of hilum of dentate nucleus and the venous variation of dentate nucleus. Methods Selecting 51 healthy adults (24 men, 27 women) at the age between 18 and 30 years old to get the original images on 3. 0T MR. Process the original images by minimum intensity projections (mIP) observed and analyzed the morphology of dentate nucleus and veins around it on original and processed images. Results The length of dentate nucleus was (16. 64±0. 20)mm, and the width was (8. 36±0. 14)mm. There was no significant difference between bilateral dentate nucleus. The median angle of the long axis of the dentate nucleus was 26. 80° (interquartile distance was 34. 58°). The venous network of dentate nucleus was formed in 2 groups of veins: the lateral group, drained by the vein of the horizontal fissure and nuclear vein; the medial group, drained by vermian vein and central vein of dentate nucleus. These two groups had been further typing as follows: the lateral anterior group drained by the nuclear vein, finally opening to superior petrosal sinus; the lateral median group had plenty of small veins of lateral dentate nucleus converge into the vein of the horizontal fissure; the lateral posterior group drained by a lot of very small veins converging to vermian veins or medullary veins; the medial anterior group that the central vein of dentate nucleus and the paravermian vein were jointed at hilum of dentate nucleus, opening into straight sinus; the medial posterior group usually converged into tributaries of vermian vein, or converged with paravermian vein into tributaries of vermian vein. Totally 75. 49% of hilums of dentate nucleus were located at upper inner quadrant, the other 24. 51% of them were located at lower inner quadrant. Conclusion Dentate nucleus and its veins are clearly visible on the susceptibility weighted images, and the location of the hilum of dentate nucleus may be related to the abouchement of paravermian vein.

Role of circRNA as biomarkers in the development and prognosis of colorectal cancer / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# 结直肠癌（colorectal cancer，CRC）是常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤之一，其发病率和病死率处于各类肿瘤的第3位。环状 RNA（circular RNA，circRNA）是一种新型长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA，lncRNA），早期被当作剪切过程中的副产物且 无生物学意义和功能。近年来研究发现，环状RNA不具有5’末端和3’末端的闭合环状，其结构较其他非编码RNA稳定，能作为 RNA的海绵体以及调控剪切和转录，也能影响蛋白质以及核糖体，参与肿瘤的发生、发展和预后，在肿瘤的早期诊断、分型和分期 中也具有一定的潜能。随着研究的深入，环状RNA在肿瘤组织的差异表达与CRC的发生、发展以及预后存在密切的关系， 为 CRC的诊断、治疗及预后提供了可观的发展前景。本文对环状RNA作为CRC生物标志物近年来的研究进展作一综述。

Fumigaclavine C attenuates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and ameliorates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Fumigaclavine C (FC), an active indole alkaloid, is obtained from endophytic Aspergillus terreus (strain No. FC118) by the root of Rhizophora stylosa (Rhizophoraceae). This study is designed to evaluate whether FC has anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and whether it ameliorates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. FC notably increased the levels of glycerol in the culture supernatants and markedly reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. FC differentially inhibited the expressions of adipogenesis-related genes, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor proteins, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. FC markedly reduced the expressions of lipid synthesis-related genes, such as the fatty acid binding protein, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, FC significantly increased the expressions of lipolysis-related genes, such as the hormone-sensitive lipase, Aquaporin-7, and adipose triglyceride lipase. In HFD-induced obese mice, intraperitoneal injections of FC decreased both the body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight. FC administration significantly reduced lipid accumulation. Moreover, FC could dose-dependently and differentially regulate the expressions of lipid metabolism-related transcription factors. All these data indicated that FC exhibited anti-obesity effects through modulating adipogenesis and lipolysis.

The effects of light exposure on skeletal muscle wasting in rats with endotoxemia / 医学研究生学报

Objective Constant light exposure can lead to hypercatabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different light rhythm on skeletal muscle metabolism in endotoxemia rats, and looked for the optimal light rhythm that could reduce skeletal muscle consumption and enhance the recovery of patients with sepsis. Methods 54 adult male S-D rats were randomly divided into 3 groups on average：Control group (intraperitoneal injection of normal saline +12h/12h light-dark cycle for 7 days), LPS- regular light group (intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) +12h/12h light-dark cycle for 7 days) and LPS-constant light group (intraperitoneal injection of LPS + constant light for 7 days). All experimental animals were sacrificed on the 8th day. The level of skeletal muscle metabolites 3-methylhistidine (3-mh) and tyrosine, atrophy genes MAFbx and murf-1 mRNA and hypothalamic clock genes BMAL1, CLOCK and neuropeptide POMC were also detected. Results The food intake, weight growth ratio and the ratio of extensor digitorum longus/weight in the LPS-constant light group were significantly lower than those in the LPS-regular light group (P <0.05), and both groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). The skeletal muscle metabolites 3-methylhistidine(nmol/g) and tyrosine(nmol/g) in the LPS-constant light group rats (6.200±0.273 and 461.039±13.292) were significantly higher than those in the LPS- regular light group (5.197±0.263 and 375.744±20.308) and the control group (3.244±0.275 and 290.935±19.065,all P <0.05). The expression levels of atrophic genes MAFbx and murf-1 mRNA and tnf-alpha and il-1 mRNA in hypothalamus in the LPS-constant light group were significantly higher than those in the LPS- regular light group(P <0.05), and both groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The expression of the clock genes(BMAL1 and CLOCK) in the showed obvious rhythm (SE (A) /A<0.3) in the LPS-regular light group and the control group. The expression of BMAL1 was highest at the beginning of the illumination period, while the expression of CLOCK was high during the illumination period and decreased during the darkness period. In the LPS-constant light group, the expression of BMAL1 and CLOCK rhythm lost rhythm. Conclusion Normal light rhythm can maintain the normal rhythm expression of hypothalamic clock gene in rats with endotoxemia and reduce POMC-mediated skeletal muscle consumption, which may be of positive significance for the enhanced recovery of sepsis.

Generation and phenotype analysis of zebrafish mutations of obesity-related genes lepr and mc4r / 生理学报

Obesity has become a severe public health problem across the world, and seriously affects the health and life quality of human beings. Here we generated lepr and mc4r mutant zebrafish via the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, and performed morphological and functional characterizations of those mutants. We observed that there was no significant phenotypic difference between homozygous mutants and wild-type controls before 2.5 months post-fertilization (mpf). However, the adult leprand mc4rindividuals displayed increased food intake, heavier weight, and higher body fat percentage, the characteristics of obesity phenotypes. Blood glucose test showed that overfeeding induced significantly impaired glucose tolerance in adult leprand mc4rzebrafish. Furthermore, we analyzed 76 energy metabolism-related transcripts in leprand mc4rzebrafish livers by using real-time RT-PCR, and compared the results with the published microarray data of Lepmouse livers, and found that the changes in the expression of insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) pathway genes in leprzebrafish and Lepmouse were positively correlated, suggesting that the IIS pathway maintains functional conservation between zebrafish and mammals during the evolution of the obesity-regulating molecule network.

An investigation on the antibody levels to pertussis and diphtheria among healthy people in Wenzhou City / 预防医学

Objective To learn the immunity levels of pertussis and diphtheria among healthy people in Wenzhou City,and to provide scientific evidence for the effective control of the two diseases.Methods Stratified sampling method was applied in this investigation and 1 350 healthy people were investigated and provided serum samples.Vaccine immunization of pertussis and diphtheria and demographic characteristics were also collected.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was conducted to detect pertussis and diphtheria antibodies.Those with more than 1 00 IU/ml aged more than 3 years were also investigated the disease history.The estimated infection rate of pertussis for population aged more than 3 years was based on the test results.The attenuation trend of pertussis and diphtheria immunity levels after vaccination was analyzed contrastively.Results The antibody positive rate to pertussis was 36. 52%,and the median of antibody concentration was 1 9. 45 IU/m1 .The antibody positive rate and concentration was highest among 36 -60 years old people (64. 29%,36. 39 IU/ml ).The vaccination rate of population with more than 3 doses of DPT (Diphtheria Toxoid -Pertussis Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid)was 95. 80%,and the corresponding positive rate was 24. 36%.The positive rate was 28. 57% in 0-3 month and 1 0. 71% in 1 0 -1 2 month after vaccination.The antibody concentration to pertussis had a negative correlation with days after vaccination(r=-0. 22,P<0. 05).The proportion of subjects with more than 1 00 IU/ml in population aged more than 3 years was 7. 91%.The estimated infection rate of pertussis for population aged more than 3 years was 49. 27%.The antibody positive rate to diphtheria was 96. 00%,and the median of antibody concentration was 0. 1 3 IU/m1 . The positive rate was highest (1 00%) among 1 -2 years old people and lowest (82. 5%) among newborns.Antibody positive rate (protective rate)and antibody concentration to diphtheria of population which had more doses of DPT or had vaccinated with DT were higher than those had not (P<0. 05 ).The sustainability of vaccine to diphtheria was higher than pertussis after vaccination of DPT.Conclusion Residents in Wenzhou are generally vulnerable to pertussis.Natural infection is considered to be an important influencing factor for the level of pertussis.The level of diphtheria antibodies in Wenzhou is high.The vaccine containing diphtheria is considered useful for children.However,it is suggested to conduct diphtheria booster immunization in older age group.