Anatomical controversies involved in radical resection of rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The concept of total mesorectal resection provides a quality control standard that can be followed for radical resection of rectal cancer, but some anatomical problems are still controversial. Compared with traditional open surgery, laparoscopic radical rectal surgery has better surgical vision, better neurological protection, better operating space. However, if the surgeon has insufficient understanding of the anatomy, collateral damage may occur, such as uncontrollable bleeding during the operation, postoperative urination and defecation dysfunction and so on. Based on the interpretation of the researches at home and abroad, combined with the clinical experience, we elucidate some associated issues, including anatomic variation of inferior mesenteric vessels, the controversy of inferior mesenteric artery ligation plane, the controversy of lymph node dissection in No. 253, the anatomical variation of middle rectal artery, and the anatomical controversy of lateral lymph node dissection in rectal cancer, in order to provide better cognitive process for the clinical front-line surgeons.

Cloning and expression analysis of LncRNA-RgAGT2 responding to consecutive monoculture in Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国中药杂志

The consecutive monoculture obstacle is a major problem in the field of Rehmannia glutinosa( R. glutinosa),has severely declined the yield and quality of R. glutinosa. Here,using hi TAIL-PCR and RACE techniques,we have cloned the full-length transcript( 1 573 bp) of Unigene 29334＿All screened by DGE as a consecutive monoculture obstacle response gene of R. glutinosa. Based on ORF Finder prediction,all ORFs detected in the full-length transcript were less than 300 nt,which suggested that the above transcript was confirmed to be a long non-coding RNA( LncRNA). With alignment in R. glutinosa transcriptome,this LncRNA was partially homologous to alanine glyoxylate transaminase 2 gene( Rg AGT2),which was named LncRNA-RgATG2. To further explore the function of LncRNA-RgAGT2,we have examined expression patterns of LncRNA-RgAGT2 and Rg AGT2 at five critical development stages( seedling,elongation,pre-expanding,mid-expanding,late-expanding) in the first and second year replanting of R. glutinosa,respectively. The results indicated that LncRNA-RgAGT2,as a potential regulator,is possible to play a vital role in Rg AGT2 expression regulation. Meanwhile,LncRNA-RgAGT2 has presented significant variation in all development stages of R. glutinosa,which could be used as a " diagnostic label" to assess consecutive monoculture obstacle. This study,for the first time,showed that LncRNA was responsible for the response and regulation of consecutive monoculture obstacle,which would be a powerful supplement to reveal the molecular mechanisms of consecutive monoculture obstacle of R. glutinosa.

Observation of prime position and driving zones in process of tuberous root expanding and expression analysis of phytohormone relative genes in Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国中药杂志

In order to study the development characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa tuberous root expansion and reveal the regulation mechanism of the genes related to hormones in this process, R. glutinosa "wen-85" was used as the experimental material in this study. R. glutinosa tuberous roots of different developmental stages were collected to observe phenotype and tissue morphology using resin semi-thin sections method. The genes related to hormone biosynthesis and response were chosen from the transcriptome of R. glutinosa, which was previously constructed by our laboratory, their expression levels at different development stages were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the root development could be divided into six stages: seeding, elongation, pre-expanding, mid-expanding, late-expanding and maturity stage. The anatomic characteristics indicated that the fission of secondary cambium initiated the tuberous root expansion, and the continuous and rapid division of secondary cambium and accessory cambium kept the sustained and rapid expansion of tuberous root. In addition, a large number oleoplasts were observed in root on the semi-thin and ultra-thin section. The quantitative analysis suggested that the genes related to biosynthesis and response of the IAA, CK, ABA,ethylene, JA and EB were up-regulated expressed, meanwhile, GA synthesis and response genes were down-regulated expressed and the genes of GA negative regulation factors were up-regulated expressed. The maximum levels of most genes expression occurred in the elongation and pre-expansion stage, indicating these two stages were the key periods to the formation and development of tuberous roots. Oleoplasts might be the essential cytological basis for the formation and storage of the unique medicinal components in R. glutinosa. The results of the study are helpful for explanation of development and the molecular regulation mechanism of the tuberous root in R. glutinosa.

Comparison among three modeling methods of high-risk rejection corneal transplantation / 中华实验眼科杂志

BackgroundAn ideal animal model is very important for the investigation of the immune mechanism of high-risk rejection corneal transplantation.ObjectiveThis study was to compare three methods of creating a high-risk corneal transplantation model in rabbits to study high-risk rejection corneal transplantation.MethodsForty-five New Zealand white rabbits were utilized and assigned randomly to three groups of different modeling methods,with 15 rabbits for each group.The high-risk corneal transplantation models were created by suturing with 5-0 silk thread in 4 quadrants,inducing alkali burn with 1 mol/L NaOH or corneal xenotransplantation.In the suturing group and alkali burning group,the rabbits received a unilateral 7.25 mm diameter corneal allograft after corneal neovascularization was induced,and in the xenotransplantation group,corneas from cats were used as donors.Rabbits were followed-up for 4 weeks in all groups.Corneal neovascular area was calculated and compared among the three groups.The amount of rejection,inflammatory index ( IF),neovascularization and histology of grafts were clinically scored to calculate the reject index (RI).ResultsThere were 14,15 and 15 rabbits that survived the high-risk penetrating corneal transplantation,respectively,in the suturing group,alkali burning group and xenotransplantation group.Two weeks after operation,the IF scores were 0.543 ± 0.103,0.811 ± 0.054 and 0.191 ±0.087,and the RI were 2.111±0.928,7.0±0.816 and 3.182±0.751 in the suturing group,alkali burning group and xenotransplantationgroup,respectively,showingstatisticallysignificantdifferencesamongthethreegroups (x2 =25.736,22.432,P =0.000).The IF value was lower in the xenotransplantation group compared with the suturing group and alkali burning group (Z =3.841,3.993,P =0.000),and that of the suturing group was lower than the alkali burning group (Z =3.568,P =0.000).The RI value of the xenotransplantation group was significantly raised in comparison with the suturing group and declined in comparison with the alkali burning group (Z =2.373,P =0.018;Z =3.936,P =0.000),and that of the suturing group was lower than the alkali burning group (Z =3.729,P =0.000 ).The survival times of the grafts were ( 17.9±2.0 ) days,( 13.4 ±2.4) days and ( 15.5 ±2.0 ) days in these three groups with a significant difference among them ( F =9.474,P =0.001 ).The neovascularization area in the xenotransplantation group was smaller than the suturing group and alkali burning group (P＜ 0.05 ).Histological examination revealed a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration in the grafts 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation in the suturing group and alkali burning group,but less inflammatory cells were seen in the xenotransplantaion group.Immunofluorescence staining showed abundant CD4+ T positive cells in the grafts in the three groups.Conclusions The cat-rabbit corneal xenotransplantation can induce stable and moderate immune rejection.This animal model has milder inflammatory response and less corneal neovascularization than the suture and alkali burn models.This method therefore is an ideal model for high-risk corneal transplantation.

Expression of Rho-kinase and heme oxygenase in the corpus cavernosum of spontaneous hypertensive rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Rho-kinase and heme oxygenase and the interaction among NOS/NO, HO/CO and RhoA/Rho-kinase in the corpus cavernosum of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A series of electric stimuli were applied to the corpus cavernosum nerves of 7 SHRs, the changes of ICP/MAP observed continuously and the expressions of ROCK2, HO-2 and eNOS analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Another 7 WKY rats were taken as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the controls, ICP/MAP did not rise obviously (P < 0.05), HO-2 dropped sharply (P = 0.006) and the expression of the ROCK2 protein was elevated markedly (P = 0.017) in the SHRs. Immunohistochemistry showed HO-2 to be distributed in the smooth muscle cells and nervous cells of the corpus cavernosum, and eNOS mainly in the vascular endothelial cells. The expressions of HO-2 and eNOS were obviously reduced in the SHRs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NOS/NO, HO/CO and RhoA/Rho-kinase are related with erectile dysfunction in SHRs and may interact on one another.</p>

Correlation of HO-2 expression in the corpus cavernosum with erectile disfunction in rats with chronic renal failure / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of HO-2 in the corpus cavernosum of rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) , and investigate the role of HO-2 in penile erection and its association with testosterone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen 10-week-old SD rats underwent 5/6 kidney removal for the establishment of CRF models, and another 15 included as controls. Twelve weeks later, both the two groups of animals were subjected to electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve for the detection of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the protein contents of HO-2, nNOS and eNOS in the penile tissues were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ICPmax/MAP after 3 V and 5 V stimulation of the cavernous nerve was (0.121 +/- 0.084) and (0.135 +/- 0.088), the serum testosterone level was (1.190 +/- 0.946) nmol/L, and the expression of HO-2 was (0.510 +/- 0.397) in the CRF group, all significantly lower than in the control rats, which were (0.263 +/- 0.147 and 0.244 +/- 0.089), (7.800 +/- 5.001) nmol/L (P<0.01) and (2.672 +/- 1.720, P<0.01), respectively. There was a correlation between the decrease of HO-2 expression and the reduction of serum testosterone (r = 0.902, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lowered level of serum testosterone and decreased contents of HO-2, eNOS and nNOS may play a role in CRF-induced ED.</p>

Expression of heme oxygenase 2 in the corpus cavernosum of castrated rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the expressions of HO-2 and eNOS in the corpus cavernosum of castrated rats and investigate the correlation of HO-2 and eNOS with erectile dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty SD rats of 10 weeks were equally divided into 3 castrated groups (4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively after removal of bilateral testes) and a sham operation control group. All the rats were detected for serum testosterone (T), intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) 2, 8 and 12 weeks after the surgery, the content of HO-2 analyzed by Western blot and the expressions of eNOS and HO-2 determined by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Testosterone level and ICP/MAP ratio were markedly decreased after the castration (P < 0.05). The HO-2 expression was detected in the corpus cavernosum of all but the 12-week castrated rats, and the area under the curve was (341.50 +/- 99.70) in the 4-week castrated group, significantly less than in the 8-week (705.00 +/- 152. 74) and the control group (876 +/- 443. 36) (P < 0. 05), with no obvious difference between the latter two. eNOS was found mainly in the vascular endothelial cells of the corpus cavernosum, significantly less in the castrated (123.94 +/- 30. 23) than in the control group (421.21 +/- 125. 12).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Androgens might mediate the penile erectile function through HO-2 and eNOS in the corpus cavernosum of rats.</p>

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the perihematomal tissues in human hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and its significance / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the perihematomal tissues in human hypertensive,intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and brain edema formation following ICH.Methods Paraffin-embedded brain tissues of 39 human fatal cases of ICH from the perihematomal tissues,1—3 cm away from the margin of the hemorrhagic lesion,as well as tissues from the corresponding area at the opposite side as controls,were stained with HE and immunohistochemistry staining.The expressions of MMP-9 and ICAM-1 in the pefihematomal tissues were analyzed with the SPSS 11.5 system.Results ①With MMP-9 immunohistochemical staining positive capillaries in the perihematomal tissues were identified at 2 h ((1.2? 0.8)/HP).The number of MMP-9 positive capillaries began to rise at 5—10 h ((4.1?0.8)/HP) reaching the peak at 45—48 h ((10.6?1.4)/HP,P