Resveratrol inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis in uveal melanoma cells via miR-512-3P/DUSPl axis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the regulatory role and mechanism of resveratrol in inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis in choroidal melanoma cells. Methods Choroidal melanoma cells (MUM2B) were divided into control and experimental groups, and treated with different concentrations of resveratrol (0, 10, 20,40,60,80 μmol ·L

Role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in pulmonary fibrosis after rheumatoid arthritis in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - associated postinterstitial pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Methods The mouse model of RA was constructed by subcutaneous administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and chicken II collagen (Col-II) to the tail root of mice. The blank group was given the same amount of distilled water, and the control group was given the same amount of glacial acetic acid (solvent). The degree of toe swelling (joint swelling degree and arthritis index) was monitored to evaluate the mouse modeling. The pathological changes of mouse lung tissues were observed by HE and Masson staining. The expression of TGF-β in lung tissues were observed by immunohistochemical staining. The level of hydroxyproline in lung tissues was measured by chemiluminescence method. The expressions of Smad2, Smad3 and phosphorylated p-Smad2 and phosphorylated p-Smad3 in lung tissues were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with blank group and solvent group, the joint swelling and arthritis index of model group significantly increased. Twenty-one days after administration, HE staining showed inflammatory changes in lung interstitium of the model group, Masson staining showed collagen fiber deposition and obvious fibrosis in lung interstitium of the model group, and immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of TGF-β in cytoplasm of lung interstitial cells of the model group increased, which was brown and yellow. Meanwhile, hydroxyproline was significantly raised in lung tissue homogenate of the model group. Further WB analysis showed that compared with blank group and solvent group, the expression of p-Smad2 and pSmad3 in lung tissues of the model group was significantly up-regulated (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). Conclusions RA can give rise to pulmonary fibrosis, and the expressions of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 are up-regulated, which is be pivotal in pulmonary fibrosis and RA-related post-interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

Paeonol inhibits rheumatoid arthritis through formyl peptide receptors / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the pharmacological effects of paeonol as a formyl peptide receptor activator on rheumatoid arthritis (HA).Methods The target rlataset was obtained from the high throughput Gene Expression Database ( GEO) , and multiple data sets were combined by USING R language to explore three groups of macrophage differentially expressed genes ( DEGs) in untreated,lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treat¬ment and paeonol and LPS treatment, and their enrich-ment pathway was analyzed.Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed in the STRING data¬base anrl visualized in Cytoscape software.The inhibi¬tor}' effect of Hub gene formyl peptide receptor ( FPR) on RA inflammation was validated by TNF-cx stimula¬tion of fibroblast synovial cells ( FLS).Results Through bioinformatics analysis, 169 differential genes ( DEGs) related to inflammation and 275 DEGs related to the mechanism of paeonol action were obtained.Combined analysis of the two groups of DEGs showed that FPR played a key role in the anti-inflammatory mechanism of paeonol.Further studies on the mecha¬nism of paeonol showed that paeonol activated FPR, and the inhibitory effect of paeonol on FLS inflamma¬tion was rescued by TRP-ARg-TRP-TRP-TRP-TRP- TRP-TRP-NH2 (WRW4).Conclusion Paeonol can inhibit the inflammatory development of RA through the FPR pathway.

Paeonol suppresses fibroblast synovitis by increasing MANF expression / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the possible mechanism of paeonol inhibiting the inflammatory response of fibroblast synovial cells (RA-FLSS) in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods CCK-8 assay was used to detect Paeonol's inhibitory level on the abnormal proliferation of arthritis human fibroblast synovial cells (RA-FLSs). The levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins MANF and ATF6 were detected by Western blot. Cell localization of transcription factor p65 and Mesencephalic Astrocyte Derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF) was detected by immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR detected the changes of p65 target genes. Results Paeonol could significantly inhibit the abnormal proliferation of RA-FLSS cells. Paeonol activates ATF6 and increases the expression of MANF. Paeonol promoted the nuclear transfer of MANF protein and inhibited the transcriptional activity of p65. Conclusion Paeonol promotes the expression of MANF and nuclear transfer through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and affects the progression of RA by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of p65.

Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on hippocampal brain after cardiac arrest in rats and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on hippocampal brain tissues of rats after cardiac arrest and its mechanism. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, ischemia group, cardiopulmonary resuscitation group and Edaravone treatment group. The rats in ischemia group were subjected to cardiac arrest by suffocation for 10 min. In resuscitation group, cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) was performed, after 3 min of cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed for 7 min. After 10 min, the rats in each group were sacrificed, venous blood was taken to detect oxidative stress indicators, and the pathology of rat hippocampal brain tissues were examined by HE staining and electron microscopy, and the expressions of Nrf2 and Keapl gene and proteins were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results Compared with control group, the serum oxidative stress level of the ischemic model group rats increased, the Nissl body of the hippocampal nerve cells decreased significantly, the mitochondrial cristae were destroyed significantly, and the expressions of Nrf2 and Keapl genes and proteins in the hippocampal tissues increased. Compared with ischemic group, the serum oxidative stress level of resuscitation group rats decreased. Compared with ischemic group, the serum oxidative stress level of the rats in cardiopulmonary resuscitation group decreased, the neuronal cells in the hippocampus increased, the mitochondrial cristae damage was alleviated, and the expressions of Nrf2 and Keapl genes and proteins in the hippocampus decreased. Conclusions CPR has protective effect on hippocampal tissues of rats, and its mechanism is related to the alleviation of Nrf2/Keapl pathway of oxidative stress injury.

Effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on proliferation of SPC-Al cells and expression of SFRPl and MGMT methylated proteins in lung cancer / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of methylation inhibitors of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on SPC-Al - lung cancer cell proliferation, cell scratches and apoptosis, to explore the influence of secretion curl associated protein 1 (SFRPl) and 06-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter region in which DNA methylation mRNA and protein expression and meaning. Methods The effects of 5-Aza-CdR at different concentrations on the proliferation of human lung cancer SPC-A 1 cells were determined by CCK-8 assay. The effect of 5-Aza-CdR on the migration ability of SPC-A 1 cells was determined by scratch assay. The apoptosis of lung cancer SPC-A 1 cells was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR for 24 h. mRNA and protein expressions of SFRPl and MGMT in SPC-Al cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results 5-Aza-CdR could reduce the proliferation of SPC-A 1 cells by concentration gradient,and IC50 was 21.2 jjimol • L

Clinical observation on deep needling at Xiaguan (ST 7) with round sharp needle combined with plum-blossom needle for trigeminal neuralgia of wind and heat / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical therapeutic effect between deep needling at Xiaguan (ST 7) with round sharp needle combined with plum-blossom needle and conventional acupuncture in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) of wind and heat, and explore its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with TN of wind and heat were randomized into an observation group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases). In the observation group, deep needling with round sharp needle was applied at Xiaguan (ST 7), and tapping with plum-blossom needle was applied at Yangbai (GB 14), Quanliao (SI 18), Dicang (ST 4), Sibai (ST 2), etc. of affected side. In the control group, conventional acupuncture was applied at the same acupoints selected in the observation group. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks in the both groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), TCM syndrome, patient global impression of change (PGIC) and comprehensive symptom were observed, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and β-endorphin (β-EP) were detected, and the adverse reaction was observed in the both groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of PRI, PPI, VAS, TCM syndrome, PGIC and comprehensive symptom and the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and VIP were decreased compared before treatment in the both groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Deep needling at Xiaguan (ST 7) with round sharp needle combined with plum-blossom needle can effectively treat the trigeminal neuralgia of wind and heat and relieve pain, its therapeutic effect is superior to conventional acupuncture. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of serum IL-6, TNF-α, VIP and β-EP.

Diagnostic value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).@*METHODS@#Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes, including 60 patients without DPN (NDPN group) and 30 patients with DPN (DPN group), and 30 healthy participants (normal group) were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the four quadrants and the overall average RNFL thickness of the optic disc. The receiver operator characteristic curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of RNFL thickness in the optic disc area for DPN.@*RESULTS@#The RNFL thickness of the DPN group was thinner than those of the normal and NDPN groups in the overall average ((101.07± 12.40) µm vs. (111.07±6.99) µm and (109.25±6.90) µm), superior quadrant ((123.00±19.04) µm vs. (138.93±14.16) µm and (134.47±14.34) µm), and inferior quadrant ((129.37±17.50) µm vs. (143.60±12.22) µm and (144.48±14.10) µm), and the differences were statistically significant. The diagnostic efficiencies of the overall average, superior quadrant, and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses, and a combined index of superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were similar, and the AUCs were 0.739 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.635-0.826), 0.683 (95% CI 0.576-0.778), 0.755 (95% CI 0.652-0.840), and 0.773 (95% CI 0.672-0.854), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity of RNFL thickness in the superior quadrant reached 93.33%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The thickness of the RNFL in the optic disc can be used as a diagnostic method for DPN.

Effects of Different Routes in PMSC Transfusion on the Levels of Hematopoietic Regulatory Factors in Aplastic Anemia Rats / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of different routes in placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSC) on serum expression levels of IL-4, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ in aplastic anemia (AA) rats.@*METHODS@#The rat model of aplastic anemia (AA rats) was established by 5-fluorouracil combined with busulfan. The rats was divided into four groups: control, experimental, PMSC-injected into the tail vein, and PMSC-injected into the medullary cavity. The general state of rats in each group was observed in detail before and after treatment. The serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) , interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at week 1, 3 and 5 after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the level of IL-4 was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 gradually decreased after treatment while the level of IL-4 increased. By the fifth week, the above indexes were closed to the control group (P＞0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the group with PMSCs injected via the medullary cavity decrease more significantly than those group with PMSC injected via the tail vein, but level of IL-4 was not significantly different between two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The level of serum hematopoietic negative regulators increase significantly, and the level of hematopoietic promoting factors decreases significantly in aplastic anemia rats. PMSC can down-regulate the level of hematopoietic negative regulators and up-regulate the level of hematopoietic promoting factors in the rats with aplastic anemia, and the inhibition of hematopoietic negative regulators by intramedullary injection is more significant than that by caudal vein injection.

Effect of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中草药

Objective: To study the effect of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza in order to explore the optimal N, P, and K ratios and dosages in middle south of Shandong, and provide theoretical guidance for precision fertilization. Methods: Based on “3414” randomized block design, 14 fertilization combination treatments of N, P and K were designed to determine the yield, growth, and bioactive components of S. miltiorrhiza. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza were analyzed, and a fertilizer effect model of S. miltiorrhiza in middle south of Shandong was established by stepwise regression analysis. The maximum yield of fertilized S. miltiorrhiza and the best amount of economic fertilization were estimated. Results: Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiency treatments reduced the yields by 27.29%, 22.09%, and 23.83%, respectively, and the optimal treatment for increasing yield was N2P2K2 with a yield of 16 740 kg/hm2. Single factor fertilizer effect analysis showed that the yield of S. miltiorrhiza showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in the application amount of these fertilizers. The main nutrient elements limiting yield and benefit of S. miltiorrhiza in middle south of Shandong were as follow: N > K > P. The analysis of the interaction between the two factors showed that the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers promoted each other at a certain application amounts, the interaction effect were as follow: NP > NK > PK. Through the effects of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on growth, nitrogen significantly promoted the material accumulation in roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Potassium had a certain role in promoting the plant width and root width. The effect of fertilization on the content of active ingredients showed that potassium promoted the accumulation of phenolic acids and tanshinones, while potassium had the adverse effect. Conclusion: The quadratic function fitting result between the amount of fertilizer applied and the yield of S. miltiorrhiza is in line with the law of diminishing returns, which can better reflect the relationship between the amount of fertilizer and yield. The best fertilizer scheme in middle south of Shandong should be N 195.63 kg∙/hm2, P2O5 116.64 kg/hm2, and K2O 153.84 kg/hm2 estimated by ternary quadratic function fitting.

Analysis of 2 cases of fetal congenital omphalo-enteric fistula with intestinal prolapse diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prenatal ultrasonographic manifestations of fetal congenital omphalo-enteric fistula with intestinal prolapse and improve the understanding and diagnosis of this disease.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the prenatal ultrasonographic features was performed in 2 cases of fetal congenital omphalo-enteric fistula with intestinal prolapse comnfirmed after surgery between July 2016 and September 2017 in First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,and the ultrasonographic manifestations were compared with postnatal looks and intraoperative conditions.Characteristics of prenatal ultrasonographic manifestations were summarized.RESULTS: Both cases were misdiagnosed as omphalocele by prenatal ultrasonography.Congenital omphalo-enteric fistula with intestinal prolapse was verified by surgery after delivery.A narrow pedicle,special bowel-shape and incomplete capsule were its prenatal ultrasonic characteristics.CONCLUSION: Fetal congenital omphalo-enteric fistula with intestinal prolapse is rare,but has particular prenatal ultrasonographic manifestations. Strengthening the understanding of the disease,reducing misdiagnosis and improving prenatal ultrasound diagnosis will provide help for prenatal counseling and clinical choice for time of delivery.

An analysis of GNAS and THRA gene mutations in children with congenital hypothyroidism / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To preliminarily investigate the relationship between stimulatory G protein α subunit (GNAS) and thyroid hormone receptor α (THRA) gene mutations and clinical phenotypes in children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH).@*METHODS@#A total of 70 children with CH diagnosed by neonatal screening were enrolled. Their peripheral blood samples were collected to extract genomic DNA. GNAS and THRA genes were screened for mutations using next-generation sequencing. Bioinformatics software was used to analyze the pathogenicity of gene mutations.@*RESULTS@#Of the 70 children with CH, nine missense mutations (three known mutations and six novel mutations) in the GNAS gene were detected in three patients (4%), and one gene polymorphism, c.508A>G(p.I170V), in the THRA gene was detected in four patients. The analysis results of bioinformatics software and ACMG/AMP guidelines showed that the two GNAS gene mutations [c.301C>T(p.R101C) and c.334G>A(p.E112K)] were more likely to be pathogenic. Three children with GNAS gene mutations showed different degrees of hypothyroidism.@*CONCLUSIONS@#GNAS gene mutations are related to the development of CH, and children with CH have different clinical manifestations. THRA gene mutations may not be associated with CH.

Investigation and analysis on difference of cultivation technique situation of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中国中药杂志

Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the commonly used bulk medicinal materials, which has significant effect on cardiovascular disease, and are heavy demanded in Asia, Europe, North America, Russia and Africa. Consequently, increasing the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza has become a major concern worldwide. With the current wild resources of S. miltiorrhiza gradually decreasing, cultivated products occupy most of the markets. However, the cultivation area is widely distributed and the cultivation techniques is different, which lead to the quality and yield of S. miltiorrhiza in consistent. This paper combined visiting survey with document analysis to carry out the cultivation situation of S. miltiorrhiza in main cultivation areas of Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. There exist big differences of the ecological environment, mode of cultivation, fertilization, pest control, harvesting processing among the producing areas. We should carry on the ecological suitability zoning analysis and suitable cultivation of each area study to form a pattern of high quality and high yield for the sustainable development of S. miltiorrhiza cultivation.

Clinical significance of expression of MnSOD/SIRT3 in pernicious placenta previa combined with placenta implantation / 医学研究生学报

Objective Dangerous placenta previa(PPP) combined with placenta implantation seriously threatens maternal life safety. This paper aim to explore the changes of MnSOD and SIRT3,the expression of SIRT3 in maternal placenta PPP combined with placenta implantation, and the relationship between trophoblast invasion and placental implantation. Methods 90 cases with placenta implantation of pernicious placenta previa were collected from January 2014 to June 2018 in Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital. According to the depth of placental villus invading uterine myometrium, 30 cases of placenta adhesion, 30 cases of placental implantation, and 30 cases of placenta penetration, 30 cases of normal control group．Immunohistochemical SP and Western blot were used to detect the expression of MnSOD and SIRT3 in placental tissues of the study group and the control group, then compared and analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of MnSOD and SIRT3 in the placental implantation group were increased. With the increasing of placental implantation degree, the level of MnSOD and SIRT3 decreased significantly (P<0.05). Western blot showed that , the relative protein expressions of MnSOD/β-actin and SIRT3/β-actin in the control group were (0.39±0.05) and (0.41±0.08), which were higher than those in the adhesion group[(0.35±0.04), (0.32±0.02)], the implantion group[(0.28±0.02), (0.20±0.03)], and the penetration group[(0.23±0.01), (0.17±0.02)]. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of MnSOD and SIRT3 incytoplasm or nucleus of invasive trophoblasts and placental tissues of pregnant women with placental implantation is significantly decreased, both of which are involved in the occurrence and development of placental implantation, but the specific pathogenesis still needs to be further explored.

Relationship Between the Change of Microbial Diversity and Gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the change of microbial diversity and its relation with gastrointestinal (GI) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).@*METHODS@#Fecal samples were collected at the time point of 2 weeks before transplantation (pre-transplant group), 1 month after transplantation (post-tranplant group) and onset of GI GVHD in 65 hematonosis patients, which were also collected in 26 donors and 10 healthy subjects (control group). 16S rRNA was extracted from fecal microbiotas whose V4 variable region was amplified. The amplification products were sequenced in Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the sequencing results were analyzed and compared.@*RESULTS@#The microbial diversity was 5.70（3.74, 10.60）in pre-transplant group, 7.30（4.89, 11.41）in control group, and the differences between them were not statistically significant. The microbial diversity was 3.88（2.39, 6.49）in post-transplant group, lower than that in control group and pre-transplant group. After transplantation, the microbial diversity was 4.24（2.47, 7.16）in the patients without GI GVHD, while the microbial diverosity was 2.90 (1.48, 5.64) in patients subsequently suffered from GI GVHD, but the differences between them were not statistically significant. The microbial diversity was 2.13（1.76, 3.75）onset of GI GVHD, which was lower than that without GI GVHD.@*CONCLUSION@#Intestinal microbial diversity decreases after allo-HSCT, and is associated with with Gl GVHD.

Analysis on the distribution and treatment of malaria patients in the phase of eradication of malaria in China / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To understand the distribution and treatment of malaria patients, and the characteristics of sampled hospitals in thephase of eradication of malaria,and provide support for medical resources allocation in the later stages of malaria eradication phase. On this basis, this study aims at promoting the realization of the ultimate goal of total eradication of malaria in China by 2020. Methods : A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used. A total number of 102 hospitals in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces were selected to collect original information on in-patient and out-patient of malaria in terms of medical records and treatment costs during the periodfrom January 1st 2014 toDecember 31th2016. In order to conduct accurate statistical analysis, Excel 2016, SPSS 20. 0 and other Software were used. Results: The survey results collected a total number of 1633 malaria patients, and these patients showed a W-shaped distribution during the months of treatment. Most of malaria patients from Henan and Sichuan Provinceswere diagnosed as having been affected by falciparum and vivax malaria, and their number sharply increased. This is paper also revealed the ratios of malaria patientsin terms of their choice of health services,namely from tertiary hospitals, municipal medical institutions and provincial medical institutions; those were77.10％,52.05％ and 23.58％,respectively. Conclusions : A new period of peak incidence of malariais detected from 2014 to 2016. With hospitals' line of malaria defending ability shrinking,it was found that malaria treatment capacitiesare relatively concentrated in the high level hospitals,which plays a greater role when it comes to the prevention and control of malaria. It is recommended that regional malaria treatment lines should be built,and severe malaria treatment knowledge trainingsshould be prepared and attended in mass in orderto improve malaria treatment capacities.

The current situation of the drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health centers:A case study of Anhui Province / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To investigate the current situation of drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health institutions in Anhui province. Methods:Primary health institutions in Anhui province were selected as the main research subjects. One hundred and six (106) primary health institutions from three areas/districts in Anhui province namely northern Anhui,Central Anhui,and Southern Anhui were selected with stratified random sampling as the first sample,and 54 pharmaceutical producing enterprises and 62 pharmaceutical trading enterprises were selected with convenience sampling method as the second sample. The survey was conducted by issuing questionnaires to record views of the respondents to help understand the current situation of drug supply from the first sample and the main de-terminants and solutions of drug shortage from two samples. Results:13% of the primary health institutions still suffer from serious shortage of drug supply; the drug distribution rate varies greatly between units, and 19% of the primary health institutions have a drug distribution rate below 70%,and all primary health institution within the scope of inves-tigation experienced drug shortages. The frequency of choices of determinants of drug shortage were in sequence of or-der:drug demand instability (19.20%), drugs have a new and higher profit alternative (15.94%), etc.; The fre-quency of choices of solutions of drug shortage of primary health institution were in sequence of order:to improve the national list of essential medicines(12.78%),appropriate improvement in efficacy the low-priced varieties(with cura-tive effect) (12.03%),etc. Conclusions:Primary health institutions suffer from drug shortage issue widely,and the reasons for the shortage of drugs are more complicated;the government should continue to implement relevant policies, comprehensively improving the primary health institution drug supply mechanisms in all to prevent drug shortages.

Advances in genetic research of congenital hypothyroidism in China / 中国当代儿科杂志

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), which results from insufficient thyroid hormone biosynthesis, is one of the most common neonatal endocrine disorders. Thyroid dysgenesis and thyroid dyshormonogenesis are the two causes of CH and either one will lead to deficiencies of enzymes during thyroid hormone biosynthesis and insufficient thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Recently, researchers have performed extensive studies on genetics of CH. This paper reviews genes reported to be associated with CH in China.

Chemical constituents from traditional Uighur herbal medicine Elaeagnus angustifolia flowers / 中国中药杂志

Seven aromatic glycosides (1-7), including four phenylethanol glycosides, one phenylmethanol glycoside, one phenylpropane glycoside and one benzoside, were isolated from the methanolic extract of Uighur Medicine Elaeagnus angustifolia flowers. Their structures were elucidated based on the analysis of spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR and HR-MS). Compound 1 is a new compound, named as angustifol A. Six known compounds were identified as 2-phenylethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2), salidroside (3), vanillic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), vanilloloside (5), (Z)-isoconiferin (6), 2-phenylethyl-6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). Compounds 2-7 were isolated from the genus Elaeagnus for the first time. In vitro anti-inflammatory assays revealed that none of these compounds showed good COX inhibitory activities.

Gene-metabolite network analysis in different nonalcoholic fatty liver disease phenotypes

We sought to identify common key regulators and build a gene-metabolite network in different nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) phenotypes. We used a high-fat diet (HFD), a methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCDD) and streptozocin (STZ) to establish nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFL+type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rat models, respectively. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed in rat livers and serum. A functional network-based regulation model was constructed using Cytoscape with information derived from transcriptomics and metabolomics. The results revealed that 96 genes, 17 liver metabolites and 4 serum metabolites consistently changed in different NAFLD phenotypes (>2-fold, P<0.05). Gene-metabolite network analysis identified ccl2 and jun as hubs with the largest connections to other genes, which were mainly involved in tumor necrosis factor, P53, nuclear factor-kappa B, chemokine, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The specifically regulated genes and metabolites in different NAFLD phenotypes constructed their own networks, which were mainly involved in the lipid and fatty acid metabolism in HFD models, the inflammatory and immune response in MCDD models, and the AMPK signaling pathway and response to insulin in HFD+STZ models. Our study identified networks showing the general and specific characteristics in different NAFLD phenotypes, complementing the genetic and metabolic features in NAFLD with hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations.