Effective substances and mechanism of Yishen Guluo Mixture in treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis based on metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the effective substances and mechanism of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) based on metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry. The rat model of CGN was induced by cationic bovine serum albumin(C-BSA). After intragastric administration of Yishen Guluo Mixture, the biochemical indexes related to renal function(24-hour urinary protein, serum urea nitrogen, and creatinine) were determined, and the efficacy evaluations such as histopathological observation were carried out. The serum biomarkers of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of CGN were screened out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis, and the metabolic pathways were analyzed. According to the mass spectrum ion fragment information and metabolic pathway, the components absorbed into the blood(prototypes and metabolites) from Yishen Guluo Mixture were identified and analyzed by using PeakView 1.2 and MetabolitePilot 2.0.4. By integrating metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry data, a mathematical model of correlation analysis between serum biomarkers and components absorbed into blood was constructed to screen out the potential effective substances of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of CGN. Yishen Guluo mixture significantly decreased the levels of 24-hour urinary protein, serum urea nitrogen, and creatinine in rats with CGN, and improved the pathological damage of the kidney tissue. Twenty serum biomarkers of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of CGN, such as arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine, were screened out, involving arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerol phosphatide metabolism, and other pathways. Based on the serum pharmacochemistry, 8 prototype components and 20 metabolites in the serum-containing Yishen Guluo Mixture were identified. According to the metabolomics and correlation analysis of serum pharmacochemistry, 12 compounds such as genistein absorbed into the blood from Yishen Guluo Mixture were selected as the potential effective substances for the treatment of CGN. Based on metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry, the effective substances and mechanism of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of CGN are analyzed and explained in this study, which provides a new idea for the development of innovative traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of CGN.

Development and clinical application of a new reduction device for the treatment of tibial plateau fracture under arthroscopic monitoring / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a reduction device for the arthroscopy-assisted treatment of tibial plateau fracture and explore its clinical efficacy.@*METHODS@#From May 2018 to September 2019, 21 patients with tibial plateau fracture were treated, including 17 males and 4 females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 55 years old with an average of (38.6±8.7) years old. There were 5 cases of Schatzker typeⅡand 16 cases of Schatzker type Ⅲ. The self-designed reductor combined with arthroscope was used for auxiliary reduction and fixation(minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis). The efficacy was analyzed by observing the operation time, blood loss, fracture healing time and knee function(HSS and IKDC scoring criteria).@*RESULTS@#All the 21 patients were followed up for 8 to 24 with an average of(14.0±3.1) months. The operative time ranged from 70 to 95 min with an average of(81.7±7.6)min, incision length ranged from 4 to 7 cm with an average of(5.3±0.9) cm, intraoperative blood loss ranged from 20 to 50 ml with an average of(35.3±5.2) ml, postoperative weight-bearing time ranged from 30 to 50 d with an average of(35.1±9.2) d, fracture healing time ranged from 65 to 90 d with an average of(75.0±4.4) d, and complications were 0 cases, respectively. The fracture was well healed and no screw plate fracture was observed. The knee function scores of HSS and IKDC 18 months after operation were significantly higher than those before operation(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The custom-made reduction tool for the arthroscopic management of tibial plateau fracture is reasonable in design and simple in operation. The specific reduction tool could effectively reduce the fracture, and shorten the fixation time with minimally invasive procedure.

Effective substance and mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract in treatment of insomnia based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to study the effective substance and mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract in the treatment of insomnia based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology. The rat insomnia model induced by p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA) was established. After oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract, the general morphological observation, pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test, and histopathological evaluation were carried out. The potential biomarkers of the extract in the treatment of insomnia were screened by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS) combined with multivariate analysis, and the related metabolic pathways were further analyzed. The "component-target-pathway" network was constructed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Exactive mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS) combined with network pharmacology to explore the effective substances and mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in the treatment of insomnia. The results of pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test and histopathological evaluation(hematoxylin and eosin staining) showed that Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract had good theraputic effect on insomnia. A total of 21 endogenous biomarkers of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract in the treatment of insomnia were screened out by serum metabolomics, and the metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were obtained. A total of 34 chemical constituents were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS, including 24 flavonoids, 2 triterpenoid saponins, 4 alkaloids, 2 triterpenoid acids, and 2 fatty acids. The network pharmacological analysis showed that Ziziphi Spinosae Semen mainly acted on target proteins such as dopamine D2 receptor(DRD2), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1 A(HTR1 A), and alpha-2 A adrenergic receptor(ADRA2 A) in the treatment of insomnia. It was closely related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, and calcium signaling pathway. Magnoflorine, N-nornuciferine, caaverine, oleic acid, palmitic acid, coclaurine, betulinic acid, and ceanothic acid in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen may be potential effective compounds in the treatment of insomnia. This study revealed that Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract treated insomnia through multiple metabolic pathways and the overall correction of metabolic disorder profile in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel manner. Briefly, this study lays a foundation for further research on the mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in treating insomnia and provides support for the development of innovative Chinese drugs for the treatment of insomnia.

Evaluation of unilateral and bilateral bimodal bone conduction hearing intervention in patients with bilateral microtia-atresia / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of unilateral/bilateral bone conduction hearing rehabilitation in patients with bilateral microtia accompanied with severe conductive hearing loss following staged auricle reconstruction and bonebridge implantation. Methods: Thirty-two patients, including 20 males and 12 females, with an average age of 11.8, who received surgical treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from March, 2016 to January, 2020 with bilateral microtia-atresia were included. Hearing thresholds, speech perception and high-resolution CT of the temporal bone were evaluated prior to surgery and individualized surgery plans (staged auricle reconstruction and bonebridge implantation) were made. Hearing thresholds and speech perception in quiet and noise (SNR = 5 dB) using unilateral Bonebridge were tested two weeks after the implantation surgery when the Bonebridge was activated and at 3th, 6th, 12th month after activation. Hearing thresholds and speech perception were also tested at least three months after the activation of the Bonebridge under three conditions: unaided, unilateral Bonebridge, and bilateral bone conduction hearing devices (Bonebridge plus contralateral ADHEAR). The international hearing aid assessment questionnaire (IOI-HA) and Glasgow children's benefit questionnaire were used to evaluate the subjective benefits of the patients. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among these 32 patients, nine were conducted Bonebridge implantation surgery before auricle reconstruction, six were simultaneously with auricle reconstruction and 17 were implanted after auricle reconstruction surgery. Compared with unaided, the mean hearing thresholds (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) and speech perception following unilateral BCHD and bilateral BCHD attachment were improved significantly (P<0.05 each). The speech perceptin in noise of bilateral BCHD was better than unilateral (P<0.05 each). The modified questionnaire revealed high levels of patient satisfaction following use of both unilateral and bilateral devices. Conclusions: Individulized surgical procedures involving auricle reconstruction and Bonebridge implantation are safe and effective for patients with bilateral microtia-atresia, solving both appearance and hearing problems. Speech perception in noise is better following bilateral BCHD than unilateral BCHD attachment.

Clinical Analysis of CMV Infection after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Severe Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA).@*METHODS@#Clinical data from 270 SAA patients with allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed, including 108 sib congruence patients and 162 substitute donors (68 unrelated donor congruence patients and 94 related haploid patients). Different pretreatment schemes were selected for different transplantation modes. The HLA-identical sibling and haploid grafts were all bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells, and the grafts from unrelated donors were peripheral blood stem cells. After granulocyte implantation, blood CMV-DNA was regularly monitored. Flow cytometry was also used to determine the absolute number of CD3@*RESULTS@#CMV infection occurred in 229 of 270 patients with an incidence of 84.8%. Among them, 18 patients developed giant cell disease. Univariate analysis showed that alternative donors (unrelated total and haploid donors), mycophenolate mofetil and acute graft-versus-host disease were statistically significantly associated with CMV infection (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that alternative donors were associated with CMV infection. The recovery of CD3@*CONCLUSION@#After allo-HSCT, substitute donors are more easily to develop CMV infection than full-sibling donors, and the reconstruction of immune function is delayed after transplantation.

Study on the evidence-based decision-making framework for reimbursement technologies in view of EVIDEM / 中国卫生政策研究

This study aimed to establish a new technology for health insurance reimbursement evidence-based decision-making framework on the basis of EVIDEM. Literature review,focus group discussion and qualitative inter-view were used to construct the preliminary decision-making framework,and expert consultation was adopted to deter-mine the necessity and weight of the criteria. The established evidence-based decision-making framework consists of guidelines of normative universal and contextual aspects. The normative aspect included following criteria, need for intervention (i.e. disease severity, size of affected population, benefit type of technology, unmet needs of reim-bursed technology),comparative outcomes of technology (i.e. comparative effectiveness,comparative safety/tolera-bility,comparative patient-perceived/patient-reported outcomes), and economic consequences of technology (i.e. cost,results of economic evaluation). The contextual aspect reflects the mission and mandate of medical insurance, population priorities and the accessibility,common goal and specific interests, political context, and affordability of medical insurance.

Value of CD3CD4T Cell Count in Prediction of Viral Infection after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients Severe Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the value of CD3CD4T cell count in prediction of viral infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) in the patients with severe aplastic anemia(SAA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 78 SAA patients with allo-HSCT in Guangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2014 to July 2016 were enrolled in this study. The absolute numbers of CD3CD4T cells were measured by flow cytometry at 1,2,3,6, and 12 month after allo-HSCT. According to the cell counts, the patients were divided into 3 groups: i.e. <50/µl (n=120), 50-100/µl(n=48) and >100/µl(n=123)groups. The infection incidences of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) within 2 weeks around each time point were compared between different groups. According the counts of CD3CD4T cells at 3 months after-transplant, these patients were divided into 2 groups, i.e.>100/µl (n=30) and ≤100/µl (n=48). The incidences and duration of HCMV and EBV infection, overall survival rate were compared between 2 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidences of CMV and EBV infection significantly decreased in CD3CD4T cell >100/µl group as compared with <50/µl and 50-100/µl groups. At 3 months after-transplant, there was lower incidence rates of CMV disease, EBV infection, shorter durations of CMV infection and better survival in CD3CD4T cell >100/µl group as compared with ≤100/µl group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD3CD4T cell count is a good predictor for CMV and EBV infection after allo-HSCT in SAA patients. There are low risk of infe-ctions from CMV and EBV when CD3CD4T cell count >100/µl in any time after transplant, which means lower occurrence of CMV and EBV infection and better survival when CD3CD4T cell counts is >100/µl in 3 months after transplant in SAA patients.</p>

Effect of RYBP Gene Silencing on Sensitivity of HL-60 Cells to Chemotherapeutic Drugs / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of RYBP gene on sensitivity of HL-60 cells to chemotherapy drugs by using RNA interference.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasmid expressing RYBP specific shRNA was constructed and then was used to establish the RYBP knockdown stable HL-60 cell line. Q-PCR and Western blot were used to confirm the efficacy of RYBP gene silencing at mRNA and protein level respectively; then the DNA ladder and Annexin V labeled flow cytometry were used to detect cell apoptosis; CCK-8 was used detect the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to the chemotherapeutic drug cytarabine or daunorubicin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The lentiviral-RYBP-shRNA vector was succesfully and effectively inhibit the expression of RYBP at mRNA and protein in HL-60 cells. It was found that without chemotherapy drug treatment the apoptosis rate of RYBP shRNA group was lower than that of the empty vector control group (NC group). When treated with cytarabine, the apoptosis rate and inhibitive rate of RYBP shRNA group were lower than those of NC group. Besides, when treated with daunorubicin, the apoptosis rate of RYBP shRNA group was lower than that of NC group, while the inhibitive rate had no significant difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RYBP gene silencing can inhibitive the apoptosis of HL-60 cells and significantly reduce the sensitivity to cytarabine, but this gene silencing can't affect the sensitivity to daunorubicin.</p>

Prevention and treatment of skin complications following BAHA implantation / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the skin complications of 16 cases received bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) implantations, and the clinical experience for prevention and treatment skin complications following BAHA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective review 16 patients who received BAHA implantation from December 2010 to March 2013, and summarize the complications and treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four patients (1/4) suffered from skin complications. According to Holgers classification, two patients (1/8) had a Holgers Grade 1-2 skin reaction and cured by local application of antibiotics. Two patients (1/8) experienced Holgers Grade 3 skin reaction received revision surgeries for excessive soft tissue growth. One patient replaced the BAHA abutment with a longer 9.0mm one.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Infection and skin overgrowth around the abutment was the common complications of BAHA implantation. Standardize the peri-operative managements, and clean the skin regularly would prevent the skin complication. Additional surgical intervention should be applied timely in the cases of severe complications.</p>

Dissection of inner ear neuroepithelium in zebrafish / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a model by using zebrafish for the inner ear development and disease research, to explore the possibility of complete dissection of inner ear neuroepithelium in zebrafish by surface preparation of inner ear maculae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The inner ear samples of zebra fish were fixed followed by harvesting. After decalcified and dehydrated, the coronal cryosections were made at 3 µm thickness at -23°C using cryostat, the hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence and histochemistry staining were performed, the saccules, utricles and lagenaes were successfully obtained by fine dissection. The sensory maculae were mounted on glass and then were stained.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence and histochemistry staining of cryosections, the sensory maculae of inner ear could be determined by otoliths. On the basis of distinguish of otoliths, the sensory maculae of inner ear could be finely dissected, the overall integrity of the sensory maculae could be preserved completely. After immunofluorescence and histochemistry staining, intact epithelia with strong hair cell bundle staining could be seen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The neuroepithelium hair cell examination of zebra fish can be entirely attained by surface preparation of inner ear maculae.</p>

Detection of human papillomavirus in the upper respiratory tract in children without recurrent respiratory papillomatosis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy specimens from pediatric patients without juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP), so as to understand the effect of HPV infection in the upper respiratory tract in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and forty-one pediatric patients without known JORRP or other HPV-related diseases undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy for hypertrophy or chronic tonsillitis were enrolled in this prospective study. One hundred and seventy-seven fresh samples of tonsillar tissues and 195 samples of adenoid tissues were collected and then examined for the presence of HPV DNA with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and typing. Laryngeal papilloma specimens from 17 patients obtained during routine debulking procedures were also analyzed and served as positive controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 17 papilloma specimens were positive for HPV DNA and the type was 6 or 11. This result confirmed that the methods used were valid for detecting HPV infection. HPV DNA was detected in 2 of the 177 tonsillar specimens and zero of the 195 adenoid specimens. The two positive samples were confirmed with typing. One was positive for HPV6 and the other for HPV11. Review of the medical records of these two cases confirmed that there were no history of HPV-related diseases. Histologic analysis of their specimens showed lymphoid hyperplasia, no specific changes suggesting HPV infection and no signs of malignancy. The HPV infection rate in upper respiratory tract was 0.8% (2/241).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is HPV infection in upper respiratory tract in Chinese children without JORRP, but maybe is not sufficient for the formation of JORRP.</p>

Efficacy in patients with outer and middle ear deformities of using bone-anchored hearing aids / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and satisfaction of bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) in patients with outer and middle ear deformities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven patients with bilateral microtia and aural atresia, and three patients with unilateral microtia and bilateral middle ear malformation were fitted with soft-band BAHA for a few months, followed by receiving unilateral BAHA implantation. Mean pure-tone thresholds and speech audiometry tests results were compared among patients without hearing aid, with soft-band BAHA, and with implanted BAHA. Scores from the BAHA users' questionnaires and Glasgow children's benefit inventory (GCBI) were used to measure patient satisfaction and subjective health benefit.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean pure-tone thresholds of the patients were (64.8 ± 5.9) dBHL for those without hearing aid, (30.2 ± 3.7) dBHL for those with soft-band BAHA, and (20.3 ± 3.9) dBHL for those with implanted BAHA. The average decline in pure-tone threshold was (36.2 ± 8.0) dBHL for those with soft-band BAHA, and an additional decline of (12.2 ± 3.4) dBHL was achieved with implanted BAHA. The average gains in speech discrimination scores (SDS) were (3.00 ± 1.07)% for those without hearing aids and (89.39 ± 5.83)% for those with implanted BAHA in sound field of 45dBHL. SDS were (57.55 ± 10.30)% for those without hearing aids and (91.19 ± 4.16)% for those with implanted BAHA in sound field of 65dBHL. The average gains in SDS were (88.21 ± 6.86)% and (38.04 ± 7.56)% tested with 45dBHL and 65dBHL respectively. Sound reception thresholds (SRT) without hearing aids were (63.1 ± 5.9) dBHL and (24.7 ± 3.5) dBHL for those with implanted BAHA. The average gains in SRT was (39.6 ± 6.2) dBHL. The BAHA application questionnaire demonstrated excellent patient satisfaction. The general benefit score was 35.59 ± 14.35.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BAHA remains one of the most reliable methods of auditory rehabilitation and improves quality of life for patients with ear deformities.</p>

Preliminary comparison study of adipogenic differentiation capacity between dedifferentiated adipocytes cells and adipose-derived stem cells in vivo / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the adipogenic differentiation capacity of dedifferentiated adipocytes cells (DA) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in vivo, so as to select good adipogenic seed cells for tissue engineering.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mature adipocytes and ASCs were isolated by means of enzymatic digestion from the liposuction aspirate. Then the DA cells were acquired by ceiling adherent culture of mature adipocytes and the 3rd passage cells were used. The DA cells and ASCs were cultured with fibrin glue in vitro respectively. The compatibility of scaffold with cells was detected by microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The scaffold-cell composite was also labeled by DiI. The composite was injected subcutaneously on the nude mice back, respectively (DA-FG group, n = 8; ASCs-FG group, n = 8; sham FG group, n = 8). 8 weeks after implantation, the newly formed tissue was taken out for general observation and histologic study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mature adipocytes were transferred to DA cells with spindle shape, like fibroblast. The ASCs were also spindle. Three days after culture of cell-scaffold composite in vitro, the cells grew well. 8 weeks after implantation, the newly formed tissue was found under the skin both in DA-FG and ASCs-FG groups, but not in sham FG group. The newly formed tissue was mature fat tissue and originated from the seed cells. The average wet weight of the new-formed tissue was higher in DA-FG group than that in ASCs-FG group. The average fibrosis ratio was lower in DA-FG than in ASCs-FG group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The tissue-engineered adipose tissue can be achieved with DA cells and ASCs as seed cells. Compared with ASCs, the new-formed fat tissue with DA has a higher wet weight and lower fibrosis ratio.</p>

Perichondrium/cartilage composite graft for repairing large tympanic membrane perforations and hearing improvement / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The main risk factors for postoperative failure in tympanoplasties are large perforations that are difficult to repair, annular perforations, and a tympanic membrane (TM) with extensive granular myringitis that require middle ear exploration and mastoidectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate a novel technique of perichondrium/cartilage composite graft for repairing the large TM perforation in the patient of otitis media.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective chart reviews were conducted for 102 patients with large tympanic membrane perforations, who had undergone tympanoplasty from August 2005 to August 2008. Tympanoplasty or tympanomastoidectomy using a perichondrium/cartilage composite graft was analyzed. The tragal or conchal perichondrium/cartilage was used to replace the tympanic membrane in patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients aged from 13 to 67 years were followed up in average for 24 months (10 - 36 months). Seventy-four ears (72.61%) were used the tragal perichondrium/cartilage as graft material and 27 ears (27.39%) were used the conchal perichondrium/cartilage. Graft take was successful in all patients. Postoperative complications such as wound infection, hematoma, or sensorineural hearing loss were not identified. Nine patients (8.82%) had the partial ossicular replacement prosthesis, 14 patients (13.72%) using the autologous curved incus and 79 patients (77.45%) without prosthesis. Successful closure occurred in 92% of the ears. A total of 85.8% patients achieved a postoperative hearing improvement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The graft underlay tympanoplasty using perichondrium/cartilage composite is effective for the majority of patients with large perforation. The hearing was improved even if the mastoidectomy was required in the patients with otitis media with extensive granulation.</p>

Neuronal degeneration of the auditory nervous center in the mouse model of cochlear ablation / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the long-term effect of cochlear ablation on cochlear nucleus (CN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 BALB/c adult mice were used in the present study. Mice were divided into experimental group and control group at random. In experimental group, the cochlea was destroyed with stainless steel needle under the anatomy microscopy. Mice were tested for ABR thresholds at second day and 4 months after operation to assess hearing sensitivity. Animals were allowed to survive for four months. Histological sections of the cochlear nucleus were evaluated with serial sections stained with Nissl staining and silver staining alternatively. Morphological change in anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN), dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and octopus cell area (OCA) was observed evaluated four month later after the cochlear ablation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the experimental group, after operation, early components of ABR couldn't be recognized. The volume of CN was decreased dramatically and the cells were less comparing to the control group. The volume of AVCN after cochlear ablation showed a decline to 22% less than the control group, and the number of neurons also dropped by 25%. In PVCN, the decreased volume by 40% with significant neuronal loss of 47% was observed four month later after the cochlear ablation. And in DCN, the volume shrinking to 24% and the loss of neurons reached to 39%. The most significant change was observed in OCA (octopus cell area), with the neuron numbers, the area and the volume of OCA decreased by 60%, 19%, and 47% respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U test) in the morphological changes between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Neuronal degeneration was observed in cochlear nucleus after four months cochlear ablation.</p>

Experimental study of human adipocyte dedifferentiation for adipose tissue engineering / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes and the possibility of adipose tissue engineering using dedifferentiated adipocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human adipose tissue was harvested from healthy women undergoing abdominal liposuction procedures, and mature adipocytes were isolated with enzymatic digestion and cultured by ceiling adherent culture method, using the third-passage cells for subsequent experiment. The cells were cultured in adipogenic, chondrogenic or osteogenic media, and Oil red-O staining, Alcian blue staining and Alizarin red staining were used for dedifferentiation identification. The third-passage cells labeled with DiI were mixed with fibrin glue and injected subcutaneously on one side of the nude mouse back (n=6), and fibrin glue solution without cells as control was injected on the other side (n=6). After 8 weeks of cell implantation, the specimens were harvested for general observation and histological, Oil red-O staining and fluorescent microscope analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mature adipocytes were round, unilocular cells. After ceiling adherent culture, the adipocytes underwent morphological changes into fibroblast-like cells indicating their dedifferentiation. The dedifferentiated adipocytes were induced for adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in specified media. Eight weeks after the cell injection in nude mice, newly formed tissue occurred which was identified as mature adipose tissue. The implants without cells were completely absorbed in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mature adipocytes can dedifferentiate in vitro culture, and the dedifferentiated adipocytes are capable of differentiating into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Adipose tissue engineering can be achieved in vivo using the dedifferentiated adipocytes as the seed cells.</p>

Detection of miR-122a and miR-224 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expressions of miR-122 and miR-224 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and investigate the significance of miRNAs in early diagnosis of HCC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>2(-Delta Delta CT) method was used for quantitative analysis of the expression pattern of miR-122 and miR-224 in 35 HCC and adjacent normal tissues. All the quantitative results were confirmed by Northern blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the HCC tissues showed significant miR-122 down-regulation (P<0.01) and miR-224 over-expression (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HCC has obvious alteration in the expression patterns of miR-122 and miR-224, and real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR provide a new means for early, efficient, and accurate diagnosis of HCC.</p>

In vitro study of directional inducible differentiation of inner ear hair cells from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of directionally inducing human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) towards inner ear hair cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue were isolated, purified and cultured in vitro. hAD-MSCs were induced to neural stem/progenitor-like cell, and then co-cultured with embryonic chick otic vesicle cells. Processed hAD-MSCs were tested by immunostaining to ascertain whether they expressed characteristic hair cell markers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Morphologically, hAD-MSCs were induced to differentiate into neural stem/progenitor cells and expressed specific neural markers. After being co-cultured with embryonic chick otic vesicle cells, hAD-MSCs expressed specific surface markers of inner ear hair cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>hAD-MSCs can be directionally induced to differentiate towards hair cell-like cells in vitro.</p>

Clinical analysis of otogenic intracranial complications / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical features and treatment protocols of otogenic intracranial complications in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective study of 14 patients (10 males and 4 females, aged between 12 - 62 years, mean age 32.1 years) hospitalized from 1982 - 2006. Twelve cases were otitis media (OM) with cholesteatoma, the other 2 cases were non-cholesteatomatous OM. All the otogenic intracranial complications located at the same sides as otologic disorders. Brain abscess was the most common type of otogenic complications and Proteus was the most common microorganism detected. Suppurative ear discharge, headache, high fever and nausea with vomiting were the most common clinical manifestations with very high incidences. All the patients received combined protocols of mastoid surgeries and antibiotics treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 14 patients recovered clinically. For patients discharged before 1987, there were 4 patients followed up for 22.5 - 24.4 years with a mean time of 23.8 without recurrence, 1 patient died of cardiovascular disease 19.2 years later after discharge, 4 patients lost follow-up. For the 5 patients discharged after 1997, brain abscess recurred in one patient with pseudo-recovery after 24 days and he fully recovered after re-hospitalization and treatment. All the five patients were followed up for 1.5 years to 10.6 years with a mean time of 6.5 years without recurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Youngsters and males seemed to be more vulnerable. Brain abscess was the most common intracranial complication and Proteus was the most common pyogenic microorganism. Combination of mastoid surgery and antibiotics were essential for effectively controlling the intracranial complications and improving the recovery. CT and MRI were essential for correct diagnosis bedtimes and MRI seemed to have a better performance.</p>

Progress of study on applying traditional Chinese medicine and drugs in cardiac surgery / 中国中西医结合杂志

Application of traditional Chinese medicine and drugs in cardiac surgery have won great progress in recent 10 years, mainly presented in aspects of the treatment of coronary heart disease, myocardium protection, cardiopulmonary bypass and pulmonary hypertension.