Clinical effects of the open versus closed high tibial osteotomy on knee osteoarthritis / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To compare clinical effects of the open versus closed high tibial osteotomy on knee osteoarthritis.Methods:A total of 100 patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted to our hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were included.They were randomly divided into groups A and B(n=50, each group)according to the principle of random and double blind.Patients in group A received the medial opening high tibial osteotomy, and group B were treated with lateral closed high tibial osteotomy.The changes in the Lysholm knee score, hospital for special surgery(HSS)knee score and complications were compared between the two groups before and 1 year after surgery.The correction angle, the change of patella height before and after operation, and the change of posterior slope of tibial plateau were compared between the two groups.Results:Before and after treatment, Lysholm scores were(63.51±5.47)and(90.98±5.84)( t=24.275, P=0.000), and HSS scores were(51.85±4.68)and(88.64±5.87)( t=34.652, P=0.000). Lysholm scores were(62.98±6.14)and(91.52±6.54 9)( t=22.497, P=0.000), and HSS scores were(52.05±5.16)and(89.54±5.15)( t=36.362, P=0.000)in group A and B, .After treatment, all index were significantly improved in the two groups, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups( P>0.05). In group A, the posterior slope of tibial plateau were(8.75±1.48)° and(10.25±1.65)°( t=4.785, P=0.000)and the patellar height was(0.890±0.031)and(0.898±0.032)( t=1.270, P=0.207)before and after treatment.Before and after treatment in group B, the posterior slope of tibial plateau were(8.69±1.53)° and(5.26±1.21)°( t=12.434, P=0.000)and the patellar height were(0.889±0.047)and(0.821±0.039)( t=7.873, P=0.000). The correction angle, posterior slope of tibial plateau and patella height were significantly improved after treatment in the two groups.While, the decreases of posterior slope of tibial plateau and patella height were better in the group B than in the group A( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups( P>0.05). Conclusions:For treatment of knee osteoarthritis patients, the medial opening high tibial osteotomy and lateral closed high tibial osteotomy have the same exact effect and high safety, but the two methods have their own advantages and disadvantages in clinical treatment.And the appropriate surgical treatment can be selected according to the characteristics of patients.

Value of stress hyperglycemia ratio in predicting the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the value of stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) in predicting the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure (AHF).Methods:AHF patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital from December 2016 to January 2019 were retrospectively included. Clinical data were recorded and SHR was calculated. According to the survival of the patients within 1 year, they were divided into the death group ( n=89) and the survival group ( n=218). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between SHR and the prognosis of AHF patients. Results:A total of 307 patients aged 83 ( range 74-87) years old who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study, including 153 males and 104 females. The age, SHR and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the death group were higher than those in the survival group [84 (78, 88) vs 82 (72, 86), 1.11 (0.91, 1.51) vs 1.02 (0.86, 1.27), 5 351 (2 098, 14 039)μg/L vs 4 243 (2 294, 7 565)μg/L ]. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the death group was significantly lower than that of the survival group [53 (45, 57) % vs 58 (44, 64) %, P< 0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that SHR was an independent risk factor for death in AHF patients ( OR=2.397, 95% CI: 1.285-4.471, P< 0.05). Median SHR was used to draw the survival curve. Patients with high SHR had a lower cumulative survival rate, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SHR can identify critically ill patients and is an independent risk factor for death in AHF patients.

Study on the diagnosis and transfusion treatment of thrombelastography for trauma-induced coagulopathy / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective@#To assess the diagnosis of thrombelastography (TEG) for trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) and explore whether TEG could guide transfusion for TIC patients.@*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed all trauma patients who underwent the TEG and conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) admission in the emergency intensive care unit from February to December 2018. The definition of TIC is prothrombin time (PT) 18 s, international normalized ratio (INR) 1.5, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 60 s or platelet count (PLT) 100×109/L. The diagnostic value of TEG for TIC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), and the transfusion guidance of TEG for TIC patients was assessed by multivariate regression analyses.@*Results@#A total of 242 patients were included, including 62 patients in the TIC group and 180 patients in the non-TIC group. The differences in TEG between the two groups were statistically significant. The AUCs of TIC assessed by maximum amplitude (MA) and coagulation index (CI) were the largest, 0.779 and 0.786 respectively, and the sensitivity were greater than 80% and NPV were greater than 90%. The sensitivity, PPV and NPV of reaction time (R) were minimal. After confounders were controlled, all TEG values were correlated with blood volumes within the first 24 h and massive transfusion, of which R had the highest odds ratio and regression coefficient.@*Conclusions@#MA and CI have the highest diagnostic value, while R has little diagnostic value but a relatively large blood therapeutic significance of TIC. MA < 52.9 mm or CI < -1.0 can be used as a threshold for identifying TIC. The diagnosis of TIC and the guidance transfusion for TIC patients by TEG is beneficial.

Preparation of human pneumococcal reference serum BW09 and assignment of IgG antibody concen-trations for 24 serotypes / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To prepare human pneumococcal reference serum and assign IgG antibody concentrations for its 24 serotypes. Methods Fifty healthy male and non-pregnant female volunteers were vaccinated once with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Plasma samples were collected follow-ing immunization and used to prepare reference serum BW09. IgG antibody concentrations of BW09 against the capsular polysaccharides of 24 serotypes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, 33F) were assigned by WHO recommended standardized Pn PS ELISA using 09CS (supplied by Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co. , Ltd) as a reference se-rum. Finally, 09CS, two quality control sera and eight serum samples had concentrations reassigned for 24 pneumococcal serotypes using BW09 as the reference, and the results were compared with those using 09CS as the reference serum. Results Glycerol-contained human pneumococcal reference serum BW09 was pre-pared and the IgG antibody concentrations for its 24 serotypes were assigned. 09CS had concentrations reas-signed for 24 pneumococcal serotypes using BW09 as the reference, and the newly assigned concentrations were similar to the original values (with percentage error less than 10％ in all serotypes). IgG antibodies against capsular polysaccharides of 24 serotypes of two quality control sera and eight serum samples were as-signed by BW09 and 09CS, and the results showed a linear correlation. Conclusions The human pneumo-coccal reference serum BW09 was successfully prepared and IgG antibody concentrations for its 24 serotypes were accurately assigned.

Study on the diagnosis and transfusion treatment of thrombelastography for trauma-induced coagulopathy / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To assess the diagnosis of thrombelastography (TEG) for trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) and explore whether TEG could guide transfusion for TIC patients.Methods We retrospectively analyzed all trauma patients who underwent the TEG and conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) admission in the emergency intensive care unit from February to December 2018.The definition of TIC is prothrombin time (PT) 18 s,international normalized ratio (INR) 1.5,activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 60 s or platelet count (PLT) 100 x 109/L.The diagnostic value of TEG for TIC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve,area under the curve (AUC),sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV),and the transfusion guidance of TEG for TIC patients was assessed by multivariate regression analyses.Results A total of 242 patients were included,including 62 patients in the TIC group and 180 patients in the non-TIC group.The differences in TEG between the two groups were statistically significant.The AUCs of TIC assessed by maximum amplitude (MA) and coagulation index (CI) were the largest,0.779 and 0.786 respectively,and the sensitivity were greater than 80％ and NPV were greater than 90％.The sensitivity,PPV and NPV of reaction time (R) were minimal.After confounders were controlled,all TEG values were correlated with blood volumes within the first 24 h and massive transfusion,of which R had the highest odds ratio and regression coefficient.Conclusions MA and CI have the highest diagnostic value,while R has little diagnostic value but a relatively large blood therapeutic significance of TIC.MA ＜ 52.9 mm or CI ＜-1.0 can be used as a threshold for identifying TIC.The diagnosis of TIC and the guidance transfusion for TIC patients by TEG is beneficial.

miR-375 promotes prostate cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting KLF4 / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the expression,role and mechanism of miR-375 in prostate cancer (PCa) cells.Methods PCa cells were cultured and transfected with plasmid,the migration and invasion of PCa were detected by Transwell;the expression of miR-375 and KLF4 mRNA were detected by qPCR;the expression of KLF4 were detect by Western blot;the potential target genes of miR-375 were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified by dual luciferase report.Results The expression of miR-375 were significantly up-regulated in the PCa;Inhibited the expression of miR-375 could significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of PCa cells.KLF4 was the potential target genes of miR-375,which verified through bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase report.The expression of KLF4 were significantly down-regulated in the PCa.Inhibited the expression of miR-375 could significantly up-regulated the expression of KLF4.Inhibited the KLF4 expression was able to reverse the suppressive effect miR-375 has on the migration and invasion of PCa cells.Conclusion miR-375 promotes the migration and invasion of PCa via inhibiting the expression of KLF4 and play the oncogene role.MiR-375 can be used as therapeutic targets for PCa,and provide a new direction for the treatment of PCa.

Risk factors of deep vein thrombosis in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in a cohort of Chinese patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI),and in addition,to evaluate the effect of injury types and concomitant injuries of other parts of body.Method Records of 143 casualties admitted to our institute for TSCI were analyzed retrospectively.Both lower extremities of all casualties were examined routinely with color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) before major surgical treatment.None of these casualties received any thromboprophylaxis before CDUS.Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of DVT.Results Of the 143 patients,32.2％ (n =46) suffered from DVT (proximal n =15,distal n =31).All casualties were diagnosed within one week after injury (mean 3.35 ± 1.65 days).Risk factors associated with DVT induced complete motor paralysis (odds ratio [OR] 5.05,95％ CI 1.70-14.90),concomitant fracture of lower extremities (OR 4.30,95％ CI 1.34-17.64),and lumbar vertebra injury (OR 4.29.95％ CI 1.50-10.83).Conclusions Clinically detectable DVT in TSCI are not uncommon in the Chinese population.Casualties with multiple risk factors may be benefited from early administration of thromboprophylaxis.

Impact of Modified Bazhen Decoction on Bone Marrow Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 in Chronic Aplastic Anemia Patients / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effect of modified Bazhen Decoction ( MBD) on bone marrow fibroblast growth factor-1 ( FGF-1) in chronic aplastic anemia ( CAA) patients. Methods Sixty cases of CAA were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 30 cases in each group. Both groups were given conventional western medicine such as oral use of Stanozolol and Ciclosporin, and additionally, the treatment group received oral use of MBD. Six months constituted one treatment course for both groups. After treatment, the clinical efficiency in western medicine field and on Chinese medical syndromes was evaluated in both groups. The changes of peripheral hemogram, adverse reaction, and FGF-1 in the bone marrow of both groups were also monitored. Results ( 1) Clinical efficacy in western medicine field was 80.0% in the treatment group, and was 66.7%in the control group (P<0.05). (2) The total effective rate on Chinese medical syndromes was 100.0% in the treatment group, and was 83.3%in the control group (P<0.05). (3) After treatment, the scores of symptoms were decreased in both groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01 compared with those before treatment), and the decrease in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P<0.05). (4) Peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB) content and platelet (PLT) count as well as bone marrow FGF-1 were increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.01 compared with those before treatment), and the increase of WBC, HGB, PLT and FGF-1 in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P<0.05). (5) In the aspect of the adverse reaction, the treatment group had 2 cases of hepatic fucntion injury, and one case of acne and hairiness; the control group had 2 cases of gum hypertrophy, 5 cases of hepatic function injury, and 4 cases of acne and hairiness. The control group had higher incidence of adverse reaction ( P<0.05). Conclusion MBD exerts certain therapeutic effect for CAA, and one of the possible mechanisms is related with the regulation of FGF-1 level.

Sex hormone levels may be an important factor influencing the gender dimorphism in prognosis of severe trauma patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To describe the association between age and the sex-based outcome difference and analyze the potential mechanism responsible for sex-based outcome difference in severe trauma patients.Methods A retrospective analysis derived from the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the acute trauma center of the Shanghai Municipal Sixth People's Hospital during the 2010-2013 period was performed to identify sex-based outcome differences after severe blunt trauma.The study cohort of patients was then stratified by age:(1) 18 years ≤ age ＜45 years,(2) 45 years ≤ age ≤ 55 years,and (3) age ＞55 years.Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to evaluate the association between gender and the hospitalized mortality,both overall and subgroups according to age categories.Results A total of 987 severe trauma patients met our inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study.Crude mortality was higher in male severe trauma patients (male 9.1％ vs.female 5.0％,P ＜ 0.05).Multiple logistic regression revealed that females had a 79％ decrease in hospitalized mortality compared with males (OR =0.21,95％ CI:0.07-0.64,P =0.006).This difference was most distinct in patients with age ＜ 45 years,(OR =0.15,95％ CI:0.04-0.67,P =0.012).There is no significant difference between genders in mortality of trauma patients with 45 years ≤ age ≤ 55 years and age ＞ 55 years.Conclusions The present study revealed a statistical significant association between gender and mortality among severe blunt trauma patients,particularly in patients with age ＜ 45 years.These results may highlight the importance of sex hormones in outcomes of severe trauma.

General Pharmacological Study of Aloe’s Whole-leaf Freeze-dried Powder / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the general pharmacological effects of Aloe's whole-leaf freeze-dried powder (AWFD), and observe its influence on cardiovascular system, nervous system and respiratory system of laboratory animals, so as to offer an experimental basis for clinical application. Methods Forty-eight mice were randomized into blank control group, high dosage group, medium dosage group and low dosage group of AWFD (12 mice for each group). AWFD high, medium and low dosage groups were treated by intragastric at the dose of 12.20, 3.90, 0.65 g/(kg?d), blank control group was treated by equal volume of sterilized distilled water. After three days, general behavior, spontaneous activity, coordinated movement, sleep situation induced by sodium pentobarbital in subthreshold dose and suprathreshold dose were observed. Twenty-four beagle were randomized into blank control group, high dosage group, medium dosage group and low dosage group of AWFD (6 beagles for each group). AWFD high, medium and low dosage groups were treated by duodenum at the dose of 6.10, 3.41, 0.71 g/(kg?d), blank control group was treated by equal volume of sterilized distilled water. The influence on blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, breathing flow and frequency in anesthetic dogs were observed. Results Three dosages of AWFD had no obvious influence on spontaneous activity and coordinated movement in mice, and had no evidently influence on sleep number and duration, but the high dosage group of AWFD had influence on sleep latency (P<0.01). AWFD had no impact on blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, breathing flow and frequency in anesthetic dogs. Conclusion AWFD has no evident effects on cardiovascular system and respiratory system in laboratory animal, however, the impact on the central nervous system remains to be further verified.

Study on General Pharmacology of Marigold Lutein / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Marigold lutein on the cardiovascular system, the nervous system and the respiratory system of experimental animals. Methods The influence on blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, breathing flow and frequency in anesthetic dogs were observed after duodenum euonymus, and the impact on spontaneous activity, coordinated movement, and the sleep situation of threshold dose and sunthreshold dose pentobarbital sodium in mice were observed by intragastric administration of Marigold lutein. Results Marigold lutein had no side effects on breathing flow and frequency, blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram in anesthetic dog, and had no obvious influence on spontaneous activity and coordinated movement in mice. Marigold lutein did not evidently change the number and the time of sleeping in mice. Conclusion Marigold lutein has no evident effects on respiratory system, cardiovascular system and central nervous system of experimental animals.

Study on General Pharmacology of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the influences of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on cardiovascular system, nervous system and respiratory system of experimental animals, and provide general pharmacological data for further research and application. Methods The influences of GSPE on blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, breathing frequency and tidal volume in anesthetic dogs after duodenal administration were observed, the impacts on spontaneous activity, coordinated motion, and the sleep situation with threshold dose and subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium in mice after intragastric administration were observed. Results GSPE showed no side effects on blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, breathing frequency and tidal volume in anesthetic dogs at the dosage of 857.00, 214.29, 42.86 mg/kg (P>0.05). At the dosage of 428.57, 214.29, 42.86 mg/kg, GSPE had no obvious influence on spontaneous activities and coordinated movements in mice (P>0.05). GSPE did not evidently change the number of sleeping animals, the sleep latency and the sleeping duration with subthreshold dose and threshold dose of pentobarbital sodium (P>0.05). Conclusion GSPE has no evident adverse effects on central nervous system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system in animals.

Experimental Study on Toxicological Interaction of Ingredients in Sini Decoction / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective The toxicological compatibility of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix, as a toxic Chinese medicinal herb, combined with the other ingredients in Sini Decoction was investigated to elucidate the rationality of the combination of the ingredients in Sini Decoction from toxicological point of view. Methods Three kinds of experiments, acute toxicity in mice, heart toxicity in rats and aconitines level in water extract of Sini Decoction and its ingredients including Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix alone and its combination with licorice or dried ginger were adopted in this study. In the toxicological experiments, LD50 values for the acute toxicity test and TD50 values for the heart toxicity (arrhythemia as a parameter) of Sini Decoction, Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix alone and its combination with licorice or dried ginger were comparatively determined. And levels of individual aconitines of the water extracts from Sini Decoction, Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix alone and its combination with licorice or dried ginger were measured, respectively. Results The LD50 and TD50 of the combination of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix and licorice in Sini Decoction were found to be higher than Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix alone or Sini Decoction, while the LD50 and TD50 of the combination of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix and dried ginger appeared to be not different from those of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix alone. The level of the main toxic compound of the water extracts for the combination of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix and licorice, and Sini Decoction was lower than that of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix alone and its combination with dried ginger. Conclusion The combination of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix and licorice can attenuate the toxicity of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix.

Detoxication experimental study on different compatibility proportion of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through the paired comparison on the toxicity effect of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata of different compatibility proportion of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, to observe the detoxication effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Paired comparison on the mouse acute toxicity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata with different compatibility proportion of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, to assay the LD50. Paired comparison on the rat heart toxicity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata with different compatibility proportion of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, to assay the TD50. We dilute medicated serum of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata plus Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (3:1), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata plus Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (1: 1) into 5%, 10%, 20% solution with serum free DMEM, to survey the effect of different concentration of medicated serum to the pulsing rhythm of myocardial cell of original generation newborn rat, cell surviva rate and content of LDH in myocardial cells.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>LD50 and TD50 of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata can be increased after adding Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Compared to the blank serum, medicated serum with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata can obviously increased the pulse rhythm of myocardial cell and the content of LDH (P < 0.05). The medicated serum with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata added different proportion of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma can reduce the acceleration of myocardial cell's rhythm, which is induced by Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, and can reduce the content of LDH. With the increased ratio of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the effect is stronger. But for the serum with different concerntration of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata or Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata added Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, there is no obvious effect to the cell survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has the detoxication effect through increasing the ultimatetotaldosage of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. The detoxication effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata is through restraining the increased rhythm of myocardial cell and protecting the myocardial cell.</p>

Experimental study on combination attenuation of mutual-detoxication and mutual restraint about Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>According to the record of mutual-detoxication and mutual restraint in ancient Chinese materia medica, to research the influence to the toxicity of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix added the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which is mutual-detoxication and mutual restraint to it.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>ICR mouse, 0.4 microL x g(-1), to pour the fluid into stomach, paired comparison of acute toxicity of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix seperately added different ratio of Sileris Radix, Astragali Radix and Polygalae Radix, and ad-measure the dose for LD50. SD rats, administration by injection through duodenum, 20 microL x g(-1), paired comparison of heart toxicity of Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix seperately added different ratio of Sileris Radix, Astragali Radix and Polygalae Radix, and admeasure the dose for TD50.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>LD50, and heart toxicity of TD50 were increased after Aconiti Carmichaeli Radix added separately, its toxicity attenuation is related to the ratio.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mutual-detoxication and mutual restraint are the summary drawed when China ancient people is in the process of using toxic TCM and it is scientific.</p>

Practice and experience of the paperless examination in pharmacology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

With a comparison between the Non-paper Test model and the traditional one in pharmacology test, an objective analysis was made about the strengths and weaknesses of two test models. This practice shows that the paperless examination can promote teaching and help to improve the teaching quality, but need to be further improved.

Apoptotic induction of Aspisol on melanoma A375 cells / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the apoptotic induction of Aspisol on melanoma A375 cells.Methods The growth inhibition effect of Aspisol on A375 cells was evaluated by MTY assay.Morphological assay was observed by inverted microscope.Early apoptofic rate in A375 cells Was anyzed by flow cytometry.Results The results of MTT assay demonstrated that the growth of A375 cells was inhibited by Aspisol in a time-and concentration-dependence (P＜0.01).FCM analysis showed that Aspisol could markedly induce apeptosis;the early apoptotie rate of A375 cells exposed to different concentrations of Aspisol for 24 h were significant differences(P＜0.05)compared with control group.Conclusion Aspisol could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of A375 cells.

Preliminary study of aspisol inhibition on proliferation of breast cancer cells / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Many studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) may inhibit cancer growth.However,the molecular mechanisms may involve different pathway and still remain unclear.The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of aspisol against breast cancer lines,including MDA-MB-231(estrogen receptor-negative),MCF-7(estrogen receptor-positive),and reveal the potential signaling pathway mechanism of aspisol effect on breast cancer lines.Methods:MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines were treated with aspisol in vitro.Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and rate of apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry.Extracellular signal regulated kinase(ERK),phosphor-ERK(P-ERK) protein expressed in breast cancer cell lines were analyzed by Western blot.Results:①The results of MTT assay demonstrated that the growth of MDA-MB-231,MCF-7 cells were inhibited by aspisol in a time-and dose-dependent fashion(P0.05).Conclusions:aspisol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis not only in ER-positive but also in ER-negative breast cancer cells.The mechanism may relate to ERK signal pathway.

Inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of aspisol on proliferation of B16 melanoma / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of aspisol on proliferation of B16 melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods The effect of aspisol on the proliferation of B16 cells was analyzed by MTT assay; its effect on cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The suspension of melanoma cells was injected subcutaneously into forelimb axillas of C57BL/6J mice to establish xenograft models. From the next day, the mice received intraperitoneal injection of aspisol in different concentrations once a day for 28 days; the mice received injection of dacarbazine (DTIC) were used as positive controls,and received injection of normal saline (NS) were used as negative controls. The inhibition rate of tumor growth was calculated .The apoptosis rate was detected by TUNEL assay. The expression of Survivin and C-erbB-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Aspisol inhibited the proliferation of B16 cells, with the inhibition rate up to (68.78?1.27)%, and induced the apoptosis with the highest apoptosis rate up to 15.8%.The inhibition rate of tumor growth was 15.0% in 200 mg?kg-1 aspisol group, 32.3% in 400 mg?kg-1 aspisol group, 49.4% in 800 mg?kg-1 aspisol group,and 51.4% in 40 mg?kg-1 DTIC group. Typical apoptotic morphologic changes were seen in the 4 groups. Survivin and C-erbB-2 expression was significantly lower in aspisol groups than in NS group. Conclusion Aspisol could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo, which may be correlated to down-regulation of Survivin and C-erbB-2.

Protective effect of hemoglobin-induced heme oxygenase-1 on injured lungs caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the role of hemoglobin (HB) induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in injured lungs caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat model of ischemia in the hind limbs was made by clamping the infrarenal aorta with a microvascular clip, and lung injury occurred after reperfusion. To induce the expression of HO-1 in the lungs, Hb was administrated intraperitoneally at 16 hours before reperfusion. Northern blotting and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of HO-1 in the lungs, and the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level in arterial blood was assayed. The effect of hemoglobin (Hb) on the injured lungs after limb I/R was determined by measuring the changes of lung histology, polymorphonuclear (PMN) count, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D). Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), an inhibitor of HO, was used to determine whether HO-1 was induced by Hb after lung injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hb led to a significant increase in HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in the lungs, accompanied by the increase of COHb level in arterial blood. Compared with the sham controls, the lung PMN count, MDA content and W/D significantly increased at 4 hours after limb I/R, which reversed by the pretreatment with Hb at 16 hours before reperfusion. ZnPP blocked this protective role of Hb in the injured lungs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hb can induce the lung HO-1 expression, which plays an important role in the defense against I/R induced lung injury in rats.</p>