Daily quality control data analysis and process evaluation of linear accelerator / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To analyze the quality control data of linear accelerator detected by Daily QA3 and to evaluate this quality control process using statistical process control.Methods After the calibrations of the accelerator and Daily QA3,Daily QA3 device was used to perform daily quality control by technicians and physicists and 100 groups and 30 groups of daily quality control data were collected.After the accelerator and Daily QA3 were re-calibrated,Daily QA3 device was utilized to perform daily quality control by technicians and 100 groups of the daily quality control data were repeatedly collected.The variations of normalized signal-to-noise ratio of quality control data collected after two calibrations were analyzed.The first 30 groups of daily quality control data measured by technicians and physicists were adopted to calculate the I-MR control chartsand compare the location of CL and the range of UCL and LCL.The process capability indices were calculated for three different quality control processes bytechnicians and physicists,respectively.Results For twice calibrations,normalized signal-to-noise ratio of quality control data significantly changed before 6 weeks,became stable between 6 and 8 weeks,and the changes became smaller after 8 weeks.For dose output measured by physicists,the rang of UCL and LCL was more narrow.In terms of flatness and symmetry,the location of CL was closer to zero.Regarding dose output and flatness,the process capability indices of three different quality control process were all satisfied ≥ 1,whereas unsatisfied for transverse symmetry.Conclusions The first 30-40 data points should be adopted to delineate I-MR control chart of the linear accelerator in daily quality control process.The quality control process should be completed by a fixed and small group of personnel and an optimal tolerance level should be customized.

Value of double contrast-enhanced ultrasound QontraXt three-dimensional pseudocolor quantitative analysis to therapeutic effect evaluation of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the value of tumor perfusion parameter measured by using double contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS) QontraXt three-dimensional pseudocolor quantitative analysis to the therapeutic effect evaluation of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients.@*Methods@#Eighty-nine AGC patients underwent 3 cycles of preoperative NAC (XELOX) followed by complete resection of lesion. The DCEUS QontraXt three-dimensional pseudocolor was performed one or two weeks before the NAC and operation were applied, respectively. The peak enhancement (PE), time to peak (TP), sharpness of the bolus (β) and area under the enhancement curve (AUC) of primary gastric tumor were measured by QontraXt three-dimensional pseudocolor quantitative analysis. These DCEUS parameters between respond and non-respond groups before and after NAC therapy were compared. The prediction accuracy of DCEUS to the therapeutic effect evaluation of preoperative NAC was determined by the receive operating characteristic (ROC) curves.@*Results@#Among 89 AGC patients, 52 patients responded to NAC therapy, while 37 patients resisted to NAC therapy. Twelve cases in respond group and 26 cases in non-respond group were mucinous carcinoma. Forty cases in respond group and 11 cases in non-respond group were non-mucinous carcinoma (P<0.05). In responder group, the PE and TP before NAC were (53.7±9.3)% and (14 521±2 667) ms, and (32.2±5.5)% and (17 235±1 898) ms after NAC. The ratio of changes of PE (ΔPE) and TP (ΔTP) were 0.43±0.17 and 0.36±0.14, respectively. In non-respond group, the PE and TP before NAC were (54.4±7.2)% and (13 869±3 247) ms, and (45.3±6.1)% and (15 127±1 423) ms after NAC therapy. The ratio of ΔPE and ΔTP were 0.24±0.20 and 0.22±0.12. The PE and TP after NAC, the ratio of ΔPE and ΔTP were significant different among these two groups (all of P<0.05). The ROC curves showed that the ratio of ΔPE in assessing the respond of gastric cancer patients to NAC was superior compared to other parameters (AUC=0.784, P=0.004). The optimal cut-off value of the ratio of ΔPE was 24% and its sensitivity and specificity to the therapeutic effect evaluation of NAC in gastric cancer were 82.7% and 64.9%.@*Conclusion@#DCEUS QontraXt three-dimensional pseudocolor quantitative analysis might be a novel, noninvasive and reliable method to evaluate the therapeutic effect of preoperative NAC in AGC patients.

Preoperative gross classification of gastric adenocarcinoma: Comparison of double contrast-enhanced ultrasound and multi-detector row CT / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To compare the accuracy of double contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS) and multi-detector row CT (MDCT) in determining the gross classification in patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) preoperatively.Methods 239 patients with GC proved by endoscopic biopsy were included.DCEUS (intravenous microbubbles combined with oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound) and MDCT were performed preoperatively.The diagnostic accuracy of DCEUS and MDCT in determining gross classification was calculated and compared.Results The overall accuracy of DCEUS in determining the gross appearance of GC was higher than that of MDCT (85％ vs.80％,P ＜ 0.05);there was no significant difference in accuracy between DCEUS and MDCT for Borrmann Ⅰ and Ⅳ classification of AGC (x2 =1.175,P =0.323 for type Ⅰ;x2 =2.171,P =0.141 for type Ⅳ);the accuracy of DCEUS for EGC,Borrmann Ⅱ and Ⅲ classification of GC was higher than that of MDCT (x2 =16.307,P =0.000 for EGC;x2 =39.950,P =0.000 for type Ⅱ;x2 =35.770,P =0.000 for type Ⅲ).Conclusion DCEUS is valuable in determining gross typing of gastric adenocarcinoma preoperatively.

Consistency of bladder filling during intensity-modulated radiotherapy for cervical cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of the bladder scanner upon maintaining the consistency of bladder filling in cervical cancer patients during the intensity-modulated radiotherapy.Methods The bladder volume change of 20 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer throughout radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed to determine the timing of introducing the bladder scanner. Ten patients undergoing cervical cancer radiotherapy were selected to analyze the consistency between the bladder volume measured by bladder scanner and cone-beam CT (CBCT).The changes of bladder volume before and after the intervention of bladder scanner were statistically compared. Results In total,100 CBCT images of 20 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Nonparametric test demonstrated that the bladder volume significantly differed compared with the planning volume ( P< 0. 05). Bland-Altman plot illustrated high consistency between the bladder volume measured by the bladder scanner and CBCT images with a mean difference of-6. 66 cm3 (95％CI: - 53. 1-39. 83 cm3 ). Paired-t test showed there was statistical difference between the bladder volume before intervention and the planning bladder volume (P= 0. 000).The bladder volume after intervention did not significantly differ from the planning bladder volume (P= 0. 745). Conclusions The bladder volume significantly varies throughout the treatment process. Bladder scanner should be utilized prior to treatment. The bladder volume measured by the portable bladder scanner is consistent with the planning bladder volume.

Mild hypothermia alleviates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury via promoting neurons autophagy in mice / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the neurons autophagy and apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice,and to explore the effect of mild hypothermia on neurons autophagy and apoptosis.Methods The global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in C57 mice was established with carotid artery ligation method.Ninety-six C57 mice were randomly (random number) divided into 8 groups (n =12 in each group),namely control group (C0),sham group,normal body temperature group (NT,37 ℃) after I/R 6 h (C6 h),normal body temperature group after I/R 12 h (C12 h),normal body temperature group after I/R 72 h (C72 h),mild hypothermia group (MH,34 ℃) after I/R6 h (C6 h +MH),mild hypothermia group after I/R12 h (C12 h + MH),mild hypothermia group after I/R 72 h (C72 h + MH).The protein expressions of Sirt1,P-FoxO1,Rab7,P53 and autophagy related genes such as Beclin1,LC3 were detected by Western blot at given intervals.The LC3 granules were assayed by immunofluorescence.The neurons apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.The software of SPSS13.0 was used for statistical analysis.Measurement data was expressed with mean ± SD,and comparison between two groups was carried out with Student's t test,One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among groups,and P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in C57 mice was established successfully with bilateral carotid arteries ligation method.Compared with the control group,the protein expressions of Sirt1,P-FoxO1,Rab7,Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ / Ⅰ were gradually reduced,especially at 12 h after I/R in NT group (P ＜ 0.05),while the expression of P53 was obviously increased (P ＜0.05).In MH group,the expressions of Sirt1,P-FoxO1,Rab7,Beclin1,LC3 Ⅱ / Ⅰ were higher than those in NT group (P ＜ 0.05).And the expression of P53 was lower than that in NT group (P ＜0.05).Immuno-fluorescence test showed that compared with the control group,the LC3 particles of neurons cells were decreased significantly in group C12 (at 12 h after I/R 6.0 ± 1.5 vs.18.1 ±2.5,P ＜0.05).Nevertheless,LC3 particles were increased in MH group compared with NT group (36.1 ± 4.5 vs.6.0 ± 1.5,P ＜ 0.05).The results of TUNEL test showed that compared with the control group,neurons cells apoptosis were significantly increased in C72 group (at 72 h after I/R,54.8％ ±7.5％ vs.5.5％ ±1.2％,P ＜ 0.05).However,compared with NT group,neurons apoptosis were decreased in MH group (28.8％ ±4.5％ vs.54.8％ ±7.5％,P＜0.05).Conclusions The neuron autophagy was significantly reduced and apoptosis was significantly increased after ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R) in mice.However,mild hypothermia could increase the expression of Sirt1,FoxO1,beclin1 and LC3,so as to promote neurons autophagy and reduce apoptosis,which would provide therapy target for neurons injury after hypoxia and provide soundly theoretical basis for mild hypothermia for clinical application.

Feasibility study on setting the breast board support plate angle to 0° / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility to set the breast board support plate angle to 0° for breast cancer patient in the intensity modulated radiation therapy. Methods A total of 60 patients with breast cancer who received the simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy ( SIB-IMRT) after breast-conserving surgery were enrolled form Oct 2015 to Feb 2017. They were randomly divided into three groups that the angle of the breast board support plate was 12°, 7° and 0° respectively. The ipsilateral lung V20 , V5 , Dmean , the heart V10 , V30 , Dmean and the collimator angle were compared among three groups. In addition, the distribution of the setup error was analyzed and the group system error and random error were calculated. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the ipsilateral lung V20, V5, Dmean and the heart V10, V30, Dmean among the three groups(P >0. 05). The sum of the collimator angle and the angle of the support plate was about 13. 4° for each group. Only the setup error of z (vertical) direction was statistically different (χ2 =78. 32, P<0. 001) and the median of the 0° group was closest to the value 0 and the quartile spacing was the smallest. The absolute error of y ( longitudinal) , z directions was statistically different (χ2 =7. 63, 22. 61,P<0. 05). In the z direction, the absolute error was reduced as the angle of the support plate decreased and 0°group was the smallest. In the y direction, the absolute error at 12° was the smallest, but had little difference with that at 0°. Among three groups, the smallest system error of the x(lateral) direction and y direction was at 0°, while that of the z direction was at 12°. Conclusions To set the breast board support plate 0° is feasible. The angle of the support plate can be replaced by the collimator angle, while the setup error of z direction could be significantly reduced.

Differential expression and clinical significance of microRNA in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the differential expression and clinical significance of microRNA in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma .Methods From April 2013 to April 2016 ,65 cases of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients were recrui-ted into esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group ,meanwhile 65 healthy person were recruited into control group ,then analyze the significance of microRNA in the diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the relationship between the expression of microRNA and radiotherapy .Results The levels of microRNA-21 and microRNA-205 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group were significantly higher than those in healthy group(P<0 .05) .The sensitivities of microRNA-21 and microRNA-205 in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were 89 .23% ,84 .62% ,the specificity were 96 .92% ,95 .38% respectively .The sensitivity of radiotherapy in cancer tissues with high expression of microRNA-21 and microRNA-205 was significantly higher than that in cancer tissues with low expression (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion MicroRNA is important to assist the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ,and according to the expression of microRNA ,the sensitivity to radiotherapy could be evaluated ,which could guide clinicians to select proper treatment strategies to improve therapeutic effect .

Mild hypothermia alleviates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury via promoting neurons autophagy in mice / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the neurons autophagy and apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice,and to explore the effect of mild hypothermia on neurons autophagy and apoptosis.Methods The global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in C57 mice was established with carotid artery ligation method.Ninety-six C57 mice were randomly (random number) divided into 8 groups (n =12 in each group),namely control group (C0),sham group,normal body temperature group (NT,37 ℃) after I/R 6 h (C6 h),normal body temperature group after I/R 12 h (C12 h),normal body temperature group after I/R 72 h (C72 h),mild hypothermia group (MH,34 ℃) after I/R6 h (C6 h +MH),mild hypothermia group after I/R12 h (C12 h + MH),mild hypothermia group after I/R 72 h (C72 h + MH).The protein expressions of Sirt1,P-FoxO1,Rab7,P53 and autophagy related genes such as Beclin1,LC3 were detected by Western blot at given intervals.The LC3 granules were assayed by immunofluorescence.The neurons apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.The software of SPSS13.0 was used for statistical analysis.Measurement data was expressed with mean ± SD,and comparison between two groups was carried out with Student's t test,One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among groups,and P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in C57 mice was established successfully with bilateral carotid arteries ligation method.Compared with the control group,the protein expressions of Sirt1,P-FoxO1,Rab7,Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ / Ⅰ were gradually reduced,especially at 12 h after I/R in NT group (P ＜ 0.05),while the expression of P53 was obviously increased (P ＜0.05).In MH group,the expressions of Sirt1,P-FoxO1,Rab7,Beclin1,LC3 Ⅱ / Ⅰ were higher than those in NT group (P ＜ 0.05).And the expression of P53 was lower than that in NT group (P ＜0.05).Immuno-fluorescence test showed that compared with the control group,the LC3 particles of neurons cells were decreased significantly in group C12 (at 12 h after I/R 6.0 ± 1.5 vs.18.1 ±2.5,P ＜0.05).Nevertheless,LC3 particles were increased in MH group compared with NT group (36.1 ± 4.5 vs.6.0 ± 1.5,P ＜ 0.05).The results of TUNEL test showed that compared with the control group,neurons cells apoptosis were significantly increased in C72 group (at 72 h after I/R,54.8％ ±7.5％ vs.5.5％ ±1.2％,P ＜ 0.05).However,compared with NT group,neurons apoptosis were decreased in MH group (28.8％ ±4.5％ vs.54.8％ ±7.5％,P＜0.05).Conclusions The neuron autophagy was significantly reduced and apoptosis was significantly increased after ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R) in mice.However,mild hypothermia could increase the expression of Sirt1,FoxO1,beclin1 and LC3,so as to promote neurons autophagy and reduce apoptosis,which would provide therapy target for neurons injury after hypoxia and provide soundly theoretical basis for mild hypothermia for clinical application.

Feasibility study on setting the breast board support plate angle to 0° / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility to set the breast board support plate angle to 0° for breast cancer patient in the intensity modulated radiation therapy. Methods A total of 60 patients with breast cancer who received the simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy ( SIB-IMRT) after breast-conserving surgery were enrolled form Oct 2015 to Feb 2017. They were randomly divided into three groups that the angle of the breast board support plate was 12°, 7° and 0° respectively. The ipsilateral lung V20 , V5 , Dmean , the heart V10 , V30 , Dmean and the collimator angle were compared among three groups. In addition, the distribution of the setup error was analyzed and the group system error and random error were calculated. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the ipsilateral lung V20, V5, Dmean and the heart V10, V30, Dmean among the three groups(P >0. 05). The sum of the collimator angle and the angle of the support plate was about 13. 4° for each group. Only the setup error of z (vertical) direction was statistically different (χ2 =78. 32, P<0. 001) and the median of the 0° group was closest to the value 0 and the quartile spacing was the smallest. The absolute error of y ( longitudinal) , z directions was statistically different (χ2 =7. 63, 22. 61,P<0. 05). In the z direction, the absolute error was reduced as the angle of the support plate decreased and 0°group was the smallest. In the y direction, the absolute error at 12° was the smallest, but had little difference with that at 0°. Among three groups, the smallest system error of the x(lateral) direction and y direction was at 0°, while that of the z direction was at 12°. Conclusions To set the breast board support plate 0° is feasible. The angle of the support plate can be replaced by the collimator angle, while the setup error of z direction could be significantly reduced.

Differential expression and clinical significance of microRNA in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the differential expression and clinical significance of microRNA in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma .Methods From April 2013 to April 2016 ,65 cases of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients were recrui-ted into esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group ,meanwhile 65 healthy person were recruited into control group ,then analyze the significance of microRNA in the diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the relationship between the expression of microRNA and radiotherapy .Results The levels of microRNA-21 and microRNA-205 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group were significantly higher than those in healthy group(P<0 .05) .The sensitivities of microRNA-21 and microRNA-205 in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were 89 .23% ,84 .62% ,the specificity were 96 .92% ,95 .38% respectively .The sensitivity of radiotherapy in cancer tissues with high expression of microRNA-21 and microRNA-205 was significantly higher than that in cancer tissues with low expression (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion MicroRNA is important to assist the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ,and according to the expression of microRNA ,the sensitivity to radiotherapy could be evaluated ,which could guide clinicians to select proper treatment strategies to improve therapeutic effect .

The study of genotype and plasmid transfer of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae carrying blaNDM-1 with blaIMP-4 or blaKPC-2 / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To analyze the genotype and plasmid transfer of Enterobacteriaceae carring blaNDM‐1 with blaIMP‐4 or blaKPC‐2 .Methods From April 2012 to October 2014 ,a total of 33 non‐repeatitive carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae ( including Imipenem‐resistant , meropenem‐resistant or Ertapenem‐resistant) were isolated from 5 hospitals in Wenzhou and Hangzhou . Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed using Vitek 2 Compact automatic microbiology analyzer . Phenotypes of carbapenemase were screened using modified Hodge test and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid‐disk synergy test .Extended spectrum βlactamase test was determined by the double disk combination test which was recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute .AmpC activity was tested by a three‐dimensional Cefoxitin method .Drug resistant genes including blaNDM‐1 and linkage of ISAba125‐NDM were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .The purified PCR products were cloned and sequenced .Plasmid conjugation experiment and elimination method were carried out to test partial bacterial strain and K . pneumoniae carrying blaNDM‐1 with blaIMP‐4 or blaKPC‐2 .Results Of the 33 non‐repeatitive carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae ,28 were strains of K .pneumoniae ,1 strain of K . oxytoca,2strainsof Escherichiacoli,1strainof K.planticolaand1strainof E.cloacae.Thirteenstrains were isolated from Hospital of Sir Run Run Shaw of Zhejiang University ,thirteen from Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,one from Wenzhou People′s Hospital ,three from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and three from Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine .Thirty‐one strains were confirmed as carbapenemase‐producing with 24 of blaKPC‐2 ,3 of blaNDM‐1 ,1 of blaNDM‐5 and 3 of blaIMP‐4 .Among them ,one strain carried blaNDM‐1 with blaIMP‐4 and one strain carried blaNDM‐1with blaKPC‐2 ,respectively .The plasmid transfer and conjugation experiment was performed between strains carrying blaNDM‐1 and Escherichia coli EC600 or K . pneumoniae ATCC13833 and genes of blaNDM‐1 and ISAba125‐NDM were obtained .Conclusions blaKPC‐2 gene is the popular carbapenemase genotype .blaNDM‐1 or blaNDM‐5 may be correlated with linkage gene of ISAba125‐N DM .Coexistence of blaNDM‐1 carrying blaIMP‐4 or blaKPC‐2 is detected in the same strain , respectively . Enough importance should be attached to the strains ,because most of them are multiple drug resistance with related genes located in the plasmid which is easily spread between strains .

The mechanism of the NgR1 antagonist for promoting the neural precursor cells differentiate into neurons / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of neuronal Nogo-66 receptor (NgR1) antagonist,soluble Nogo-66 receptor (sNgR1-Fc),on promoting the endogenous neural precursor cells (NPCs) differentiating into neurons in order to clarify the mechanism.Methods The cortical infarction was induced by photochemistry,named photothrombotic cortical injury (PCI).Twelve Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided (random number) into three groups:Sham-operated group,PBS group,and sNgR1-Fc group.PBS (PBS group) or sNgR1-Fc (sNgR1-Fc group) was injected into the lateral ventricle of brain with a minipump.BrdU (Bromodeoxyuridine) was injected into the peritoneal cavity 4-6 days after PCI.The subdentate gyrus zone (SGZ) of brain from sacrificed rat was harvested for Immunohistochemistry to observe the ratio of NeuN +/BrdU + cells 35 days after PCI.Proteins including Nestin、Notch1 and Mash1 were detected by Western Blot.Results The cortical infarction in rat was successfully induced by photochemistry.Thirty-five days after PCI,the BrdU + cells number and theratio of NeuN +/BrdU + in the SGZ of the ipsilateral cerebrum hemisphere with PCI were significantly higher in sNgR1-Fc group than those in PBS group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of Notch1,Mash1 and Neuro D in the sNgR1-Fc group were significantly higher than those in the PBS group (P ＜ 0.05),which were significantly higher than those in the Sham-operated group.Conclusions sNgR1-Fc could promote the endogenous NPCs differentiating into neurons in a cortical infarction model.The mechanisms may be attributed to the Notch/bHLH (proneural basic helix-loop-helix genes) signaling way.

Early diagnosis and treatment of combined thoracoabdominal injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To summarize the experience in early diagnosis and emergency treatment for combined thoracoabdominal injury (CTI). Methods Clinical data of 58 cases of CTI admitted to our hospital from June 2001 to August 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were treated by closed drainage of thoracic cavity,of which 12 cases were treated with thoracotomy,31 with laparotomy,seven with thoracic and abdominal incisions and three with combined thoracoabdominal incision.Internal fixation for long limb bones was performed in 27 cases,spinal laminectomy and pedicle screw fixation in five and amputation in one. Results After operation,six cases were found to have adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and 12 cases were complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).Fifty-three cases were cured and five died. Conclusions CTI based multiple injuries are severe and complicated.CT scan in the early stage plays a significant role in the diagnosis of CTI and closed drainage of thoracic cavity is an important assurance of the security of abdominal operation.Early diagnosis,correct choice of operation procedures and reasonable handling order of injured organs can improve the successful rescue rate for multiple injury patients.

The mechanism and protective effects of NgR1 antagonist on cortical axons after cortical infarction in rats / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To observe the protective effects of soluble Nogo-66 receptor (NgR1 )antagonist (sNgR1-Fc) on cortical axons after cortical infarction in rats,and to study the phenomenon and molecular mechanism of its protective effects on and regeneration of axons.Methods The cortical infarction was induced by photochemistry,termed photothrombotic cortical injury (PCI).Fifteen Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:Sham-operated group,PBS (phosphate buffered solution) group,and s-NgR1-Fc group.In PBS group,PBS was injected into the lateral ventricle of rats; and in sNgR1-Fc group,sNgR1-Fc was injected instead of PBS. The ipsilateral cortex with lesion was harvested for histomorphometry and transmission electron microscope observation 7 days after PCI. Proteins including GTP-RhoA,p-JNK,p-c-JUN and p-ATF-2 were detected by Western blot,as well as Total-J and Total-RhoA.Results The cortical infarction in rats was successfully induced by photochemistry.Compared with sham-operated group,the pathological changes in PBS groups were more serious,including extensive edema or disappearance of axoplasm of fiber without medulla sheath involved and extensive thickening or layer derangement in axoplasm of fiber with medulla sheath involved.These changes were improved significantly after sNgR1-Fc treatment.The levels of GTP-RhoA,p-JNK1,p-JNK2,p-c-JUN and p-ATF-2 in the PBS group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group ( P ＜ 0.05 ),whereas the levels of Total-RhoA,Total-JNKl and Total-JNK2 were not different significantly between these two groups (P ＞0.05 ).The sNgR1-Fc treatment up-regulated the levels of these proteins ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions There is pathological change in axon induced by cerebral hypoxia-ischemia for a long period after cortical infarction.The mechanisms may be associated with RhoA/ROCK/JNK/c-Jun signal way,which is activated by ischemia injury and related to the inhibition of regeneration in axon.Our study shows that NgR1-Fc may inhibit this pathway significantly,and then promote the regeneration of axon partially.

Variation of monosacchride composition of polysacchrides in Dendrobium officinale by pre-column derivatization HPLC method / 中国中药杂志

The monosacchride composition of polysacchrides in Dendrobium officinal of different germplasms, physiological ages and closely related species were determined by pre-column derivatization HPLC. The results showed that the absolute and relative volumes of all monosacchrides were significantly different between D. officinale and its closely related species, different germplasms and physiological ages of D. officinale. Absolute peak areas of mannose ranged from 0.854 x 10(7) to 10.340 x 10(7) in closely related species of D. officinale, ranged from 1.467 x 10(7) to 8.475 x 10(7) in different germplasms of D. officinale and were 4.411 x 10(7) (2.577 x 10(7)-6.516 x 10(7)), 5.528 x 10(7) (3.179 x 10(7)-8.475 x 10(7)) and 3.601 x 10(7) (1.467 x 10(7)-5.888 x 10(7)), respectively, in one to three physiological ages of D. officinale. The ratio of mannose to glucose peak areas (relative peak area) ranged from 0.976 to 16.599 in closely related species of D. officinale and from 2.679 to 7.831 in different germplasms of D. officinale. Only the relative peak areas of D. pendulum and D. primulinum were in the range of different germplasms of D. officinale in all tested samples. The results revealed the variation of monosacchride composition of polysacchrides in D. officinale. Monosacchride composition of D. officinale could be altered by breeding new varieties and controlling harvesting season. Most adulterants of D. officinale could be ruled out according to the relative peak areas of D. officinale, providing a basis for quality control and resources training of D. officinale.

Optimization of a floating osmotic pump system of ambroxol hydrochloride using central composite design-response surface methodology and its pharmacokinetics in Beagle dogs / 药学学报

This paper reported that a new type of floating osmotic pump of ambroxol hydrochloride was designed. Third method apparatus (Chinese Pharmacopeia 2010, appendix XD) was employed to simultaneously evaluate the release and floating behavior in vitro. The system was optimized using central composite design-response surface methodology. Similar factor (f2) between the release profile of self-made formulation and the target release profile was chosen as dependent factor. The amount of glucose (A, mg), pore former (B, %) and weight of coating (C, %) were employed as independent factors. Optimized formulation was: A (100.99 mg), B (1.70%), C (4.21%). The value of f2 (89.14) was higher than that of market capsules (69.02) and self-made tablets (72.15). It was showed that self-made capsules possessed character of zero-order release (r = 0.994 4) and drug release completely (>90%). It was showed in result of in vivo study that tmax and Cmax of self-made capsules were significantly lower than that of market capsules and self-made tablets. The correlation coefficient between the fraction of absorption in vivo and the release rate in vitro was 0.985 1, and relative bioequivalence of self-made capsules was 110.77%. Accordingly, self-made capsules displayed obviously characteristics of controlled release both in vivo and in vitro.

Posology study on 3DCRT and IMRT for lung cancer with mediastinum lymphonode metastasis / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To provide a reference to the clinical application by comparing the posology difference of 3DCRT(three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy) and IMRT(intensity modulated radiation therapy) for lung cancer with mediastinum lymphonode metastasis. Methods From Aug.2007 to Feb.2008,11 patients of lung cancer with mediastinum lymphonode metastasis were treated by IMRT. IMRT plan and 3DCRT plan were designed by CT-simulator image. The conformity index, PTV uniformity and the organs at risk were compared by the target isodose curve and dose volume histogram(DVH) in two plans. The prescribe dose was 66 Gy/33 fracinations in 6 weeks, and 95 % dose curve covered 95 % target volume. The data were analyzed by t-test in SPSS 14.0. Results The conformity index in IMRT was superior than 3DCRT (P＜0.05).PTV above 110 % volume in IMRT was reduced than 3DCRT. On the protection of lung tissue,the volumes of V20,V30,V40 in IMRT were obviously less than 3DCRT (P＜0.05). Conclusion IMRT is a better selection to larger volume and irregular shape of CTV for lung cancer with mediastinum lymphonode metastasis.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE MUTANTS OF HUMAN PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS hPAB-? AND ITS RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS / 解放军医学杂志

The aim was to determine the antimicrobial activities of peptide antibiotics hPAB ? and construct the recombinant baculovirus of its mutants. Four mutants of hPAB ? were designed based on molecular autosyndetic modeling and its genes were cloned by PCR. The transfer plasmid and recombinant baculovirus were constructed. The results showed that the hPAB ? cloned previously, is a good peptide antibiotics. Four mutant genes of hPAB ? were inserted into pFAST HTa plasmid and the recombinant pFAST hPAB ? were screened by restriction enzymes analysis and DNA sequencing. The recombinant baculovirus was obtained after transforming pFAST hPAB ? into Escherichia coli DH10Bac. Our work lays a good foundation for further research.