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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and regularity of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) induced by drugs containing aristolochic acid. Methods The clinical data of 111 patients with AAN induced by aristolochic acid were reviewed. The clinical features, medication and treatment of AAN were analyzed. Results Among 111 patients, there were more females than males (2.58∶1), 101 cases (90.99%) were over 50 years old； the mean age was (63.70±11.67) years old;the average duration of medication was (8.08±6.94) years. The drugs involved were Guanxinsuhe pill and Longdanxiegan pill in 106 cases (95.50%). Serum creatinine increased in 108 cases, urea nitrogen increased in 106 cases and hemoglobin decreased in 103 cases, most of which were hypogravity urine, mild to moderate proteinuria and occult blood. Ultrasonic examination revealed that the kidneys were damaged to varying degrees. Pathological biopsy of kidney showed renal tubular damage. Most patients had an insidious onset and varying degrees of progression, which were not proportional to the age and the duration of taking the medicine. In clinical, the renal function was progressively damaged, most of which were irreversible and with a poor prognosis. Conclusion Patients with renal impairment differed greatly individually, and the renal damage was not paralleled with the medication duration and dose of drugs containing aristolochic acid.AAN progressed rapidly, and the disease still progressed even after stopping taking drugs containing aristolochic acid. Strengthening pharmacovigilance, implementing early diagnosis and effective intervention could help to reduce the occurrence of AAN and attenuate its development.
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Objective:To compare the effect of different β values on the semi-quantitative accuracy and image quality of 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT imaging after partial volume effect correction (PVC). Methods:In the model experiment, image reconstruction was carried out based on block sequential regularized expectation maximization algorithm (BSREMA) with the range of β values from 100 to 1 000. Recovery coefficient (RC), contrast recovery (CR) and background variability (BV) were measured to evaluate semi-quantitative accuracy and image quality. In the clinical study, image data of 21 prostate cancer patients (age 45-78 years) who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT examination in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively collected. A total of 29 abdominal imaging positive lymph nodes were divided into the small lymph node group (diameter <10 mm; n=12) and the large lymph node group (10 mm≤diameter≤30 mm; n=17). SUV parameters including SUV max, SUV mean and peak of SUV (SUV peak) and the influence of different β values on the SUV parameters were evaluated. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) and subjective scores were used to evaluate image quality. Independent-sample t test, Kappa test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze data. Results:The model experiment showed that CR, RC and BV decreased with the increase of β values. The image quality, image clarity, lesion significance, and total image scores given by nuclear medicine physicians showed strong consistency ( Kappa values: 0.65-0.87, P values: 0.026-0.043). The small lymph node group had the highest score (13 and 14) with β value of 600, while the large lymph node group had the highest score (13 and 14) with β value of 700. SNR of the two groups increased steadily within β values from 100 to 600 ( t values: 2.49-8.99, P values: 0.023-0.038). When the β value was higher than 600, SNR of the small lymph node group reached a plateau ( t values: 1.28-2.00, P values: 0.072-0.098), while the SNR of the large lymph node group continued to increase ( t values: 2.98-4.63, P values: 0.012-0.029). Before PVC, there were significant negative correlations between SUV parameters and β values ( r values: from -0.94 to -0.64, P values: 0.039-0.046). After PVC, it was found that SUV mean and SUV max still had significant negative correlation with β values ( r values: from -0.78 to -0.68, P values: 0.035-0.042), while the SUV peak showed no significant correlation with β values ( r values: -0.22, -0.28, P values: 0.069, 0.126). Conclusions:Based on subjective scores and semi-quantitative indicators, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is superior to select β values of 600 and 700 for image reconstruction based on BSREMA. The SUV peak of small lesions is stable after PVC and the clinical value should be explored in further.
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Objective:To systematically review the methodology in clinical trial-based health economics study with cost-effectiveness ratio for nutritional drug.Methods:The literature on health economics study for nutritional drug was retrieved from PubMed and Wanfang Medical Network by October 2019. The literature was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Bias Assessment Tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Its methodology such as participants and grouping, confounding factors, research perspective, cost accounting, health outcomes and health economics analysis methods, sensitivity analysis, etc, was systematically reviewed as well.Results:Four target literatures were included in this study. The participants were from gastroenterology, gastrointestinal surgery, etc. Random grouping, regression, propensity score matching method, etc, were used to control confounding factors. The research perspective needed to be clear according to the principle of health economics study. The present literatures focused on "direct medical costs" , and calculated cost-effectiveness ratio or incremental cost-effectiveness ratio to evaluate the economics of medical interventions.Conclusion:The evidence of high-quality health economics research in parenteral and enteral nutrition area in China needs to be promoted, especially in the control of confounding factors, the choice of research perspective and sensitivity analysis, which are supposed to be explored by multidisciplinary research teams in practice.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk (NRS2002) and malnutrition inhospitalized stroke patient and their nutritional intervention. Methods The stroke patients admitted to three de-partments of vascular neurology ward including cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemor-rhage in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were recruited using cluster sampling. Nutri-tional risk screening 2002 ( NRS 2002) was used to screen the nutritional risk of inpatients Malnutrition was as-sessed by criteria:(1) body mass index (BMI) <18. 5 kg/m2 with poorer general condition from January 2018 to January 2019;(2) Global leadership initiative on malnutrition ( GLIM) criteria were used except whole body muscle mass measurement from October 2018 to January 2019. The nutritional intervention for patients were closely observed during hospitalization. Results A total of 1532 patients were registered and1036 patients were included in the final analysis considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The prevalence of nutritional risk was 33. 0％ ( 342/1036) . The prevalence of malnutrition based on BMI and GLIM criteria was 0. 9％( 9/1036) and 2. 5％ (10/393) respectively. Among the 342 patients with nutritional risk, 112 patients received nutritional support therapy by tube feeding, but only 29 patients received nutritional support that met guideline standards. 81 patients received not standard nutritional support, and 2 patients received highly unregulated nutritional sup-port. No patients received sugar and electrolyte infusion, oral nutritional supplements ( ONS) , oral nutritional a-gents and compound nutrition intervention. The other 230 patients took hospital diet. Conclusion The prevalence of nutritional risk in hospitalized patients with cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction or subarachnoid hemorrhage was high, and the prevalence of malnutrition was extremely low. There was a low proportion of nutri-tional support. High quality of large sample cohort studies will be conducted to show whether reasonable applica-tion of nutritional support therapy in patients with nutritional risk can improve patient outcome.
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Objective To observe the host response and the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in different cross-linked hyaluronic acid composite gels at different time points after the implantation in vivo, and to explore the significance of biocompatibility and macrophage polarization in post-implantation inflammatory response and tissue remodeling. Methods New Zealand white rabbits were respectively injected with crosslinked hyaluronic acid-crosslinked hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel (sample 1), crosslinked hyaluronic acid-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel (sample 2) and commercially available modified sodium hyaluronate gel (control) in subcutaneous tissue at both sides of the spine. Then the rabbits were dissected at 1, 4 and 12 weeks after the implantation. The tissues were fixed with 10％formaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin and sliced. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the degree of inflammation and fibrosis. Masson staining was performed to observe the formation of collagen fibers. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the expression of IL-4. Results The results of HE staining showed that the inflammatory reaction in the sample 1 and sample 2 groups was significantly higher than that in the control group 1 and 4 weeks after the implantation. The inflammatory cells aggregated, and the wall of capsule and microcapsule was thick. The sample 1 group was more obvious, and the result was mild stimulation. For all the groups, the results were all non-irritating at 12 weeks after the implantation. The results of Masson staining showed that the collagen fibers in the sample 1 and sample 2 groups were increased compared with the control group, mainly distributed around the implantation site, and a small amount among the gels after 1 and 4 weeks. After 12 weeks, the collagen fibers were further increased, especially among the gels, which were consistent with the control group. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that, at the same time point, the expression of IL-4 in sample 1 and sample 2 groups was higher than that in the control group, and the expression of IL-4 increased gradually with time. The expression of IL-4 in the control and sample 1 group at 12 weeks after the implantation was higher than that at 1 and 4 weeks respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In the sample 1 group, the expression of IL-4 at 12 weeks after the implantation was higher than that at 1 week, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of IL-4 in the sample 1 group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 4 weeks after the implantation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The two different cross-linked sodium hyaluronate composite gels have good biocompatibility. The formation of collagen fiber and the expression of IL-4 can gradually increased within 12 weeks after the subcutaneous implantation, which is beneficial to the tissue remodeling.
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Objective To study the polarization and arrangement of epithelial cells in the embryonic development of drosophila. Methods A finite element model was established to simulate the development of drosophila egg, and an ABAQUS UMAT user subroutine that describes the growth of materials was developed. The developmental process of the stages 8 (S8) to the initial state of the stage 10 (S10) was simulated， and the direction of principal stress and the distribution of the in-plane maximum shear stress (MSS) in the epithelial cell layer was analyzed, in order to predict the polarization and arrangement of the epithelial cells. Results The orientation of the epithelial cells was consistent with the direction of the maximum principal stress, and the aspect ratio of cells was proportional to the magnitude of the MSS. Conclusions The polarization and arrangement of the epithelial cells are controlled by the stress state in the tissues.
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Objective To evaluate whether an early change in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake can predict tumor response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods From August 2009 to April 2015, 22 patients with NSCLC who were eligible to EGFR-TKI treatment were enrolled. PET-CT scan was performed before (baseline) and 1 month after EGFR-TKI administration. Up to 5 hottest single tumor lesions (no more than 2 per organ) were considered to be target lesions. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were measured, and post-treatment percentage changes in SUVmax (ΔSUV%) were calculated. PET responses were classified using PET response criteria in solid tumors (PERCIST). Then conventional CT scan was performed every 2 months for follow-up. Kappa statistic was used to compare agreement between the RERCIST recommendations-based therapeutic response evaluation and those based on RECIST1.1 criteria. Fisher exact test was used to compare the probability of disease progression in the early metabolic response and non-response groups. Predictive accuracy of ΔSUV% with respect to response or non-progression at CT scan was evaluated by ROC analysis. Progression-free survival (PFS) was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and between-group comparison was performed by log-rank test. Results After 1 month of EGFR-TKI treatment, 12 patients (55%) showed partial metabolic response (PMR), 6 (27%) had stable metabolic disease (SMD), and 4 (18%) had progressive metabolic disease (PMD). There was a moderate agreement(Kappa=0.506,P<0.05) between PET response at 1 month based on PERCIST recommendations and CT response at 3 months according to RECIST 1.1. Non-progression was significantly more frequent in patients with an early PMR (χ2=11.941, P=0.005). Progression had been confirmed later during therapy in all patients with PMD . By using ROC analysis, the area under the curve for prediction of response was 0.906 (95% CI, 0.766—1.000; P=0.002), corresponding to a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 84.6% at a cut-off of 40.36% in ΔSUV%. Using a cut-off value of 25.84% in ΔSUV%, highΔSUV% group (ΔSUV% ≥ 25.84%) had significantly longer PFS than low ΔSUV% group (ΔSUV%<25.84%). Conclusion Early assessment of PET-CT at 1 month of EGFR-TKI treatment could be useful to predict tumor response and clinical outcome in patients with NSCLC.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between admission blood glucose and in-hospital adverse events of elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI) combined with multi-organ dysfunction in emergency department,and to assess the prognostic value.Methods Fifty-one geriatric patients with NSTEMI combined with multi-organ dysfunction were selected and divided into the experimental group (26 cases) and control group (25 cases),depending on whether they had adverse events in hospital.After the propensity score matching was used to reduce confounding effects,the difference in admission blood glucose between the two groups was compared.According to the ROC curve,the predictive value of immediate admission blood glucose to the incidence of adverse events during hospitalization was detected.Results After propensity score matching,admission blood glucose of the experimental group ((10.35±4.06) mmol/L) was higher than that of the control group ((7.05±2.45) mmol/L),and this difference was statistically significant (t=2.869,P<0.01).The area under the ROC curve for adverse events during hospitalization was 0.758 (P<0.01),and it may reach the best prognostic value when we choose 8.025mmol/L as the critical value.Under this condition,the sensitivity was 0.765 and specificity was 0.765.Conclusion For geriatric patients with NSTEMI combined with multi-organ dysfunction in emergency department,admission blood glucose is a risk factor for in-hospital adverse event,and the risk is high when admission blood glucose is over 8.025mmol/L.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk and undernutrition of geriatric patients with hip fracture in the department of orthopaedics and analyze the relationship between nutritional risk scores and clinical outcomes.Methods In this prospective cohort study,the baseline demographic data of 235 elderly patients with hip fracture in the department of orthopaedics of Ningbo First Hospital were consecutively recorded from November 2013 to December 2015.The prevalence of nutritional risk and undernutrition,infectious complications,and length of hospital stay were also recorded.The infectious complications and length of hospital stay in patients in different age groups(60-69 years,70-79 years,and ≥80 years)and those with different nutritional risks(<3 points,3-4 points,and ≥5 points)were analyzed.Results All patients without PN EN support during hospitalized durations.The incidence of nutritional risk was 62.98％in 235 elderly patients with hip fracture,twenty patients were undernutritioned by multi-item standard based on Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 nutrition disorder score,and 15 patients were undernutritioned by one-item standard with body mass index.Hip arthroplasty patients had significantly higher nutritional risk than those who had undergone internal fixation(74.04％vs.54.20％,P=0.002).Patients with comorbidities had significantly higher nutritional risk than patients without comorbidities(71.56％vs.55.56％,P=0.011).There were significant differences in infectious complications(2.30％vs.3.91％vs.50.00％)and length of hospital stay[(6.35±0.87)d vs.(8.12±1.13)d vs.(10.85±1.52)d,(8.66±2.06)d vs.(10.45±2.43)d vs.(13.25 ±3.65)d] among patients with different nutritional risks(<3 points,3-4 points,and ≥5 points)(P=0.000).Conclusions Elderly patients with hip fracture has relatatively high nutritional risk.These patients tend to have more complications and longer hospital stay.
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Objective To study the distinct clinical phenotype of chronic airway diseases by hierarchical cluster analysis and two-step cluster analysis.Methods A population sample of adult patients in Donghuamen community,Dongcheng district and Qinghe community,Haidian district,Beijing from April 2012 to January 2015,who had wheeze within the last 12 months,underwent detailed investigation,including a clinical questionnaire,pulmonary function tests,total serum IgE levels,blood eosinophil level and a peak flow diary.Nine variables were chosen as evaluating parameters,including pre-salbutamol forced expired volume in one second(FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio,pre-salbutamol FEV1,percentage of post-salbutamol change in FEV1,residual capacity,diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide/alveolar volume adjusted for haemoglobin level,peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability,serum IgE level,cumulative tobacco cigarette consumption (pack-years) and respiratory symptoms (cough and expectoration).Subjects' different clinical phenotype by hierarchical cluster analysis and two-step cluster analysis was identified.Results (1) Four clusters were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis.Cluster 1 was chronic bronchitis in smokers with normal pulmonary function.Cluster 2 was chronic bronchitis or mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with mild airflow limitation.Cluster 3 included COPD patients with heavy smoking,poor quality of life and severe airflow limitation.Cluster 4 recognized atopic patients with mild airflow limitation,elevated serum IgE and clinical features of asthma.Significant differences were revealed regarding pre-salbutamol FEV1/FVC％,pre-salbutamol FEV1％ pred,postsalbutamol change in FEV1 ％,maximal mid-expiratory flow curve (MMEF)％ pred,carbon monoxide diffusing capacity per liter of alveolar(DLCO)/(VA)％ pred,residual volume(RV)％ pred,total serum IgE level,smoking history (pack-years),St.George' s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) score,acute exacerbation in the past one year,PEF variability and allergic dermatitis (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Four clusters were also identified by two-step cluster analysis as followings,cluster 1,COPD patients with moderate to severe airflow limitation;cluster 2,asthma and COPD patients with heavy smoking,airflow limitation and increased airways reversibility;cluster 3,patients having less smoking and normal pulmonary function with wheezing but no chronic cough;cluster 4,chronic bronchitis patients with normal pulmonary function and chronic cough.Significant differences were revealed regarding gender distribution,respiratory symptoms,pre-salbutamol FEV1/FVC％,pre-salbutamol FEV1 ％ pred,post-salbutamol change in FEV1 ％,MMEF％ pred,DLCO/VA％ pred,RV％ pred,PEF variability,total serum IgE level,cumulative tobacco cigarette consumption (pack-years),and SGRQ score (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion By different cluster analyses,distinct clinical phenotypes of chronic airway diseases are identified.Thus,individualized treatments may guide doctors to provide based on different phenotypes.
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Objective To study the effects of Weibimei and its Chinese medicine portions(cortex frangulae, fennel powder, acorus tatarinowii, glycyrrhizae and asparagus) on cell cycle regulation in gastric cancer cells and growth inhibition in gastric cancer Xenografts.Methods Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were normally cultured and treated with Weibimei, extractum glycyrrhizae, cortex frangulae, fennel powder, acorus tatarinowii and asparagus.Then, the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells were detected by MTT assay, their effect on SGC-7901 cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry, and the expression of cell cycle related proteins were examined by Western blot.Animal models of SGC-7901 cells xenografts in nude mice were constructed to evaluate the growth inhibition effects of Weibimei and its Chinese medicine portions, and the expression of STAT3,p-STAT3, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Survivin in gastric tumors were detected by immunohistochemical assays.Results Weibimei and its three kinds of Chinese medicine portions, cortex frangulae, fennel and acorus tatarinowii could obviously inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells, compared to control group, with a statistical significant difference (P<0.05).The cell cycle of SGC-7901 was arrested at G1 phase with cortex frangulae, fennel and acorus tatarinowii treatment, the expression of Cyclin A, B, D, E were decreased significantly (P<0.05).However, no significant effects was found in glycyrrhizae or asparagus group.Xenografts tumor sizes in Weibimei, cortex frangulae, fennel or acorus tatarinowi groups were much smaller than that in saline group or Triple Therapy group (three-kinds-drugs-combination for the treatment of gastric ulcer) (P<0.05).Xenografts experiments showed that the tumor growth in nude mice in Weibimei, cortex frangulae, fennel or acorus tatarinowi groups were significantly smaller than that in control group or in Triple Therapy Group (P<0.05), and phosphorylated STAT3, and STAT3 signaling targeted genes, including Bcl-2, Cyclin D1 and Survivin were all significantly down-regulated by immunostaining.Conclusion Weibimei and its Chinese medicine portions including cortex frangulae, fennel and acorus tatarinowii can could significantly inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 cells proliferation and arrested the cell cycle of G1 phase in vitro, and inhibit gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice in vivo.
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Objective To explore the clinical phenotype of airways disease in elderly patients using hierarchical cluster analysis.Methods A total of 67 elderly patients with respiratory symptoms were enrolled in a prospective study.Demographic and clinical data,such as respiratory symptoms,cumulative tobacco cigarette consumption,acute exacerbation,atopic symptoms and peak flow diary were collected.Pulmonary function tests,blood tests (total serum IgE level and blood eosinophil level) were performed in each patient during the stable stage.Then patients with different clinical phenotype were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis.Results Four clusters were identified with the following characteristics by hierarchical cluster analysis:cluster 1,atopic patients with no smoking,normal lung function,but increased total serum IgE levels and asthma symptom;cluster 2,patients with no smoking and normal pulmonary function with wheezing but without chronic cough;cluster 3,patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking,severe airflow limitation and poor quality of life;cluster 4,patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome and smoking,airflow limitation and increased total serum IgE levels.The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) / forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio,FEV1/predicted value,rate of FEV1 change,maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF)/ predicted value,the diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)/alveolar volume (VA)/predicted value,residual volume (RV)/ predicted value,total serum Ig E levels,cumulative tobacco cigarette consumption,the St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score had significant differences in patients before versus after treatment (all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions Based on hierarchical cluster analysis,distinct clinical phenotypes of airways disease in elderly patients can be identified.Conclusions With patients having asthma or COPD alone,patients with Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) always experience a more rapid decline in lung function and frequent exacerbations,having poor health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes,which deserve our high attention.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Cdc42-shRNA plasmid to proliferation, migration, invasion and other malignant biological behavior in hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cdc42-shRNA interfering vector transfected to SMMC-7721 cells with liposome method. The growth curve of transfected cells SMMC-7721, U6-control, Cdc42-shRNA2 was detected by MTT. The cells mobility was detected by wound healing experiment. Transwell chamber experiments to observe the cell migration and invasion. Detected AFP and PCNA expression level by Western blot.Human hepatoma SMMC-7721 transplanted subcutaneously in nude mouse, detected the expression of Cdc42 of the tumor by immunohistochemistry.t test was used to analyze the data between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The doubling time of Cdc42-shRNA2, U6-control and SMMC7721 was 42.7 h, 34.9 h and 35.1 h. The relative migration distance of Cdc42-shRNA2 and U6-control on 36 h was (47.1 ± 4.1)% and (86.6 ± 5.3)% (t=-10.21, P<0.05). Transwell chamber experimental methods showed the numbers of permeating cells were 18.2 ± 2.1(Cdc42-shRNA2) and 41.0 ± 3.5 (U6-control) (t=-9.67, P<0.05) on 24 h. The AFP and PCNA expression of hepatoma cells is significantly inhibited after the Cdc42-shRNA2 was transfected compared with U6-control group.The tumor average weight of group Cdc42-shRNA2 was (335.1 ± 178.2) mg, which was much lighter than that of SMMC-7721 group ((925.3 ± 241.4) mg) and U6-control group ((910.5 ± 225.6) mg) (t=-4.47, -4.39; P<0.05) and the Cdc42 expression was also weak positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cdc42 interfere with plasmid significant changes in human malignant biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and reduces liver cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis of capacity.</p>
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Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Camundongos Nus , Plasmídeos , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Transfecção , Carga Tumoral , Proteína cdc42 de Ligação ao GTPRESUMO
We aimed to make comprehensive cancer care guidelines of China according to American guidelines of National Comprehensive Cancer Network,Ametican Society of Clinical Oncology and Oncology Nursing Society,and to guide clinical nurses to study and draw lessons from foreign latest guidelines,and combined with the actual situation in our country.The results of study and application were advantageous to the nursing profession,the security and interests of the patients.We should develop comprehensive cancer care guidelines of our country,eventually make nursing practice guide system of China constantly improve and perfect.
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BACKGROUND:Artificial teeth computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) is a high technology involving various subjects.Many CAD/CAM systems have designed.However,they have some disavantages and a high cost.Therefore,only the system with proprietary intellectual property can solve this problem.OBJECTIVE:To optimize the connector of the CAD/CAM fixed bridge.METHODS:Three-dimensional finite element models of the connector were established which was used to design different styles of connectors.Stress under different vertical loading conditions was compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The connectors with different appearances displayed varying stress.Stress on the connector with arc transition was less than connector without arc transition.Connector was supposed to design to style with arc transition.
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Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid pCMV-Myc-PIASX? and express the fusion protein in mammalian cells.Methods PIASx? fragment was digested from the original vector pGADT7 with SalⅠand NotⅠ,and then was inserted into the targeted pCMV-Myc vector by the recombinant DNA technique.After identification,the recombinant plasmid was transfected into CHO cells.The expression of recombinant Myc-PIASx? fusion protein was detected by Western blotting.Results By the restriction enzyme digestion,fragment purification,ligation and transformation,the recombinant plasmid was obtained.The right recombinant plasmid pCMV-Myc-PIAS3 was identified with enzyme digestion and sequencing.By EcoRⅠ digestion analysis,pCMV-Myc-PIASx? showed a 5641 bp band.By XbaⅠdigestion analysis,pCMV-Myc-PIASx? showed two expected band of 3291 bp and 2349 bp.A specific protein expression band at 68 000(PIASx? fusion protein) was showed in Western blotting,which matched recombinant plasmid.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid of pCMV-Myc-PIASx? is sucssesefully constructed,which provids a good tool for further function study on PIAS family.
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Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression recombinant PIAS3 plasmid fused with Myc protein and express the fusion protein Myc-PIAS3.Methods The full length PIAS3 fragment of 1 851bp was amplified by PCR and ligated into pMD18-T vector. The full length PIAS3 fragment was subcloned into eukaryotic pCMV-Myc vector between SalⅠ and NotⅠ sites.The recombinant pCMV-Myc-PIAS3 plasmid was trandfected into PC3 cells.The eukaryotic expression Myc-PIAS3 protein was checked by Western blotting with Myc antibody.Results The recombinant plasmid showed right sequence by the full length sequencing.The recombinant plasmid of pCMV-Myc-PIAS3 was identified by enzyme digestion.As expected,by EcoRⅠ digestion,it showed two bands of 4 357bp and 1 318 bp. By XbaⅠdigestion,it showed two bands of 3 291 bp and 2 384 bp.The sequencing result showed a N-terminal Myc of 13 amino acids followed with PIAS3 gene sequence in right reading frame.The pCMV-Myc-PIAS3 plasmid was transfected into prostate cancer PC3 cells.A specific protein expression band at relative molecular mass 68 000 was obtained by using Myc-antibody with Western blotting method.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid of pCMV-Myc-PIAS3 is sucssesefully constructed,and Myc-PIAS3 fusion protein is sucssesefully expressed.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the use of free/total prostate-specific antigen ratio (fPSA/tPSA ratio) in improving the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>fPSA/tPSA ratio in the serum was analyzed prospectively in 187 men with tPSA ranging between 4.0 and 20.0 microg/L. All of them underwent ultrasound-guided sextant prostatic biopsies. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated by SPSS 10.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prostate cancer detection rates were 18.1% and 22.5% when tPSA was within the ranges of 4.0-10.0 g/L and 10.0-20.0 g/L respectively. fPSA/tPSA ratio was more significant than tPSA in all the men. When the cut-off value of fPSA/tPSA ratio was set at 0.25, 90.5% and 87.5% of cancers could be detected; and 26.7% and 11.3% of biopsies could be avoided within the tPSA ranges of 4.0-10.0 g/L and 10.0-20.0 g/L, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The use of fPSA/tPSA ratio can improve prostate cancer detection and reduce unnecessary biopsies when tPSA is within the range of 4.0-10.0 microg/L and 10.0-20.0 microg/L.</p>
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Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Área Sob a Curva , Diagnóstico Precoce , Programas de Rastreamento , Estudos Prospectivos , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata , Diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
To study the underlying mechanism of vasovasotomy infertility, we set up the rabbit model and observed the levels of testosterone, IL-1 activity and TNFα, which represent the functions of monocytes and macrophages on the animal model of vasovasostomy, and probed into the in vitro effect of IL-1β on the production of testosterone by Leydig cells. Rabbit model was set up and divided into vasovasostomy fertility group (VFG) and vasovasostomy infertility group (VIG), and set up peer group of Vasectomy group (VG) and sham operation group (SOG) as controls. The results were as follows: The sperm density and total number is highest in SOG, with that in VFG markedly lower than that in SOG, but significantly higher than that in VIG. 1. VFG showed significant higher level of testosterone (Ts) than SOG, VG and VIG; Ts of VIG was significantly lower than SOG or VFG. In the vasovasostomy groups, sperm density is positively correlated to the level of testosterone. 2. The level of serum cortisol in VIG significantly higher than that in VFG, SOG, and VG. The level of serum cortisol negatively correlated to serum testosterone. 3. Serum estradiol(E2) was similar among all the groups (P＞0.05). E2/T ratio is significantly different among the groups, with that in VIG highest and that in VFG lowest. 4. Serum IL-1 activity in VIG was significantly higher than that in SOG and VFG(P＜0.05). 5. Serum TNFα and serum IL-1 activity share similar change, with TNFα in VG significantly higher than that in SOG(P＜0.01), VIG was the highest among the four groups(P＜0.01). Correlation test showed that serum IL-1 activity and TNFα level was negatively correlated to testosterone level; positively correlated to cortisol level and E2/T ratio. 6. Immuno-histo-chemistry of CD68 and TNFα in rabbits with vasovasostomy showed that in the testis tissue of SOG, interstitial tissue was normal with no filtration of inflammation cells including CD68 cells. In VFG and VIG, the tubules with resumed sperm production showed negative staining, and atrophic tubules and their surroundings were expression positive of CD68, with that markedly deeper in VIG than that in VFG. TNFα positive expressed granules was found only in atrophic convolted seminiferous tubules and their surroundings, with that deeper in VIG than that in VFG. 7. Culture Leydig cells were put in the following holes:(1) Control; (2) hCG; (3) IL-1; (4)IL-1 β+hCG; (5) IL-1 β+IL-1Ra; and (6) hCG+IL-1β+IL-1Ra. Determined the levels of testosterone by immuno-radiation technique. (1) IL-1 β showed no obvious effect on the Leydig cultured in vitro, but depressed the induction of Leydig cells by hCG to synthesize testosterone; (2) IL-1Ra blocked the depression of IL-1β Leydig cells' bio-synthesis of testosterone induced by hCG. In summary, one of the obvious changes in animals with vasovasotomy is low density of sperms, which is related to the lowering of testosterone. Low level of testosterone is related to the activation of monocytes and macrophages to produce IL-1 and TNFα, which negatively regulate the production of testosterone.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the influence of t he mass screening on the diagnostic status of the conventional ordinary prostati c cancer (CaP). Methods Sixty seven cases of prostate ca ncer detected by mass screening (January 1996～December 2001) and 358 cases diag n osed at the outpatient of various hospitals in Changchun (January 1986～December 2001) were compared in terms of age distribution,clinical stages,level of serum prostate special antigen(PSA),pathological grade and treatment modalities,with a SPSS analysis system. Results The annual average incide nce of CaP during 1999 to 2001 increased 4.72 times when compared to the 1986 to 1989’s.In the screening group,the cases with clinical stage A and B accounted for 58.2%. In the clinical group, it was only 27.9%,and mostly detected incident ally.Furthermore,in the screening group the percentage of the cases beyond 20 ng /ml PSA and of poorly differentiated carcinoma were much lower compared to the c linical group.These differences were statistically significant.The cases of radi cal prostatectomy in the screening group increased 15.3% compared with that of t he clinical group. Conclusions Only the mass screening c an really reveal the actual prevalence of prostate cancer.It can markedly raise the number of prostate cancer,especially the cancer in the early stage.The mass screening is inevitable to detect the curable early stage prostate cancer.