Assessment value of secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the pancreatic duct of88 patients with chronic pancreatitis / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate effect of secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (S-MRCP) on visualization improvement of main and branch pancreatic duct and its diagnostic value of grading chronic pancreatitis (CP) .Methods The 3 .0 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data of 88 subjects (23 health volunteers and 65 CP patients) were prospectively analyzed .All the subjects received coronal T2-weighted sequences scan ,thick slab 2-dimensional MRCP sequences scan , routine pancreas plain scan and enhanced scan before and after 0 .1 mL/kg secretin intravenous injection . Sixty-five CP patients were grouped according to Cambridge classification and also according to normal and abnormal of duodenal filling (DF) .The images of main pancreatic duct (MPD) ,branch pancreatic duct (BPD) and DF were compared before and after secretin injection .The result was compared with that of endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) which was the gold standard .One-way analysis of variance test was performed for comparison between healthy control group and CP group .Chi-square test was used for comparison between normal DF group and abnormal DF group .The consistence between the diagnostic results of MRCP ,S-MRCP and the results of ERCP were analyzed by Kappa test .Results Compare with MRCP ,after secretin injection the indexes of MPD ,the sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of BPD were all improved ,and the rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis all decreased .Using ERCP as gold standard of CP grade diagnosis ,the consistence of S-MRCP in CP grade diagnosis increased more significantly (Kappa=0 .77 ,P=0 .000 1) compared with that of MRCP (Kappa=0 .55 ,P=0 .000 1) .Among 43 normal DF cases ,the number of MPD dilatation , filling defect and branch duct in pancreatic head was 28 ,23 and 30 ,respectively ;among 22 abnormal DF cases which was 20 ,19 and 21 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=5 .01 , 3 .91 ,6 .88 and 4 .26 ,all P<0 .05) .Taking 4 min as the cutoff value of peak time ,the sensitivity and specificity of which in CP diagnosis were 86 .0% and 100 .0% , respectively . Conclusion S-MRCP improves the visualization of MPD and BPD ,and also increases the accuracy of CP grade diagnosis .

Effect of different solvents on extraction of effective components from Ligusticum chuanxiong / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of different solvents such as water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether on extraction of 10 effective components from Ligusticum chuanxiong and component characteristics of corresponding extracts.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography quantitative analysis were adopted to determine effective components. CAPCELL PAK C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) was adopted. The mobile phase was methanol-0. 5% HAc for gradient elute. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. The column temperature was 30 degrees C. The flow rate was 0. 7 mL x min(-1). The sample size was 10 microL.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Methanol or ethanol showed no significant difference in extraction of ferulic acid, hydroxyphthalide, alkylphthalide and diligustilide. Ethyl acetate displayed relatively low extraction ratios in hydroxyphthalide and ferulic acid. Water and petroleum ether showed relatively low extraction ratios in all four effective components, and water extracts showed different component characteristics.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ethanol and methanol are the most suitable solvents to extract four effective components from L. chuanxiong.</p>

Medical comorbidities at admission is predictive for 30-day in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: analysis of 5161 cases / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Background The present study investigated the prognostic value of medical comorbidities at admission for 30-day in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 5161 patients with AMI were admitted in Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 1,1993 and December 31,2007. Medical comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), renal insufficiency, previous stroke, atrial fibrillation and anemia, were identified at admission. The patients were divided into 4 groups based on the number of medical comorbidities at admission (0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3). Cox regression analysis was used to calculate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with adjustment for age, sex, heart failure and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Results The mean age of the studied population was 63.9 ± 13.6 years, and 80.1% of the patients were male. In 74.6% of the patients at least one comorbidity were identified. Hypertension (50.7%), diabetes mellitus (24.0%) and previous myocardial infarction (12%) were the leading common comorbidities at admission. The 30-day in-hospital mortality in patients with 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 comorbidities at admission (7.2%) was 4.9%, 7.2%, 11.1%, and 20.3%, respectively. The presence of 2 or more comorbidities was associated with higher 30-day in-hospital mortality compared with patients without comorbidity (RR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.13-1.77, P = 0.003, and RR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.59-2.39, P = 0.000, respectively).Conclusions Medical comorbidities were frequently found in patients with AMI. AMI patients with more comorbidities had a higher 30-day in-hospital mortality might be predictive of early poor outcome in patients with AMI.

Evaluation the short term effects on serum creatinine concentration in patients with normal renal function, mild and moderate renal insufficiency after intravenous injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of gadopentetate dimeglumine injection on renal function. Methods The study included 623 consecutive patients. Their serum creatinine concentrations before and within 3 days after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine were analyzed. Their eGFR ( estimated glomerular filtration rate) were calculated. Patients were divided into two groups according to their injection dose: group received single dose and group received double dose. Patients in each group were subdivided into three subgroups according to their eGFR: subgroup of normal renal function, subgroup of mild renal insufficiency and subgroup of moderate renal insufficiency. Paried sample t test and group design paried sample Rank Sum test were used for statistical analysis. Results There was no adverse reaction oroccurrence of acute renal insufficiency. The mean level of serum creatinine dropped from (74. 0 ±17. 2) μ mol/L to (71.5 ± 19. 0) μ mol/L (t = 5. 39, P ＜ 0. 05 ) in 623 cases after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. However, the mean level of serum creatinine increased from (89.6 ± 12. 2 ) μmol/L to (92. 1 ± 14. 6) μmol/L ( t = 0. 68, P ＞ 0. 05 ) in subgroup of mild renal insufficiency under group received double dose and increased from ( 118. 3 ± 15. 3 ) μmol/L to ( 135.7 ± 8. 5 ) μ mol/L ( t = 2. 02, P ＜ 0. 05 ) in subgroup of moderate renal insufficiency under group received double dose, the mean level of serum creatinine dropped in all other subgroups. Conclusions Single dose gadopentetate dimeglumine is safe for patients with normal renal function and mild, moderate renal insufficiency in short term, but patients with abnormal renal function should be followed up after double dose injection.

Study on HPLC fingerprint of Trachelospermum jasminoides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish HPLC fingerprint for identification and evaluation of the quality of Trachelospermum jasminoides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The analysis was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 analytical column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with H2O (A) and methanol (B) as mobile phases in gradient mode. The elutin conditions were 0-15 min, changed from 10% B to 30% B; 15-40 min, to 40% B; 40-60 min, to 60% B. The column temperature was set at 30 degrees C and the flow rate was 0.8 mL x min(-1) with the detection wavelength of 230 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The HPLC chromatographic fingerprint of T. jasminoides, showing 19 characteristic peaks, was established from 14 lots of T. jasminoides. The similarity of every lot of T. jasminoides was calculated as good in general, the similarity of 10 lots was above 0.9 and the other 4 lots had low similarity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The chromatographic fingerprint of T. jasminoides with high characteristics and specificity can be used to control its quality.</p>

The effect of intravenous administration of gadolinium contrast medium on diffusion-weighted MR of breast / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of intravenous Gd-DTPA on DWI of breast. Methods DWI was performed before and after Gd-DTPA injection on 25 patients with breast cancer confirmed by core or fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and ADC values were measured on DWI when b = 0 and 1000 s/mm2 were selected. A paired t-test and non-parametric test were used to compare the differences between SNR, CNR and ADC values before and after enhancement in breast cancer and normal breast. Results There were no significant differences between the SNR(34. 56 ± 11.34 and 33.60 ± 14. 34 for cancer, 9. 88 ± 3.16 and 10. 42 ± 4. 18 for normal breast)and CNR( 24. 16 ± 9. 05 and 22. 26 ± 10. 05 ) before and after administration of contrast medium in breast cancer and normal breast, and no significant differences between the ADC values before and after administration of contrast medium in breast cancer [(0.96±0. 13) × 10-3 vs (0.95±0. 14) × 10-3 mm2/s] and normal breast[(1.90±0.47) × 10-3 vs (1.91±0.61) × 10-3 mm2/s], either (P =0.20 and 0.97). Conclusion It is possible to repeat DWI acquisition after administration of contrast medium in breast MRI.

Developmental variation of renal apparent diffusion coefficient in rat / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the changes of renal apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value during development in intact rats.Methods Five intact male Wistar rats(1 month of age)were involved in this study.Using SE-echo planar imaging(EPI)sequence to acquire renal DWI at a 3.0 T MR on day 1,day 5,day 10,day 30,and day 50,respectively.The b value was 0 and 500 s/mm2.The ADCs of the cortex and the medulla were measured on the right kidney and the renal volume was calculated by manually renal outling on each slice.The difference of ADC between the cortex and the medulla was analyzed using a paired student t test,and the changes of renal volume and ADCs with rats development were evaluated with a repeated measurement ANOVA.Results The ADC of the cortex was higher than that of the medulla except on day 1(P＜0.01).when b value 0 and 500 s/mm2 were chosen.Renal volume increased with the rat development.from(0.86±0.02)ml to(1.47±0.21)ml.And the ADCs of both the cortex and medulla increased from(1.66±0.14)×10-3mm2/s to(1.96±0.08)×10-3mm2/s for the cortex and from (1.54±0.12)×10-3mm2/s to(1.91±0.09)×10-3mm2/s for the medulla.Conclusion Renal ADCs of both the cortex and medulla increase during the period from 1 to about 3 months of age in rats.The influence of age on renal ADC should be considered when choosing rats aged from 1 to 3 months for MR study.

Reproducibility of measuring renal oxygenation by blood oxygen level-dependent MRI in rat / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of measuring renal oxygenation in rat using blood oxygen level-dependent MR imaging(BOLD MRI).Methods Five intact male Wistar rats were included in this study and their body weights were measured before MRI scans.BOLD MRI were performed ou day 1(d1),day 5(d5),day 10(d10),day 30(d30)and day 50(d50)on a 3.0 T MR scanner to measure the apparent spin-spin relaxation(R2*).On d30 and d50,the differences of R2*(△R2*)were calculated between before and 10 min after furosemide injection through the tail vein.The reproducibility of the baseline R2* of 5 times repeated scans were verified by the repeated-measure ANOVA test.The R2* and △R2* between pre-and post-furosemide iniection on d30 and d50 were measured on the codex and the medulla and a paired t test was run to analyze their responses to furosemide and the reproducibility of △R2*.Results The average body weight on d1,d5,d10,d3 and d50 was(150.4±3.7)g、(170.2±7.0)g、(201.0±5.8)g、(306.2±17.0)g and(352.0±12.2)g,respectively,with statistical difference(F=422.103.P＜0.01).The R2* showed no statistical difference in the cortex and medulla among the five scans(P＞0.05).On d30.the R2* of the cortex and medulla was(25.2±1.2)and(32.8±2.2)Hz before and significantly decreased to(21.1±2.2)and(25.9±3.0)Hz after furosemide administration,respectively(P＜0.01).On d50,the R2* of the cortex and medulla was(25.9±0.8)and(34.3±3.9)Hz before and significantly decreased to(20.2±1.5)and(27.0±3.2)Hz after furosemide administration.respectively(P＜0.01).The △R2* on the codex and medulla was(4.1±1.7)and(6.9 4-2.8)Hz on d30 and(5.8±1.1)and(7.3±2.8)Hz on d50,respectively,but there is no significant difference between eortex and medulla(P＞0.05).Conclusion The baseline R2* in the cortex and medulla were reproducible over 50 days and they were not body weighted.On 3.0 T MR scanners.R2* in the codex and medulla decreased significantly after administration of furosemide.

Cryotherapy of employing Argon/Helium assisted with TACE in treating unresectable primary liver carcinoma / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of cryotherapy of employing Argon/Helium assisted with TACE for the unresectable primary liver carcinoma. Methods 124 cases with primary liver carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups:60 cases were treated by TACE and cryotherapy; the other 64 cases were simply done by TACE as control. In general, TACE was undertaken once a month and altogether three times for a course. Cryotherapy was undergone 1-3 times for a course. Results The total effective rates (CR+PR) were 45.3% for the control group and 68.3% for the combined therapy group, with an obvious difference between the two groups, 0.5,1,1.5 years survival rate were 81.3%,62.5%,43.8% respectively in the control group;93.3%,83.3%,63.3% respectively for the combined group. There was an obvious difference between the two groups of 1,1.5 years of survival rates. Conclusions Cryotherapy of employing Argon/Helium assisted with TACE for the unresectable primary liver carcinoma is feasible with raising the effective rate and prolonging survival time.

Quantitative Analysis of Lung HRCT in Asymptomatic Nonsmokers and the Relationship with Pulmonary Function Test Results / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the changes with aging of lung density parameters on inspiratory and expiratory HRCT in asymptomatic nonsmokers,and the correlation with pulmonary function test(PFT).Methods Lung HRCT scans were performed at end inspiratory and end expiratory in 63 subjects,and PFT were performed in 32 of them.All the subjects were divided into 5 groups according to the ages.Lung HRCT quantitative parameters of each groups were measured,and the correlation with PFT results was assessed.Results In each age group,the mean lung density of expiratory lung HRCT and the overall lung density difference between inspiratory and expiratory HRCT was significant decrease(P

Chemical constituents of Securidaca inappendiculata Ⅱ / 中草药

Object To investigate the chemical constituents of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk Methods Compounds of 95% alcohol extract from the stem of S inappendiculata were isolated by column chromatography and Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography, respectively The structures of the compounds were elucidated by chemical and spectral (UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR adn 13 CNMR) analyses Results Six compounds were isolated and identified as: 4, 4′ dimethyl 1, 7 heptanedioic acid (Ⅰ), inositol (Ⅱ), stigmasterol (Ⅲ), vittadinoside (Ⅳ), rhamnose (Ⅴ), sucrose (Ⅵ) Conclusion For the first time, compound Ⅰ was obtained from the plant and other compounds were isolated from Securidaca Mill