Histopathological evaluation of cirrhosis reversal / 中华肝脏病杂志

A normal liver can develop cirrhosis through long-term and repeated stimulation from various etiologies. Histological manifestations like the collapse of hepatic lobular structure (including microvascular structure) and the formation of pseudolobules can lead to portal hypertension and even decompensated cirrhosis. More and more evidence suggests that effective etiological treatment can not only delay but also reverse the progression of cirrhosis. The mechanism of cirrhosis reversal mainly includes the degradation of extracellular matrix, hepatocyte regeneration, and hepatic lobular remodeling. The "gold standard" for the evaluation of cirrhosis reversal at present is still a liver biopsy. Therefore, the histopathological evaluation of cirrhosis reversal is very important for determining the disease's prognosis, efficacy, and mechanism of exploration.

Interpretation of the essential updates in guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (Version 2022) / 中华肝脏病杂志

Chinese Society of Hepatology and Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association update the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (version 2022) in 2022. The latest guidelines recommend more extensive screening and more active antiviral treating for hepatitis B virus infection. This article interprets the essential updates in the guidelines to help deepen understanding and better guide the clinical practice.

Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of brassinosteroid in improving anti-cadmium stress ability of Panax notoginseng / 中国中药杂志

In this study, the effect of brassinosteroid(BR) on the physiological and biochemical conditions of 2-year-old Panax notoginseng under the cadmium stress was investigated by the pot experiments. The results showed that cadmium treatment at 10 mg·kg~(-1) inhibited the root viability of P. notoginseng, significantly increased the content of H_2O_2 and MDA in the leaves and roots of P. noto-ginseng, caused oxidative damage of P. notoginseng, and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT. Cadmium stress reduced the chlorophyll content of P. notoginseng, increased leaf F_o, reduced F_m, F_v/F_m, and PIABS, and damaged the photosynthesis system of P. notoginseng. Cadmium treatment increased the soluble sugar content of P. notoginseng leaves and roots, inhibited the synthesis of soluble proteins, reduced the fresh weight and dry weight, and inhibited the growth of P. notoginseng. External spray application of 0.1 mg·L~(-1) BR reduced the H_2O_2 and MDA content in P. notoginseng leaves and roots under the cadmium stress, alleviated cadmium-induced oxidative damage to P. notoginseng, improved the antioxidant enzyme activity and root activity of P. notoginseng, increased the content of chlorophyll, reduced the F_o of P. notoginseng leaves, increased F_m, F_v/F_m, and PIABS, alleviated the cadmium-induced damage to the photosynthesis system, and improved the synthesis ability of soluble proteins. In summary, BR can enhance the anti-cadmium stress ability of P. notoginseng by regulating the antioxidant enzyme system and photosynthesis system of P. notoginseng under the cadmium stress. In the context of 0.1 mg·L~(-1) BR, P. notoginseng can better absorb and utilize light energy and synthesize more nutrients, which is more suitable for the growth and development of P. notoginseng.

HPLC assay of epinephrine sulfonate in epinephrine injection / 药学学报

An HPLC method was established for the assay of epinephrine sulfonate (impurity F) in epinephrine injection. The determination was performed on an AQUASIL C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column with a gradient elution system, and the mobile phase was consisted of monopotassium phosphate solution (mobile phase A) and acetonitrile (mobile phase B). The injection volume was 40 μL. The detection wavelength was at 210 nm and the column temperature was 25 ℃. The total analytical time was 40 min. The results showed that the standard cure of epinephrine sulfonate (impurity F) between peak area and concentration exhibited good linear relationship within the ranges of 0.520-12.480 μg·mL-1 and the R2 = 0.999 8. The average recovery rate was 103.04% and the RSD was 2.00%. The limit concentration of detection was 0.104 μg·mL-1 and the limit concentration of quantitation was 0.520 μg·mL-1. The method could be applied to the determination of epinephrine sulfonate in epinephrine injection with high accuracy and precision, as well as good sensitivity. It could also enhance the quality standards of epinephrine-related products.

Effect of calcium sulfate on promoting natural healing of docking sites during bone transport / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe clinical effect of calcium sulfate on promoting natural healing of docking sites during bone transport.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was performed on the patients with posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis treated by bone transport and calcium sulfate implantation from January 2013 to January 2018. There were 23 males and 4 females, aged from 20 to 61 years old with an average of (44.30±10.00) years, the courses of disease ranged from 3 to 86 months with an average of(13.26±16.47) months. Sixteen patients with posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis were caused by internal fixation of closed fractures, and 11 patients were caused by open fractures. The length of bone defects after debridement ranged from 4 to 14 cm with an average of(9.11±2.57) cm. Postoperative complications, natural healing rate of the docking sites, external fixation index were observed, Checketts & Otterburn pin-tract infection classification was used to evaluate pin-tract infection, and Paley evaluation criteria was used to evaluate bone and function results.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-seven patients were followed up from 26 to 41 months with an average of (31.32±3.37) months. It did not happened skin embedded between bone stumps in all patients. All patients obtained bone union at (17.78±5.43) months after operation.Among them, 25 patients healed naturally in the docking sites, 2 patients with poor compliance healed after debridement and bone grafting in the docking sites. One patient occurred equines deformity, and no re-fracture or recurrence of infection occurred. According to Checketts & Otterburn pin tract infection classification, 22 patients (41 pin tracts)occurred pin-tract infection with varying degrees. The average external fixation index was (2.02±0.24) months/cm(ranged from 1.6 to 2.4 months/cm). According to Paley evaluation criteria, bony results showed 21 patients obtained excellent results, 5 good, and 1 moderate;functional results showed 19 patients got excellent results, 7 good, and 1 moderate.@*CONCLUSION@#During bone transport, the implantation of calcium sulfate on the bone defect areas could prevent skin embedding between the bone stumps, benefit for the natural healing of the docking sites, and could avoid the second-stage debridement and bone grafting for most patients. However, it should be noted that compliance needs to be increased.

Research progress in immune regulation mechanism of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Polygonati Rhizoma is the dry rhizome of Liliaceae plants Polygonatum kingianum coil ethemsl, Polygona?tum sibiricum Redoute and Polygonatum cyrtonem Hua. It tastes sweet and has a flat nature. It belongs to the spleen, lung and kidney channels. Polygonati Rhizoma contains a variety of chemical components, including polysaccharides, alkaloids, steroidal saponins, lignans, phytosterols, and so on. Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide (PSP) is one of the main bioactive components of Polygonati Rhizoma. It is widely used. It has the effects of enhancing immunity, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus and regulating blood lipid. In recent years, the immunomodulatory function of PSP has been paid more and more attention by researchers. PSP can play an immunomodulatory role through a variety of mecha?nisms. (1) Effects of PSP on innate immunity. ① Macrophages have a strong ability to phagocytize and clear foreign bodies. When polysaccharides bind to macrophage specific membrane receptors, the immune response will be officially activated. RAW264.7 cells can be activated by PSP MR and TLR4 mediated signal pathway to improve the pinocytosis and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells. ② Natural killer cell (NK cell) is a very important immune cell in the body. It is a non-specific immune killer cell naturally existing in the body. It has the dual functions of immune regulation and cytotoxic?ity. It was found that the signal pathway mediated by PSP CR3 and TRL2 may play a major role in the stimulation of NK cells. (2) Effects of PSP on adaptive immune response. ① Lymphocytes can be divided into two forms: T cells and B cells due to different differentiation and maturation sites. T lymphocytes are the general name of thymus dependent lym?phocytes. B lymphocytes differentiate and mature from animal bone marrow cells and exert their humoral immune func?tion by secreting different antibodies. It was found that PSP could activate T/B lymphocytes and increase the ratio of CD4+/CD8+in lymph cells to promote the regulation of immune system.②Thymus and spleen index refers to the level of body immunity through the development of immune organs and the functional status of immune cells. The higher the index of thymus and spleen, the higher the immune activity. A large number of studies have found that PSP can improve immune activity by promoting the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and regulating organ index, so as to increase the weight and index of thymus and spleen induced by CY. ③ Antibody is a glycoprotein secreted by B cells after antigen stimulation and a series of proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells. Antibody production level is one of the main indicators of nonspecific immune function. PSP can not only improve the serum antibody level of mice by regulating the phagocytosis of mouse macrophages and the level of serum hemolysin, but also enhance the concentration of IL-2 secreted by spleen lymphocytes in vitro to increase the level of antibody response, and then improve the humoral immune function of the body. (3) Effect of PSP on cytokines. ① A large number of experiments have proved that PSP has a significant effect on promoting the production of interleukin (IL). PSP can combine with specific receptors on the surface of immune cells to activate various intracellular signal transduction pathways, enhance the secretion of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 by spleen lymphocytes in vitro, make them directly kill target cells and regulate the immune function of the body at the molecular level. ② Interferon (IFN) is a special protein or glycoprotein produced by human or animal cells in response to various stimuli. It plays an important role in anti-virus, immune regulation and cell proliferation control. It was found that PSP could increase IFN-γsecreted by T cells and NK cells, activate macrophages to regulate immune function. ③ Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is mainly produced by activated macrophages, NK cells and activated T cells. It is a cytokine with important biological activity in antitumor immune response.④ Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is mainly produced by activated macrophages, NK cells and activated T cells. It is a cytokine with important biological activity in antitumor immune response. PSP can promote the proliferation and phagocytic activity of macro?phage RAW264.7 to reduce its apoptosis rate. By increasing the secretion of TNF-α, PSP can promote the dissociation between NF-κВprotein and IκВp65 protein after phosphorylation, so as to start the expression and transcription of related immune genes. In conclusion, PSP can improve immunity and has a good application prospect in the development of immunomodulatory drugs.

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 clusters in Chenzhou， Hunan Province / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 8 clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） in Chenzhou City， and provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control. Methods:Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted for 8 COVID-19 clusters， comparing and analyzing the differences of infection rates among close contacts within and outside the family， and emphatically describing two typical cases. Results:8 COVID-19 clusters were reported in Chenzhou with a total of 31 cases from January to February， 2020. The main source of infection of the family index cases was Hubei Province. Cough symptoms were observed in 67.74% of the cases， followed by fever （54.84%）. The infection rate of close contacts within the family （55.00%） was higher than that outside the family （2.56%）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=28.177， P<0.001）. The infection rate of spouse of the family index cases was 85.71%， higher than that of parents （77.78%）， other family members （44.44%） and children （40.00%）， and the difference was not statistically significant （χ2=6.004， P=0.120）. Two typical cases suggested that both COVID-19 pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic patients have the potential to excrete the virus from the body and become sources of infection. Conclusion:Effective family prevention and control measures and early sampling and screening of people in key epidemic areas are conducive to early detection， early isolation and early treatment of infected people， so as to avoid the occurrence and spread of family clusters.

In vitro lipolysis process and lipolysis mechanism of testosterone undecanoate type Ⅲ lipid formulations / 药学学报

The study evaluates the lipolysis rate and extent of type Ⅲ lipid formulations using testosterone undecanoate as a model drug after digestion with in vitro lipolysis model, and studies the digestive regularity with optical microscope and electrical conductivity. The results showed that for testosterone undecanoate type Ⅲ lipid formulations with castor oil as oil phase and Transcutol HP as latent solvent, the lipolysis rate and extent were increased with the increase of oil phase proportion and were decreased with excessive proportion of surfactant, in which can see liquid crystal phase during lipolysis process. The lipolysis rate of type ⅢB lipid preparations with different surfactant were ordered as Labrasol > Tween 80 > Cremophor EL, but the rate of type ⅢA is different in quick digestion phase and slow digestion phase. The lipolysis extent of type Ⅲ lipid formulations with different surfactant were ordered as Cremophor EL > Tween 80 > Labrasol. These may be related to the digestive effect of pancreatic lipase on different surfactants. This study implied that the lipolysis rate and extent of type Ⅲ lipid formulations are greatly influenced by the proportion of oil phase and surfactant, and the surfactant structure. These factors will affect the in vivo digestion and should be taken into account when screening type Ⅲ lipid formulations.

Regression of liver fibrosis: evidence and challenges / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

It has been reported that liver fibrosis could be reversed after eliminating liver injuries. This article systematically summarizes the evidence of fibrosis regression based on histology, liver stiffness, and serum biomarkers, and discusses several clinically relevant challenges. Evidence from liver biopsy has been regarded as the gold standard in the assessment of fibrosis regression. Semi-quantitative staging and grading systems are traditionally and routinely used to define regression. Recently, the predominantly regressive, indeterminate, and predominantly progressive score was proposed, based on the regressive features from "hepatic repair complex", to provide additional information regarding the quality of fibrosis. For non-invasive assessment, although liver stiffness and serum biomarkers could be applied to reflect the dynamic changes of liver fibrosis, other confounding factors such as liver inflammation have to be considered. In conclusion, both histology and non-invasive methods can provide evidence regarding fibrosis regression. The predictive value of fibrosis regression in long-term prognosis warrants further investigation.

Epidemiological survey and study of hepatitis E virus among HIV-infected population in Hubei Province / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To determinate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) exposition among HIV-infected people in Hubei Province so as to provide basic data for effective prevention and control of HIV and hepatitis E virus． Methods A total of 335 serum samples of HIV-infected people were collected from January to June 2017．Serum samples were subjected to anti-HEV IgG andanti-HEV IgM screening. Data were statistically analyzed. Results In 335 HIV-infected people，0.89% (3/335) of serum samples were anti-HEV IgM positive and 41.49% (139/335) of them were anti-HEV IgG positive．The anti-HEV IgG positive rate was not linearly correlated with age ( 2linear=0.756，P=0.385), and there was no significant difference between the age groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in anti-HEV IgG positive rate between different gender( 2=0.085，P=0.771)．Anti-HEV IgG positive rate for the crowd with CD4 value ≤ 200 cell/μl was higher than that with CD4 ＞200 cell/μl，but showed no significant difference( 2=1.016，P=0.314)，and CD4 indexes of three positive anti-HEV IgM patients were 222, 446 and 198 in cell/μl．The anti-HEV IgG positive rate in HIV-infected population in eastern Hubei (30.77%, 32/1 041) was statistically different from that in central Hubei (47.92%, 46/96) ( 2=6.169，P=0.013) , and it was also different from that in southeastern Hubei (45.79%， 49/107) ( 2=5.034，P=0.025). Conclusions There were higher HEV infection rate among HIV-infected people in Hubei Province; thus, it is essential to positively carry out double-way screening for these two diseases at the same time, and effective prevention and control of these viruses are required.

The role of SPAG6/SPINK2 protein complex in the formation of sperm acrosome in mice / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the expression and regulatory function of sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) in the formation of the sperm acrosome in mice.@*METHODS@#The expression of SPAG6 during the first wave of spermatogenesis on postnatal days (PN) 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 30 and 35 was examined by Western blot and the localization of SPAG6 in the testicular germ cells was determined by immunofluorescence. The expression plasmids of SPAG6 and serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 2 (SPINK2) were constructed, the interaction between SPAG6 and SPINK2 in the AH109 and CHO cells examined by yeast two-hybrid and co-localization assays, and the expression and localization of SPINK2 in the testicular germ cells of the SPAG6-knockout (SPAG6 KO) mice detected by immunofluorescence.@*RESULTS@#SPAG6 was highly expressed between PN 16 and 28 and localized in the acrosome of the round spermatids. Yeast two-hybrid assay showed the growth of SPAG6 and SPINK2 in the selective culture medium SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His, and the transfection of the CHO cells revealed the co-localization of SPAG6 and SPINK2 around the nuclei. The expression and acrosomal localization of SPINK2 were not found in the testicular germ cells of the SPAG6-KO mice.@*CONCLUSIONS@#SPAG6 interacts with SPINK2 and probably participates in the formation of the sperm acrosome by stabilizing the expression of SPINK2 during spermatogenesis.

Determination of Residual Solvents in Tulobuterol by Gas Chromatography / 医药导报

Objective To establish a method for the determination of residual solvents in tulobuterol by GC and optimize the purified process of crude tulobuterol product by this method. Methods The analysis was performed on Agilent DB-624 capillary column (30 m×0.32 mm,1.8 μm).The carrier gas was nitrogen at 1 mL·min-1.The injector temperature was 250 ℃.Detector was FID with hydrogen at 45 mL·min-1and air at 450 mL·min-1.The detector temperature was 250 ℃.The column temperature program was used.And the flow ratio was 10:1.Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as solvent of reference and test solution. Results Ethanol,tert-butylamine,dichloromethane,tert-butyl-methyl ether,n-hexane and 1,4-dioxane were completely separated.The calibration curve of each solvent showed good linear correlation. The RSD of precision was less than 5.0% and the average recovery ranged from 97.0% to 104.0% (RSD<5%).By optimizing the purification process of toloterol,the residue of organic solvent in the preparation of tolobuterol was in accordance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia ( 2015) limit. Conclusion Validated by methodology,this simple,rapid and precise method can be used for the test of residual solvents in tulobuterol.

Influence of Danhong injection combined metoprolol tartrate on hemodynamics and ECG in CHD pa-tients with arrhythmias / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To analyze influence of Danhong injection combined metoprolol tartrate on hemodynamics and ECG in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and arrhythmias .Methods :A total of 98 CHD patients with ar-rhythmias treated in our hospital from Feb 2013 to Sep 2016 were selected .The patients were randomly divided into routine treatment group and combined treatment group (received Danhong injection combined metoprolol tartrate based on routine treatment group ) ,both groups were treated for continuous four weeks .Blood pressure etc .indexes and therapeutic effect were observed and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results : Com-pared with before treatment ,after four-week treatment ,there were significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ,mean arterial pressure (MAP) ,times of non-sustained ventricular tachycar-dia (NSVT) and ventricular premature beat (VPB) ,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ,fibrinogen (Fg) ,hem-atocrit (HCT) ,whole blood low shear viscosity (NBL) and whole blood high shear viscosity (NBH) ,and significant rise in PR interval in two groups ,and significant rise in QT interval in combined treatment group , P＜0. 05 or ＜0.01. Compared with routine treatment group after four-week treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of SBP [ (120.11 ± 10.23) mmHg vs.(108.11 ± 7.83) mmHg] ,DBP [ (85.61 ± 5.61) mmHg vs.(70.12 ± 4.12) mmHg] ,MAP [ (100.11 ± 7.23) mmHg vs .(81.33 ± 5.16) mmHg] ,times of NSVT [ (4.51 ± 0.31) times/d vs. (2.11 ± 0.25) times/d] and VPB [ (3673.11 ± 86.34) times/d vs.(2711.34 ± 62.31) times/d] ,ESR [ (19.72 ± 2.73) mm/h vs.(12.44 ± 1.98) mm/h] ,Fg [ (300.11 ± 23.44) g/L vs.(223.43 ± 16.74) g/L] ,HCT [ (40.12 ± 3.57)% vs.(31.32 ± 2.14)% ] ,NBL [ (8.22 ± 1.11) mpa·s vs .(6.72 ± 0.84) mpa·s] and NBH [ (5.12 ± 0.73) mpa·s vs .(3.98 ± 0.56) mpa·s] ,and significant rise in QT interval [ (0.38 ± 0.17) s vs .(0.49 ± 0.19) s] ,PR interval [ (0.17 ± 0.02) s vs.(0.19 ± 0.03) s] and QRS interval [ (0.07 ± 0.02) s vs.(0.09 ± 0.03) s] in combined treatment group , P＜0. 01 all.Total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group (89.80% vs.73.47%) , P＝0.035 .Conclusion :Danhong injection combined metoprolol tartrate can significantly improve hemodynamic and ECG indexes in CHD patients with arrhythmias , which is worth extending .

The study of the protective effect of panoxadiol on Alzheimer’s disease cells based on network pharmacology / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the therapeutic effects of main active compounds of panaxadiol ( PD ) in on Alzheimer’s disease ( AD) via network pharmacologi-cal analysis and Mmolecular docking. Methods A to-tal of 107 prescriptions for AD treatment were screened by using network pharmacology, screening for the high-est frequency of ginseng and its target for AD. Use mo-lecular docking technology was used to find components with the highest score for non-receptor tyrosine kinase ( FYN) docking. Then we successfully estimatedestab-lished AD cell model with overexpressinged APP pro-teins in vitro. Next,the cell viability was detected by MTT assay,the cell damage was detected by LDH as-say,the apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+concentration were detected by flow cytometry, and phosphorylated FYN protein expression was detected by Western blot detection of . phosphorylated FYN protein expression. Results Eighteen active components of Gginseng and 29 AD-related targets were screened by the method of network pharmacology. The results of molecular doc-king showed that PD had strong binding effects with FYN. The results showed that PD could increase the survival rate of cells,reduce the release of LDH,reduce apoptosis,and improve AD cells’ intracellular Ca2+o-verload and reduce the expression of FYN-Y416 pro-tein. Conclusion The experimental results of network pharmacology were are verified and the protective effect of PD on AD may be related to inhibition of FYN signa-ling pathway.

A Primary Investigation on Serum CTX-II Changes in Patients Infected with Brucellosis in Qinghai Plateau, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases, with the most frequent complication being osteoarticular changes. The aim of this study was to assess the changes of C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) in patients infected with brucellosis. A total of 84 brucellosis patients and 43 volunteers were selected and divided into brucellosis vs. control groups. Serum samples were subjected to serological tests for brucellosis, and CTX-II levels in all samples were measured simultaneously with ELISA. The results showed that serum CTX-II levels in human brucellosis were higher than those of healthy controls, without a statistically significant difference, but serum CTX-II levels in male patients were significantly higher than those of female patients (P<0.05). This finding could indicate the biological changes in the cartilage and bone in human brucellosis.

Baseline Hepatitis B Virus DNA Level is a Promising Factor for Predicting the 3 (rd) Month Virological Response to Entecavir Therapy: A Study of Strict Defined Hepatitis B virus Induced Cirrhosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cirrhosis is a common complication of chronic hepatitis B. It remains unclear if viral and biochemical parameters at baseline affect virological response to entecavir and therefore warrant investigation. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of entecavir therapy by monitoring virological response at the end of the 3 rd month of treatment and try to figure out whether baseline factors could help predict it in a cohort of hepatitis B virus (HBV) compensated cirrhosis patients and to determine the cut-off value of a predicting parameter.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 91 nucleos(t)ide-naïve patients with HBV induced cirrhosis (compensatory stage) were enrolled in a prospective cohort. HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were tested at baseline and monitored every 3-6 months after starting therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all 91 patients, the median follow-up time was 12 (9-24) months. Overall, 64 patients (70.3%) achieved virological response in the 3 rd month. Univariate analysis showed that the 3 rd month virological response can be predicted by baseline HBV DNA levels (P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR]: 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-3.15), ALT value (P = 0.023, OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negativity (P = 0.016, OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11-0.80). Multiple regression analysis showed baseline HBV DNA level was the only parameter related to full virological response. Higher baseline HBV DNA strata indicated a higher probability that HBV DNA remains detectable at the 3 rd month (P = 0.001). Area under receiver operating characteristic curve for determining the 3 rd month virological response by baseline HBV DNA was 77.6% (95% CI: 66.7-85.2%), with a best cut-off value of 5.8 log 10 .</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Baseline HBV DNA, HBeAg negativity, and ALT were independent factors contributing to virological response at the 3 rd month. Further, multiple regression showed that HBV DNA level was the only parameter predicting full virological response as early as the 3 rd month, in this cirrhosis cohort.</p>

The expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in pancreatic tissue of rats with severe acute pancreatitis and the intervention effects of Ulinastatin / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the mechanism of HMGB1 and TLR4 in pancreatic tissue of rats with severe acute pancreatitis and the intervention effect of Ulinastatin .Methods The 54 SD rats were completely random divided into control group ,SAP group and Ulinastatin treatment group ,and each group was divided into three groups :6 ,12 h and 24 h groups (each group n=6) .In con‐trol group ,we turned the pancreatic tissue ,in SAP group ,the SAP model was made with 5% taurocholic acid ;and in the treatment group ,and intravenous injection of ulinastatin was conducted after the SAP model was successfully made .Then we observed the pancreatic tissue pathology in the three groups .The amylase in serum was detected by EPS‐G7 assay ,the HMGB1 in serum and pancreatic tissue was detected by ELISA assay ,the expression levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 in pancreatic tissue were detected by Envision two‐step immunoassay .Results Compared with control group ,the amylase of each time point in SAP group and treatment group were significantly higher ,and the pathology changed obviously (P<0 .05) ,and the SAP model was successfully made .The HMGB1 expression in pancreatic tissue and serum started increase at 6 h ,increased quickly at 12 h and maintained the increasing trend to 24 h in SAP group and it was significantly higher at the same time point compared with that of control group (P<0 .05);at the same time point ,the HMGB1 in treatment group was significantly lower than that of SAP group (P<0 .05);in SAP group , the expression of TLR4 in pancreatic tissue started increasing at 6 h ,reached its peak at 12 h and started decreasing at 24 h ,it was significantly higher than the control group at the same time point (P<0 .05) .At the same time point ,the TLR4 was significantly lower in the treatment group than SAP group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The proinflammatory effect of HMGB1 in SAP rats pancre‐atic could be partly combine its receptor TLR4 and MyD88‐dependent pathway through implementation ,and the protecting mecha‐nism of Ulinastatin could be interrupt the HMGB1 and TLR4 signaling pathway in SAP rats pancreatic tissue .

Vein Scanning Projection Instrument Based on Two-Dimensional Scanning Mirror / 中国医疗器械杂志

With the development of science and technology, new medical equipments is toward the direction of intelligent and portable. In order to assist medical personnel to patients with blood, developing from previous devices, a new kind of vein locating projection instrument based on two-dimensional scanning mirror is put forward. It can scan and project vein image using a scanning mirror. The related algorithm is also be improved, make vein scan projection more practical. The system finally set up can perform well in vein scan projection.

Molecular mechanism of fluoroquinolones resistance in Mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates

To evaluate the molecular mechanism of fluoroquinolones resistance in Mycoplasma hominis (MH) clinical strains isolated from urogenital specimens. 15 MH clinical isolates with different phenotypes of resistance to fluoroquinolones antibiotics were screened for mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB) and topoisomerase IV (parC and parE) in comparison with the reference strain PG21, which is susceptible to fluoroquinolones antibiotics. 15 MH isolates with three kinds of quinolone resistance phenotypes were obtained. Thirteen out of these quinolone-resistant isolates were found to carry nucleotide substitutions in either gyrA or parC. There were no alterations in gyrB and no mutations were found in the isolates with a phenotype of resistance to Ofloxacin (OFX), intermediate resistant to Levofloxacin (LVX) and Sparfloxacin (SFX), and those susceptible to all three tested antibiotics. The molecular mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of MH was reported in this study. The single amino acid mutation in ParC of MH may relate to the resistance to OFX and LVX and the high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones for MH is likely associated with mutations in both DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV.

The inhibitory action of the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by radiotherapy in a prostate cancer cell line / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate mechanism for the increasing level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in tumour patients during radiotherapy and the inhibitory action of the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) to the expression of VEGF protein by radiotherapy in the prostate cancer cell line (PC3M).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To observe the changes of serum VEGF in the prostate cancer patients during radiotherapy dynamically and the inhibitory action of the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the expression of VEGF by radiotherapy in PC3M.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The changes of serum VEGF in three patients receiving radiotherapy had been observed continuously. The levels of serum VEGF began to increase when the patients received radiotherapy and rised up to peak value after fifteen days, then declined to the range of pre-radiotherapy. Irradiating the PC3M cells with X-rays significantly increased the VEGF expression and secretion. The expression of VEGF protein in the group treated by VEGF AS-ODNs and X-ray irradiation decreased significantly than the group treated only by X-ray irradiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The induction of VEGF protein expression by X-ray irradiation in tumor cells may result in the increasing of the VEGF in the prostate cancer patients during radiotherapy and the induction can be blocked by VEGF AS-ODNs.</p>