Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province from 2016 to 2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Qiqihar City, and to understand the epidemic and development rules of HFRS, and to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control measures.Methods:The data of HFRS cases in Qiqihar City from 2016 to 2020 were collected from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System by retrospective analysis, and the three distributions (time, region and population distribution) of HFRS were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. At the same time, the monitoring data of rats in Nehe City from 2016 to 2020 were collected from the Nehe Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention for descriptive analysis.Results:From 2016 to 2020, 868 HFRS cases were reported in Qiqihar City, with 10 deaths. The average annual incidence rate was 3.26/100 000, the average annual mortality rate was 0.04/100 000, and the case fatality rate was 1.15%. From 2016 to2020, the incidence rates were 3.23/100 000, 3.31/100 000, 3.22/100 000, 4.10/100 000 and 2.43/100 000, respectively. Incidence occurred in all months of the year, with the peak period from October to December (490 cases in total). The top five counties(cities) with the incidence of HFRS were Nehe City (7.46/100 000), Keshan County (5.03/100 000), Gannan County (3.84/100 000), Fuyu County (3.82/100 000) and Tailai County (3.63/100 000). Among the patients, 76.04% (660/868) were male and 23.96% (208/868) were female; the age of onset was mainly 30-69 years old, accounting for 81.57% (708/868) of the total cases; the occupation distribution was mainly farmers, accounting for 75.46% (655/868) of the total cases. The results of rat monitoring in Nehe City from 2016 to 2020 showed that Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in the field and village, accounting for 65.13% (581/892) and 80.21% (466/581), respectively. In spring, the rat density in the field and village was 3.37% (397/11 771) and 6.64% (275/4 141), respectively; in autumn, the rat density in the field and village was 8.47% (495/5 843) and 9.40% (306/3 254), respectively. The virus carrying rate of Rattus norvegicus was high, 13.14% (131/997); the infection rate of Rattus norvegicus was also high, 15.15% (151/997); the virus carrying rate and infection rate in the village were higher than those in the field (χ 2 = 6.87, P = 0.009; χ 2 = 13.05, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The incidence of HFRS in Qiqihar City is relatively stable from 2016 to 2018, rising in 2019 and falling back in 2020; the onset time is mainly in autumn and winter, mainly male and farmers. From 2016 to 2020, among all counties (cities, districts) in Qiqihar City, the incidence of HFRS in Nehe City is high, and the density of rats in autumn is higher than that in spring. Rattus norvegicus is the main species of rats, with high virus carrying rate and infection rate.

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of secondary somatic embryos in alfalfa / 生物工程学报

We describe a genetic transformation method of secondary somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa through cotyledon-stage somatic embryos of alfalfa infected by Agrobacterium strain GV3101. The Agrobacterium strain GV3101 contained binary vector pCAMBIA2301 that had gus gene as reporter and npt II gene as selectable marker. The infected primary embryos were induced through series of medium under 75 mg/L kanamycin selection. We obtained the transgenic alfalfa plants. Then, GUS expression in different tissue of transgenic alfalfa was tested by GUS histochemical analysis. Further, the stable integration and transformation efficiency were tested by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting hybridization. The result showed that GUS expression was different in different organs of transgenic alfalfa; the copy number of integrated npt II gene was from 1 to 4; the transformation efficiency via primary somatic embryogenesis was 65.82%.

Changes of bone mineral density in association with serum interleukin-6 in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: There has been increasing attention in the study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ALS)and bone metabolism, which is accompanied by osteopenia and osteoporosis. Interleukin(IL) -6, a cytokine that strongly promotes bone resorption, participates in the regulation of bone metablism.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between changes of bone mineral density(BMD) and serum IL-6 content in AIS.DESIGN: A controlled non-randomized concurrent study involving patients with AIS and and healthy volunteers.SETTING: The clinic and wards of the department of spinal surgery of a university-affiliated hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six patients with AIS(6 males and 30 females aged 12 to 18 years) were treated in the Department of Spinal Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical College of Nanjing University from July to October 2003, who had a Cobb angle ranging from 34° - 109° and curvature of the thoracic spine. Thirty-six healthy adolescent volunteers(7 males and 29 females within the range of 13 - 18 years old) served as the control group.METHODS: The BMD was measured at L2- L4 and the proximal femur;(including the femoral neck, greater trochanter and Ward' s triangle) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum IL-6 determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① BMD of the lumbar spine and femur ② Comparison of serum IL-6 content of all the subjects.RESULTS: The BMD of AIS patients at L2- L4, femoral neck, greater trochanter and Ward' s triangle was 0.79±0. 12, 0.78±0. 12, 0.65± 0. 10, and 0. 69 ± 0. 13 g/cm2, respectively, all significantly lower than the corresponding measurements of the control group(1.09 ± 0. 11, 0.95 ± 0. 11,0. 78 ± 0. 10, and 0. 88 ± 0. 11 g/cm2, respectively, P ＜ 0. 001), whereas the serum IL-6 content in the patients was significantly higher than that in the control subjects ( P ＜ 0. 005). The changes of BMD at the lumbar spine and the three sites of femur were negatively correlated with serum IL-6 in AIS patients( P ＜ 0. 001 ), but not so in the control group( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The BMD is decreased and serum IL-6 elevated in patients with AIS, and excessive secretion of IL-6 might be one of the important factors of osteopenia in AIS.