Changing trend in diabetes-related death and probability of premature mortality among residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2002 to 2020 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the trend in diabetes-related death and probability of premature mortality among residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai and provide evidence for the formulation of relevant intervention strategies. MethodsMortality and demographic data were collected among residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2002 to 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test with SPSS 21.0 and Excel 2010. Joinpoint regression was used to determine annual percent change （APC）. The mortality was standardized by utilizing the world standard population in 2000. ResultsA total of 25 091 cases of diabetes-related deaths were reported in Yangpu District， Shanghai from 2002 to 2020. The average annual crude mortality of diabetes-related diseases was 122.10/105， which was 116.13/105 in males and 128.23/105 in females. The difference between males and females in crude mortality was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Moreover， primary causes of diabetes-related deaths were diabetes， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， and tumors. Among diabetic deaths， peripheral circulatory complications accounted for 50.79%， followed by renal complications （16.05%）. The crude mortality in males， females， and total of diabetes-related diseases showed an upward trend， while the standardized mortality remained stable with an upward trend in male and a downward trend in female. Furthermore， the crude mortality in males， females， and total of diabetes complicated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases showed an increasing trend. In contrast， both the standardized mortality in males and in total showed an increasing trend， while that in females remained stable. The overall crude mortality of diabetes was on the rise， which was increasing in males and stable in females. The overall standard mortality of diabetes was on the decline， which was increasing in males while declining in females. In addition， the probability of premature mortality caused by diabetes-related diseases， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases complicated with diabetes， and diabetes decreased from 2002 to 2020 with no statistical significance. Males showed an upward trend while females showed a downward trend. ConclusionThe mortality of diabetes-related diseases， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases complicated with diabetes， and diabetes among residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai is on the rise. Similarly， standardized mortality and probability of premature mortality in males for all three diseases are also on the rise. It warrants more attention to the health of male diabetes patients and targeted measures to reduce the disease burden.

Analysis of the curative effect of extensive pterional approach combined with cutting of the zygomatic arch for the resection of large sphenoid ridge meningioma / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To explore the application of extensive pterional approach combined with cutting of the zygomatic arch for the resection of large sphenoid ridge meningioma. Methods: Thirty-three patients with large sphenoid ridge meningioma underwent operation using the extensive pterional approach combined with cutting of the zygomatic arch. Twenty patients with large sphenoid ridge meningioma received operation with the traditional pterional approach as the control. The resection rate, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications were compared between the groups. Results: Two groups of patients underwent craniotomy under microscope. The Simpon grade I resection and grade Ⅱ resection rate was 93.9％ in the cutting of the zygomatic arch approach group and 60.0％ in the control group (P<0.01). The operative time was (325.2±121.3) min in the cutting of the zygomatic arch approach group, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group with (406.4±182.9) min (P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss was (502.5±101.8) mL and (697.7±115.4) mL in the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, postoperative complication rate was 15.2％ and 45.0％ in the cutting the zygomatic arch approach group and the control group, respectively (P<0.05). No death was reported in both groups. Conclusion: Extensive pterional approach combined with cutting of the zygomatic arch can fully expose the anatomical structures of the skull base and the sellar region to eliminate the influence of temporal muscle in the exposure of the surgical area. The operative field is exposed to reduce the stretch injury to only the frontotemporal brain tissue, which might be helpful for the complete resection of large sphenoid ridge meningioma, and is more conducive to neurovascular anatomy and relevant functional protection.

Protective effects of SFE-CO2 of Notoginseng against glutamate-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effects of supercritical CO2 fluid extract(SFE)of Notoginseng a-gainst glutamate-induced PC12 cells damage and the underlying mechanism. Methods PC12 cells were dealt with glutamate to establish cell models. MTT as-say,LDH method,Hoschst 33342 staining,Fluo-3 /AM fluorescence staining and Western blot were used to observe the changes of cell viability,intracellular Ca2 + concentration and the expression of protein that interacted with C kinase l(PICK1)and glutamate re-ceptors 2 (GluR2),respectively. Results Glutamate was cytotoxic to PC12 cells with an inhibitory concen-tration 50(IC 50 )of 25 mmol·L - 1 . Pretreatment with SFE(25,50,100 mg·L-1)and FSC231(100 μmol ·L-1 )and SFE(100 mg·L-1 )+FSC231(100μmol ·L-1 )remarkablely improved cell viability,reduced LDH leakage,decreased apoptosis rate,debased intra-cellular calcium concentration,decreased the expres-sion of PICK1 ,and increased the expression of GluR2 . Conclusions SFE of Notoginseng shows protective effects against glutamate-induced PC12 cell damage, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PICK1 and the increase of GluR2 protein expression.

Progress and perspective of silkworm as a model of human diseases for drug screening / 药学学报

As a typical representative of Lepidopteran insects, the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has numerous advantages, such as simple husbandry, highly prolific nature, short generation time, easily handled to be operated with moderate body size, clear genetic background and abundant mutation resources. Silkworm has not only been studied by the geneticists, but also been used as a new laboratory animal model of human disease and drug screening. There is a plenty of genetic resources in silkworm, some of which could be used as models of human genetic diseases, such as Phenylketonuria, Parkinson 's disease, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and so on. Silkworm has also played a significant role in the study of pathogenesis of human pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, silkworm could be used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics properties and safety of a new drug comprehensively and systematically. At the same time, it can be used in the high throughput drug screening assays to shorten the period of the new drug research and development. This review summarizes that the silkworm is an excellent model in the drug screening assays, and has a potential in application to the large-scale drug screening.

Cloning and expression analysis of leucoanthocyanidin reductase gene in Fagopyrum dibotrys / 药学学报

The leucoanthocyantin reducase (LAR) gene, an important functional gene of catechins biosynthesis pathway, was cloned from Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara by degenerate PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of FdLAR is 1 581 bp (GenBank accession: JN793953), containing a 1 176 bp ORF encoding a 391 amino acids protein, and its 3'-untranslated region has an obvious polyadenylation signal. The recombinant plasmid containing FdLAR completed ORF was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The target fusion peptide with molecular weight of 66 kD was expressed under the condition of 16 degrees C and induced by IPTG at final concentration of 1.0 mmol x L(-1). Bioinformation analysis indicated that the amino acid sequence of FdLAR showed great homology to other LAR with the NADB-Rossmann conversed domain in the N-terminus. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of FdLAR gene during different development periods. The determination of flavonoids contents in appropriate rhizomes showed that the relationship between FdLAR gene expression and the accumulation of flavonoids displayed different trends during vegetative growth and reproductive growth stages, suggesting that the FdLAR gene may be involved in the pathway of flavonoid metabolisms in Fagopyrum dibotrys.

Cloning and expression analysis of leucoanthocyanidin reductase gene in Fagopyrum dibotrys / 药学学报

The leucoanthocyantin reducase (LAR) gene, an important functional gene of catechins biosynthesis pathway, was cloned from Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara by degenerate PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of FdLAR is 1 581 bp (GenBank accession: JN793953), containing a 1 176 bp ORF encoding a 391 amino acids protein, and its 3'-untranslated region has an obvious polyadenylation signal. The recombinant plasmid containing FdLAR completed ORF was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The target fusion peptide with molecular weight of 66 kD was expressed under the condition of 16 degrees C and induced by IPTG at final concentration of 1.0 mmol x L(-1). Bioinformation analysis indicated that the amino acid sequence of FdLAR showed great homology to other LAR with the NADB-Rossmann conversed domain in the N-terminus. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of FdLAR gene during different development periods. The determination of flavonoids contents in appropriate rhizomes showed that the relationship between FdLAR gene expression and the accumulation of flavonoids displayed different trends during vegetative growth and reproductive growth stages, suggesting that the FdLAR gene may be involved in the pathway of flavonoid metabolisms in Fagopyrum dibotrys.

Evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of dysplastic nodule in liver cirrhosis / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To observe the enhancement pattern of focal liver lesions in cirrhotic patients and to evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in the diagnosis of dysplastic nodule with hepatocellular carcinoma(DN-Ca). Methods One hundred and forty-one cirrhotic patients with 163 focal liver lesions with the size of 1 - 3 cm were included in this study. All the nodules were examined using CEUS with SonoVue and underwent biopsy. The biopsies were performed using 18G needles in the different parts of enhancement. The enhancement patterns of DN-Ca, HCC and regenerative nodule(RN) were analyzed.Results Twenty-one lesions were diagnosed as DN-Ca by biopsy,45 lesions as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 97 lesions as RN. All the 21 lesions of DN-Ca presented partial enhancement during arterial phase or portal phase and wash-out during the late phase; the other areas of the lesions presented delayed or simultaneous enhancement during arterial phase and 23.8 % (5/21 ) slight wash-out in the late phase. Of the 45 lesions of HCC,82.2 % (37/45) presented global enhancement during arterial phase or portal phase, and 17.8% (8/45) presented inhomogeneous enhancement with no-enhancement in the central area during arterial phase, 100% (45/45) presented wash-out during the late phase. In 97 RNs, 96.9% (94/97)presented delayed or simultaneous enhancement during arterial phase, 3.1% (3/97) presented slightly enhancement during arterial phase;25.8% (25/97) showed wash-out and 74. 2% (72/97) showed no washout during the late phase. The pathological diagnosis was HCC in the enhanced area and hepatocytes regeneration in the un-enhanced area in the 21 DN-Ca. Conclusions CEUS is helpful in predicting the progress from RN to HCC by analyzing the hemodynamics. CEUS can improve the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy by providing more accurate information.

The effect of Nifedipine and mechanical strain on matrix metalloproteinase expression in human periodontal ligament fibroblast / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Nifedipine on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-10 and MMP-13 expression in human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPDLF) induced by mechanical strain in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HPDLF was divided into four groups at random by mechanical strain of elongation 0%, 8%, 12% and 16%. Each group was divided into four subgroups again by the concentration of Nifedipine 0, 10, 30, 50 microm. The cells were imposed to state mechanical strain 12 h after incubated with Nifedipine 1 h. And then immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 in intracytoplasm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 0% group, there was no significant difference of MMP-10 and MMP-13 expression in all subgroups (P>0.05). The expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 were high in group 8%, 12% and 16% without Nifedipine, and increasing significantly with elongation (P<0.001). The expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 decreased with dose increasing (P<0.001) in HPDLF after imposed to Nifidepine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 induced by mechanical strain were inhibited by Nifedipine, which suggested calcium ions channels participate in expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 induced by loading.</p>

Treating high angle bimaxillary protrusion with three kinds of extraction method: a clinical study / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of three kinds of extraction model on high angle bimaxillary protrusion patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 30 patients with Class I malocclusion and bimaxillary protrusion, aged 14-25 years old, were selected and divided into three groups. Four first premolars were extracted in the first group. The two maxillary first premolars and two mandibular first molars were extracted in the second group. The two maxillary first premolars and two mandibular first molars were extracted in the third group, and two additional micro-implants used as orthodontic anchorage in maxilla. Three groups were all treated with MBT appliance. Cephalometric analysis were carried out before and after treatment, and the results were analyzed with statistics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) About the hard tissues, compared with the first group, there were statistically significant differences of N-Me, SGo/NMe, ANS-Me, FH/MP, SN/MP, and ODI in the second and the third group after treatment (P<0.01). 2) About the soft tissues, the teeth and the alveolar bone, compared with the first group, there were statistically significant differences of Pg-Pos, Li-SnPos, Si-LiPos, LL-E, L1-NB, L1/NB, U1/L1, L7-MP in the second and the third group after treatment (P<0.01). 3) All patients received consummate orthodontic treatment and obtained fine occlusion. Facial profiles were improved significantly after orthodontic treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1) After orthodontic treatment with mandibular first molars extraction, FH/MP, SN/MP, N-Me, ANS-Me, L1-NB and L1/NB decreased respectively, and soft tissue profiles were improved significantly. 2) Additional micro-implant used as orthodontic anchorage in maxilla significantly contributed to the maxillary incisor retraction and subsequent soft tissue change. 3) The first molars extraction and additional micro-implant used as orthodontic anchorage are efficient in improving the facial profiles for high angle bimaxillary protrusion patients.</p>

Stress-up-regulated myocardial endothelin receptors are suppressed by chlo-robenzyltetrahydroberberine CPU86017 and its RS chiral isomer / 中国药科大学学报

Aim: To investigate the changes of endothelin( ET) receptors by isoproterenol in myocardial cells, and the invervention effects of CPU86017 and its RS isomer. Methods: Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyo-cytes were prepared, and isoproterenol was added to each group for modeling, followed by drug interventions with propranolol, CPU86017 and RS chiral isomer respectively. Results: The expressions of ET_A and ET_B were increased by isoproterenol, in which the level of ET_B was higher than ET_A . This phenomenon was adjusted to different degrees by using propranolol, CPU86017 and RS chiral isomer in a dosage-relevant manner. The infervention effect of RS isomer was better than that of CPU86017 at the high dosage( 10 μmol/L). Conclusion: The cardiovascular effects of CPU86017 and RS chiral isomer could be correlative to the inhibition of the over-expressions of ET_A and ET_B.

Renin-angiotensin system blocking agents reverse the myocardial hypertrophy in experimental hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy via altering intracellular calcium handling / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanisms of myocardial hypertrophy induced by Levothyroxine (L-Thy).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rabbit model of hyperthyroidism was established by daily intraperitoneal injections of L-Thy (45 microg/kg per day) for 28 days. New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): control group, L-Thy group (L-Thy alone), imidapril group (L-Thy + 0.5 mg/kg imidapril), and valsartan group (L-Thy + 8 mg/kg valsartan). All rabbits were treated for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatments, all rabbits underwent echocardiography and IVS, LV and LVPW thickness were measured. Ventricular tissues were then collected.Cardiac hypertrophy index, cardiomyocyte diameter, structural and ultrastructural changes were obtained. Ventricular myocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion method and intracellular Ca2+ concentration was determined with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fluo3/AM and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Activity of Sarco/Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) was evaluated with P-NPP method.mRNA expression of L-type Ca2+ channel (LCC), ryanodine receptor (RyR), and SERCA was semi-quantified with RT-PCR. Protein of IP3R was localized by immunostaining and semi-quantified with pathological image analytic system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group, rabbits treated with L-Thy displayed remarkable myocardial hypertrophy and morphological changes in both structure and ultrastructure levels. Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration [(576.2 +/- 41.7) nmol/L vs. (314.6 +/- 35.6) nmol/L, P < 0.01] and decreased SERCA activity [(0.062 +/- 0.013) micromol x min(-1)xg(-1) vs. (0.133 +/- 0.022) micromol x min(-1)xg(-1), P < 0.01] were detected in L-Thy treated rabbits. RT-PCR analysis and (or) immunohistochemistry revealed decreased mRNA expression of LCC mRNA (0.48 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.16, P < 0.01) and increased RyR mRNA (1.19 +/- 0.21 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.15, P < 0.01), SERCA mRNA (1.01 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.09, P < 0.01) and IP3R protein (65.3 +/- 13.7 vs. 47.9 +/- 10.2, P < 0.01) expression in L-Thy treated rabbits. Both imidapril and valsartan could significantly attenuate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and structural remodeling induced by L-Thy. Compared with L-Thy group, decreased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [(376.4 +/- 32.5) nmol/L vs. (576.2 +/- 41.7) nmol/L, P < 0.01 and (392.6 +/- 41.2) nmol/L vs. (576.2 +/- 41.7) nmol/L, P < 0.01, respectively], and increased LCC mRNA (0.68 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.11, P < 0.01; 0.64 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.11, P < 0.01, respectively) and SERCA activity [(0.115 +/- 0.019) micromol x min(-1)xg(-1) vs. (0.062 +/- 0.013) micromol x min(-1)xg(-1), P < 0.01; (0.109 +/- 0.015) micromol x min(-1)xg(-1) vs. (0.062 +/- 0.013) micromol x min(-1)xg(-1), P < 0.01, respectively] were found in both imidapril and valsartan treated rabbits, but expression of RyR, SERCA and IP3R remained unchanged.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intracellular Ca(2+) overload may play important roles in myocardial hypertrophy induced by L-Thy. Imidapril and valsartan may exert beneficial effects on hyperthyroid myocardial hypertrophy via altering intracellular calcium handling.</p>

Long-term clinical efficacy of losartan or perindopril combination therapy with low-dose amiodarone in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of perindopril or losartan in combination with low-dose amiodarone on maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and eighty-one patients with idiopathic PAF were included in the study and randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (amiodarone group, n = 61) was treated with amiodarone alone, group 2 (amiodarone plus losartan, n = 59) was treated with amiodarone and perindopril in combination, and group 3 (amiodarone plus perindopril group, n = 61) was treated with amiodarone and perindopril in combination. The left atrial diameter (LAD) was measured with transthoracic echocardiogram at before and after 6, 12, 18 and 24-month of treatment. The duration of observation was up to two years and the primary end point of the study was the first recurrence of AF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the 6 month following up, there was no difference in LAD among the three groups. After 12 months, LAD in group 1 was significantly larger than group 2 and group 3 (P < 0.05). At 7th-month, the sinus rhythm maintenance of group 1 was lower significantly than group 2 and group 3. At the end of the study, the maintenance of sinus rhythm in group 2 and group 3 was higher significantly than in group 1 (83.05% and 80.33% vs 59.01%, P < 0.05), nevertheless, there was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this study suggest that the combination of amiodarone with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril or with angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan are more effective than amiodarone alone in sinus rhythm maintenance for idiopathic PAF. ACEI and ARB can inhibit the enlargement of left atrium and reduce recurrence rate in patients with idiopathic PAF.</p>